This affects the overall skin phenotype and epidermal, dermal, hypodermal and adnexal functions.
Georgeta Bocheva, Radomir M. Slominski, Andrzej T. Slominski 2019, 'Neuroendocrine Aspects of Skin Aging', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/11/2798. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Hypodermal invaginations in the ventral opisthosoma result in spiracles and sac-like cavities (atria).
Farley Roger D 2011, 'The ultrastructure of book lung development in the bark scorpion Centruroidesgracilis (Scorpiones: Buthidae)', Frontiers in Zoologyhttp://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/8/1/18. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This alteration was accompanied by a marked expansion of intestinal and hypodermal lipid droplets.
Daniela Palgunow, Maja Klapper, Frank Döring 2012, 'Dietary Restriction during Development Enlarges Intestinal and Hypodermal Lipid Dropletsin Caenorhabditis elegans', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0046198. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Some hypodermal cells of grape berry become pulp cells during growth stage to maturity.
Monique Fougère-Rifot, Céline Cholet, Jacques Bouard 1996, 'Evolution of the hypodermal cells of grape berry during their transformation in pulpcells', OENO Onehttps://oeno-one.eu/article/view/1108. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In the case of the resistant accessions, the penetration was stopped at the hypodermal layer.
Sayuj eKoyyappurath, Genevieve eConéjéro, Jean Bernard eDijoux, Fabienne eLapeyreMontes, Katia eJade, Frédéric eChiroleu, Frédéric eGatineau, Jean Luc eVerdeil, PascaleeBesse, Michel eGrisoni 2015, 'Differential responses of vanilla accessions to root rot and colonization by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae.', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2015.01125/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The endocarp develops from the inner epidermis and 2-3 hypodermal layers.
K. S. Rao, Y. S. Dave 2014, 'Development of the pericarp, septa and zone of dehiscence in the fruit of Cassia toraL.', Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniaehttps://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp/article/view/3358. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Wolbachia rely on fusion of hypodermal cells to populate adult chords.
Frédéric Landmann, Jeremy M Foster, Barton Slatko, William Sullivan 2010, 'Asymmetric Wolbachia segregation during early Brugia malayi embryogenesis determinesits distribution in adult host tissues.', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseaseshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2910707?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The anatomopathological examination revealed chronic central suppurative granulomatous dermo-hypodermal inflammation.
Neiva Aparecida Grazziotin, Itamar Luís Gonçalves, Clara Grazziotin 2013, 'Surgical resection of a cutaneous nodule in the left foot caused by mycobacteria',Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorialhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-24442013000300009&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Epidermal as well as dermal-hypodermal thicknesses were measured.
O. Ogunlesi, O. Oladele, O. Aina, O. Esan 2017, 'Effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) meal on skin thickness and fat depositionin commercial broiler chickens', Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicinehttp://tru.uni-sz.bg/bjvm/BJVM-June%202017%20p.118-124.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Hypodermal membrane fusion activity persists when 14-3-3 expression levels are reduced.
Jessica H Shinn-Thomas, Jacob J del Campo, Jianjun Wang, William A Mohler 2016, 'The EFF-1A Cytoplasmic Domain Influences Hypodermal Cell Fusions in C. elegans ButIs Not Dependent on 14-3-3 Proteins.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4723337?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)