Unfortunately, there are few effective antidotes to aconitine toxicity.
Li-Qun Ma, You Yu, Hui Chen, Mei Li, Awais Ihsan, Hai-Ying Tong, Xian-Ju Huang, Xian-JuHuang, Yue Gao 2018, 'Sweroside Alleviated Aconitine-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast CellLine', Frontiers in Pharmacologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2018.01138/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The structure-activity relationship of aconitine alkaloids were discussed.
Fei Wang, Zhenggang Yue, Pei Xie, Li Zhang, Zhen Li, Bei Song, Zhishu Tang, XiaomeiSong 2016, 'C19-Norditerpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum szechenyianum and Their Effects on LPS-ActivatedNO Production', Moleculeshttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/9/1175. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The most important toxins include aconitine, strychnine, scopolamine, and anisodamine.
Lijuan Ma, Ronghui Gu, Li Tang, Ze-E Chen, Rong Di, Chunlin Long 2015, 'Important Poisonous Plants in Tibetan Ethnomedicine', Toxinshttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/1/138. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Aconitum species are used in herbal medicine and contain highly toxic components, including aconitine.
Inkyu Park, Sungyu Yang, Goya Choi, Wook Jin Kim, Byeong Cheol Moon 2017, 'The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Aconitum pseudolaeve and Aconitum longecassidatum,and Development of Molecular Markers for Distinguishing Species in the Aconitum SubgenusLycoctonum', Moleculeshttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/11/2012. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
On day 29, aconitine was infused intravenously for induction of cardiac arrhythmia.
Siyavash Joukar, Vahid Sheibani, Faramarz Koushesh, Elham Ghasemipoor Afshar, SoodabeGhorbani Shahrbabaki 2015, 'Arrhythmogenic risk assessment following four-week pretreatment with nicotine andblack tea in rat', Research in Cardiovascular Medicinehttp://www.rcvmonline.com/article.asp?issn=2251-9572;year=2015;volume=4;issue=3;spage=5;epage=5;aulast=Joukar;type=0. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Three extracts were analyzed, and 2 contained aconitine.
Marija Povšnar, Gordana Koželj, Samo Kreft, Mateja Lumpert 2017, 'Rare tradition of the folk medicinal use of Aconitum spp. is kept alive in Solčavsko,Slovenia', Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinehttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13002-017-0171-x. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Moreover, gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms were observed frequently in aconitine poisoning cases.
Xiangting Gao, Jun Hu, Xincai Zhang, Yuanyi Zuo, Yun Wang, Shaohua Zhu 2018, 'Research progress of aconitine toxicity and forensic analysis of aconitine poisoning',Forensic Sciences Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2018.1452346. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Above all, we found that aconitine showed an anti-melanoma effect in suppressing tumor growth in vivo.
Juan Du, Xiaonian Lu, Ziwen Long, Zhen Zhang, Xiaohua Zhu, Yongsheng Yang, JinhuaXu 2013, 'In Vitro and in Vivo Anticancer Activity of Aconitine on Melanoma Cell Line B16',Moleculeshttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/1/757. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We describe a fast and reproducible method to detect the concentration of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in plasma.
Liang Yang, Yuguang Wang, Guangyao Huang, Jian Li, Zhaoyan Zhang, Zengchun Ma, YueGao 2018, 'Simultaneous Evaluation of the Influence of Panax ginseng on the Pharmacokineticsof Three Diester Alkaloids after Oral Administration of Aconiti Lateralis Radix inRats Using UHPLC/QQQ-MS/MS', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6527549. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Three samples of homemade ethanolic extracts were obtained from informants, and theconcentration of aconitine was measured.
Marija Povšnar, Gordana Koželj, Samo Kreft, Mateja Lumpert 2017, 'Rare tradition of the folk medicinal use of Aconitum spp. is kept alive in Solčavsko,Slovenia', Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicinehttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13002-017-0171-x. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)