The medial branches of the dorsal rami are the main innervations of the facet joints.
Ahmed Faisal Toubar, PhD.,, Osama Mohamed Dawood, PhD. 2018, 'Facet Joint Injection versus Radiofrequency Facet Neurotomy for Treatment of LumbarFacet Joint Arthropathy', Egyptian Spine Journalhttp://www.esj.journals.ekb.eg/article_26432.html. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In addition, intraspecific variation has been observed on the caudal rami.
Hyun Woo Bang, Jeffrey G. Baguley, Heejin Moon 2015, 'First record of harpacticoid copepods from Lake Tahoe, United States: two new speciesof Attheyella (Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae)', ZooKeyshttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=4607. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Within this foramen the nervus oculomotorius divides into two rami: superior and inferior.
Amel R. Omar, Azza M. Riad, Ahmed I. Dakrory, Ibrahim Y. AbdelKader, Aya A. Mahmoud 2015, 'Eye muscle nerves and the ciliary ganglion of Malpolon monspessulana (Colubridae,Ophidia)', Journal of Basic and Applied Zoologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090989615000430. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The two rami innervate the rectus superior, rectus inferior, rectus medialis and the obliquus inferior muscles.
Amel R. Omar, Azza M. Riad, Ahmed I. Dakrory, Ibrahim Y. AbdelKader, Aya A. Mahmoud 2015, 'Eye muscle nerves and the ciliary ganglion of Malpolon monspessulana (Colubridae,Ophidia)', Journal of Basic and Applied Zoologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090989615000430. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Comminuted transforaminal sacral–rami fractures were modelled.
Brett D. Crist, Ferris M. Pfeiffer, Michael S. Khazzam, Rebecca A. Kueny, GregoryJ. Della Rocca, William L. Carson 2019, 'Biomechanical evaluation of location and mode of failure in three screw fixationsfor a comminuted transforaminal sacral fracture model', Journal of Orthopaedic Translationhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X18300391. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)