The prothoracic legs, extended forward, help to direct the swimming.
Wesley Oliveira de Sousa, Marinêz Isaac Marques, Germano Henrique Rosado-Neto, JoachimAdis 2007, 'Surface swimming behavior of the curculionid Ochetina uniformis Pascoe (Erirhininae,Stenopelmini) and Ludovix fasciatus (Gyllenhal) (Curculioninae, Erodiscini) Comportamentode nado superficial exibido pelos Curculionidae Ochetina uniformis Pascoe (Erirhininae,Stenopelmini) e Ludovix fasciatus (Gyllenhal) (Curculioninae, Erodiscini)', Revista Brasileira de Entomologiahttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262007000100015. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Molting and metamorphosis are stimulated by the secretion of ecdysteroid hormones from the prothoracic glands.
Wendy eSmith, Anthony eLamattina, McKensie eCollins 2014, 'Insulin signaling pathways in lepidopteran steroidogenesis', Frontiers in Physiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00019/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Some branches run into suboesophageal and prothoracic centres; others run as far as to the mesothoracic ganglion.
Insausti Teresita C, Lazzari Claudio R 2000, 'The central projection of cephalic mechanosensory axons in the haematophagous bugTriatoma infestans', Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762000000300014. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Insulin-like hormones have been found to enhance prothoracic gland activity, providing a mechanism to link molting to nutritional state.
Wendy eSmith, Anthony eLamattina, McKensie eCollins 2014, 'Insulin signaling pathways in lepidopteran steroidogenesis', Frontiers in Physiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2014.00019/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In vitro analysis suggest that precocene and azadirachtin may act directly on the prothoracic glands and ovaries producing ecdysteroids.
Eloi S. Garcia, Denise Feder, José Eugénio P. L. Gomes, Patricia de Azambuja 1987, 'Effects of precocene and azadirachtin in Rhodnius prolixus: some data on developmentand reproduction', Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761987000700014. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Female and male presented significant differences regarding elytra length, width between tubercle, apical width of elytra of hind prothoracic.
Rita de Cássia Andrade dos Santos Seffrin, Ervandil Corrêa Costa, Mara Rúbia MachadoCouto, Sidinei José Lopes 2006, 'Medidas morfométricas de fêmeas e machos de Oncideres dejeani Thompson, 1868 (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) Morphometric measurements of males and females of Oncideres dejeaniThompson, 1868 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)', Ciência Ruralhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782006000400044. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Axonal tracing of individual nerves reveals eight identified neuron types in the subesophageal or prothoracic ganglion.
Johannes Strauß, Christoph-Rüdiger von Bredow, Yvette M. von Bredow, Konrad Stolz,Tina E. Trenczek, Reinhard Lakes-Harlan 2017, 'Multiple Identified Neurons and Peripheral Nerves Innervating the Prothoracic DefenseGlands in Stick Insects Reveal Evolutionary Conserved and Novel Elements of a ChemicalDefense System', Frontiers in Ecology and Evolutionhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2017.00151/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)