Occasionaly substernal goiters could grow into the mediastinum leading to giant mediastinal masses.
Murat Oncel, Gulfem Yildirim, Fikret Kanat, Guven Sadi Sunam 2012, 'Development of Giant Substernal Thyroid After Thyroidectomy: A Case Report', Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisihttp://www.scopemed.org/fulltextpdf.php?mno=20201. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Clinical criterion was used to define substernal goiter.
Mariana Gonçalves Rodrigues, Vergilius José Furtado de Araujo Filho, Leandro Luongode Matos, Flávio Carneiro Hojaij, Cesar Augusto Simões, Vergilius José Furtado deAraujo Neto, Daniel Marin Ramos, Renata Lorencetti Mahmoud, Letícia de Moraes Mosca,Gustavo Borges Manta, Erivelto Martinho Volpi, Lenine Garcia Brandão, Claudio RobertoCernea 2017, 'Substernal goiter and laryngopharyngeal reflux', Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolismhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2359-39972017000400348&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
All of them were done through substernal route.
Ramesh Lingala, Ramesh Kota 2017, 'STUDY OF CORROSIVE POISONING AND ITS EFFECTS ON UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ANDSURGICAL MANAGEMENT- A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE', Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcarehttp://www.jebmh.com/data_pdf/Ramesh%20-1%20-%20FINAL.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The prevalence increased with goiter size and with the extent of substernal extension.
Jesper Roed Sorensen, Steen Joop Bonnema, Christian Godballe, Laszlo Hegedüs 2018, 'The Impact of Goiter and Thyroid Surgery on Goiter Related Esophageal Dysfunction.A Systematic Review', Frontiers in Endocrinologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2018.00679/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Throughout his worsening condition, he denied any abdominal pain, only relaying ongoing substernal chest pain.
Desai H , Elani T , Parsa NA , Ahmad K 2015, 'Medical image of the week: necrotizing pancreatitis', Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Carehttp://www.swjpcc.com/imaging/2015/8/19/medical-image-of-the-week-necrotizing-pancreatitis.html. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In addition, abdominal aorta diameter was determined (substernal area, transverse plane).
Joanna Kieliszczyk, Wojciech Baranowski, Wojciech Kosiak 2016, 'Usefulness of ultrasound examination in the evaluation of a neonate's body fluid status',Journal of Ultrasonographyhttp://jultrason.pl/uploads/dm_artykuly/ultrasonography_65_kieliszczyk_v2_1.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
She developed temporary atrioventricular block, which was completely resolved with the decrease in the size of the substernal hematoma suffered.
Salim Surani, Karen Allen, Cynthia Ocegueda-Pacheco, Joseph Varon 2014, 'Atrioventricular Dissociation following Blunt Chest Trauma', Case Reports in Medicinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/349652. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Fibrolipomas are a subset of benign fibrovascular tumors, which present with dysphagia, odynophagia, and substernal fullness.
Ryan L. Kau, Alpen B. Patel, Michael L. Hinni 2012, 'Giant Fibrolipoma of the Esophagus', Case Reports in Otolaryngologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/406167. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)