a centromere, a protein structure found in chromosomes
kinetochore in American English
(kɪˈnɛtəˌkɔr; kɪˈnitəˌkɔr)
noun
centromere
kinetochore in American English
(kɪˈnitəˌkɔr, -ˌkour, -ˈnetə-, kai-)
noun
Biology
the place on either side of the centromere to which the spindle fibers are attached during cell division
Word origin
[1930–35; kineto- + -chore ‹ Gk cho᷇ros place]This word is first recorded in the period 1930–35. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: DNA, kickback, preset, saddle stitch, uncertainty principle
Examples of 'kinetochore' in a sentence
kinetochore
The centromere, on which kinetochore proteins assemble, ensures precise chromosome segregation.
Gautam Chatterjee, Sundar Ram Sankaranarayanan, Krishnendu Guin, Yogitha Thattikota,Sreedevi Padmanabhan, Rahul Siddharthan, Kaustuv Sanyal 2016, 'Repeat-Associated Fission Yeast-Like Regional Centromeres in the Ascomycetous BuddingYeast Candida tropicalis.', PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4741521?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Centromeres, sites of kinetochore assembly, are important for chromosome stability and integrity.
Veronica eFreire-Beneitez, Robert Jordan Price, Alessia eBuscaino 2016, 'The chromatin of Candida albicans pericentromeric repeats bears features of both euchromatinand heterochromatin', Frontiers in Microbiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00759/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In contrast, budding yeast has a specific 125 bp sequence required for kinetochore function.
Kung-Hsien Ho, Dai Tsuchiya, Audrey C. Oliger, Soni Lacefield 2014, 'Localization and Function of Budding Yeast CENP-A Depends upon Kinetochore ProteinInteractions and Is Independent of Canonical Centromere Sequence', Cell Reportshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124714010031. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The factors determining the dynamics of kinetochore clustering remain largely unknown.
Vikas Yadav, Kaustuv Sanyal 2018, 'Sad1 Spatiotemporally Regulates Kinetochore Clustering To Ensure High-Fidelity ChromosomeSegregation in the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans', mSpherehttps://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00190-18. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Thus, we propose an unexpected relationship between inner kinetochore organization and spindle integrity.
Hayato Hirai, Kunio Arai, Ryo Kariyazono, Masayuki Yamamoto, Masamitsu Sato 2014, 'The kinetochore protein Kis1/Eic1/Mis19 ensures the integrity of mitotic spindlesthrough maintenance of kinetochore factors Mis6/CENP-I and CENP-A.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4222959?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We found that the initiation of spindle assembly results from chromosome-microtubule interactions that are kinetochore-independent.
Sarah J Radford, Tranchau L Hoang, A Agata Głuszek, Hiroyuki Ohkura, Kim S McKim 2015, 'Lateral and End-On Kinetochore Attachments Are Coordinated to Achieve Bi-orientationin Drosophila Oocytes.', PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4608789?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
As such this provides the first functional evidence for a monopolin-binding site at the kinetochore.
Sourav Sarkar, Rajesh T Shenoy, Jacob Z Dalgaard, Louise Newnham, Eva Hoffmann, JonathanB A Millar, Prakash Arumugam 2013, 'Monopolin subunit Csm1 associates with MIND complex to establish monopolar attachmentof sister kinetochores at meiosis I.', PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3701701?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The budding yeast kinetochore comprises more than 60 different proteins.
Eva Herrero, Peter H Thorpe 2016, 'Synergistic Control of Kinetochore Protein Levels by Psh1 and Ubr2.', PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4758618?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Although merotelic attachments are common early in mitosis, some escape detection by the kinetochore pathway.
van Wely Karel HM, Martínez-A Carlos, Guerrero Astrid 2010, 'Merotelic attachments and non-homologous end joining are the basis of chromosomalinstability', Cell Divisionhttp://www.celldiv.com/content/5/1/13. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Erroneous kinetochore assembly or activity produces aneuploid cells that contain an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Ksenia Smurova, Peter De Wulf 2018, 'Centromere and Pericentromere Transcription: Roles and Regulation … in Sickness andin Health', Frontiers in Geneticshttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00674/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)