We explore various assumptions regarding replicase activity and protocell division.
Ginestra Bianconi, Kun Zhao, Irene A Chen, Martin A Nowak 2013, 'Selection for replicases in protocells.', PLoS Computational Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3649988?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The convoluted membranes were most abundantly immunolabeled for viral replicase subunits.
Kèvin Knoops, Marjolein Kikkert, Sjoerd H E van den Worm, Jessika C Zevenhoven-Dobbe,Yvonne van der Meer, Abraham J Koster, A Mieke Mommaas, Eric J Snijder 2008, 'SARS-coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modifiedendoplasmic reticulum.', PLoS Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2535663?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Our results reveal that relaxase and replicase targets can be interchangeable in vitro.
Sandra Sagredo, Fernando de la Cruz, Gabriel Moncalián 2016, 'Design of Novel Relaxase Substrates Based on Rolling Circle Replicases for Bioconjugationto DNA Nanostructures', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0152666. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A replicase-like sequence of a betaflexivirus was identified in the cucumber genome.
Sotaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Akio Tani, Daisuke Saisho, Wataru Sakamoto, Satoko Kanematsu,Nobuhiro Suzuki 2011, 'Widespread endogenization of genome sequences of non-retroviral RNA viruses into plantgenomes.', PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3136472?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It has been suggested that spatial limitation may have been important for the replicase to confront parasites.
Sanmao Wu, Chunwu Yu, Wentao Zhang, Shaolin Yin, Yong Chen, Yu Feng, Wentao Ma 2017, 'Tag mechanism as a strategy for the RNA replicase to resist parasites in the RNA world.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5333815?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Consequently, we hypothesize that the replicase proteins were sequestered in spherules and were no longer able to recruit a template.
Maija K. Pietilä, Irina C. Albulescu, Martijn J. van Hemert, Tero Ahola 2017, 'Polyprotein Processing as a Determinant for in Vitro Activity of Semliki Forest VirusReplicase', Viruseshttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/9/10/292. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Viruses recruit cellular membranes and subvert cellular proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis to build viral replicase complexes and replication organelles.
Daniel Barajas, Kai Xu, Isabel Fernández de Castro Martín, Zsuzsanna Sasvari, FedericaBrandizzi, Cristina Risco, Peter D Nagy 2014, 'Co-opted oxysterol-binding ORP and VAP proteins channel sterols to RNA virus replicationsites via membrane contact sites.', PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4199759?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Strikingly, this region can be replaced by completely unrelated protein sequences, yet still produce a functional replicase.
Leonid Gitlin, Tzachi Hagai, Anthony LaBarbera, Mark Solovey, Raul Andino 2014, 'Rapid evolution of virus sequences in intrinsically disordered protein regions.',PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4263755?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)