On average, 2 linac accelerators and 2 megavoltage units were available in each institution.
Jan Kriz, MD, Heinrich M. Seegenschmiedt, MD, PhD, Amelie Bartels, MD, Oliver Micke,MD, PhD, Ralph Muecke, MD, Ulrich Schaefer, MD, PhD, Uwe Haverkamp, MD, PhD, HansT. Eich, MD, PhD 2018, 'Updated strategies in the treatment of benign diseases—a patterns of care study ofthe german cooperative group on benign diseases', Advances in Radiation Oncologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452109418300332. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In this configuration, every rf bucket of the linac accelerating field contains an electron bunch.
Phillip Sprangle, Joseph Peñano, Bahman Hafizi, Daniel Gordon, Steven Gold, AntonioTing, Chad Mitchell 2011, 'High average current electron guns for high-power free electron lasers', Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beamshttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.020702. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The important design considerations of such linac are presented.
P. N. Ostroumov 2002, 'Development of a medium-energy superconducting heavy-ion linac', Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beamshttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.030101. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
They are also useful when using simple codes or spreadsheets to optimize a linac system.
T. O. Raubenheimer 2000, 'Estimates of emittance dilution and stability in high-energy linear accelerators',Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beamshttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.3.121002. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This production ring, the injection linac and the target system have been evaluated.
E. Wildner, C. Hansen, E. Benedetto, E. Jensen, T. Stora, T. Melo Mendonca, V. Vlachoudis,E. Bouquerel, M. Marie-Jeanne, P. Balint, C. Fourel, J. Giraud, J. Jacob, T. Lamy,L. Latrasse, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier, S. Mitrofanov, M. Loiselet, Th. Keutgen, Th.Delbar, F. Debray, C. Trophime, S. Veys, C. Daversin, V. Zorin, I. Izotov, V. Skalyga,A. Chancé, J. Payet, G. Burt, A. C. Dexter, V. L. Kravchuk, T. Marchi, M. Cinausero,F. Gramegna, G. De Angelis, G. Prete, G. Collazuol, M. Mezzetto, E. Vardaci, A. DiNitto, A. Brondi, G. La Rana, R. Moro, V. Palladino, N. Gelli, M. Mazzocco, C. Signorini,T. Y. Hirsh, M. Hass, D. Berkovits, A. Stahl, M. Schaumann, J. Wehner 2014, 'Design of a neutrino source based on beta beams', Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beamshttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.17.071002. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Therefore, it seems that this linac can be used for total skin electron irradiation.
Nasrollah Jabbari, Bijan Hashemi 2009, 'An assessment of the Photon Contamination due to Bremsstrahlung Radiation in the ElectronBeams of a NEPTUN 10PC Linac using a Monte Carlo Method', Iranian Journal of Medical Physicshttp://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7387_cbbdfc9d1528aaa163b2158c07cdff7f.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, the technology also imposes limitations to the treatment technique compared to a standard linac.
Rasmus Lübeck Christiansen, Christian Rønn Hansen, Rikke Hedegaard Dahlrot, AndersSmedegaard Bertelsen, Olfred Hansen, Carsten Brink, Uffe Bernchou 2018, 'Plan quality for high-risk prostate cancer treated with high field magnetic resonanceimaging guided radiotherapy', Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405631618300046. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
They are especially important in the front end of the driver linac.
P. N. Ostroumov, V. N. Aseev, B. Mustapha 2004, 'Beam loss studies in high-intensity heavy-ion linacs', Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beamshttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.7.090101. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
No significant differences were found between treatment planning system algorithms, delivery techniques and linac manufacturers.
Yat Tsang, Antony Carver, Nicki Groom, Catherine Harris, Corinne Faivre-Finn, DavidEaton 2017, 'A multi-centre dosimetry audit on advanced radiotherapy in lung as part of the IsotoxicIMRT study', Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405631617300325. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This system can be mounted on conventional linear accelerators (linac) as an add-on accessory.
Abdolreza Hashemian, Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni Toossi, Shahrokh Nasseri 2014, 'Design and Fabrication of the Control Part of a Prototype Multileaf Collimator System',Journal of Medical Signals and Sensorshttp://www.jmss.mui.ac.ir/article.asp?issn=2228-7477;year=2014;volume=4;issue=4;spage=300;epage=304;aulast=Hashemian. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)