The ethanol yield of the fermentation based on enzymatic hydrolyzate from treated biomass was 82%.
Shiyu Fu, Jinfeng Hu, Hao Liu 2014, 'Inhibitory Effects of Biomass Degradation Products on Ethanol Fermentation and a Strategyto Overcome Them', BioResourceshttp://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_09_3_4323_Fu_Inhibitory_Biomass_Degradation. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, dark fermentation of biohydrogen was more efficient when sugar beet pulp hydrolyzate was used.
Joanna Berlowska, Katarzyna Pielech-Przybylska, Maria Balcerek, Weronika Cieciura,Sebastian Borowski, Dorota Kregiel 2017, 'Integrated Bioethanol Fermentation/Anaerobic Digestion for Valorization of Sugar BeetPulp', Energieshttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/10/9/1255. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The resulting hydrolyzate contained a sufficient amount of fermentable sugars.
Dan Kucera, Pavla Benesova, Peter Ladicky, Miloslav Pekar, Petr Sedlacek, StanislavObruca 2017, 'Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Using Hydrolyzates of Spruce Sawdust: Comparisonof Hydrolyzates Detoxification by Application of Overliming, Active Carbon, and Lignite',Bioengineeringhttp://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/4/2/53. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Biogas involves microbial fermentation of feedstock hydrolyzate generated enzymatically or thermochemically.
Iryna P. Mikheenko, Jaime Gomez-Bolivar, Mohamed L. Merroun, Lynne E. Macaskie, SurbhiSharma, Marc Walker, Rachel A. Hand, Barry M. Grail, David Barrie Johnson, RafaelL. Orozco 2019, 'Upconversion of Cellulosic Waste Into a Potential “Drop in Fuel” via Novel CatalystGenerated Using Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and a Consortium of Acidophilic Sulfidogens',Frontiers in Microbiologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00970/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Iron chloride was then added to the hydrolyzate and lyophilizate.
Robert Kupczyński, Michał Bednarski, Kinga Śpitalniak, Krystyna Pogoda-Sewerniak 2017, 'Effects of Protein-Iron Complex Concentrate Supplementation on Iron Metabolism, Oxidativeand Immune Status in Preweaning Calves', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/7/1501. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Growth experiments indicated a strong inhibition by the wood hydrolyzate.
Dan Kucera, Pavla Benesova, Peter Ladicky, Miloslav Pekar, Petr Sedlacek, StanislavObruca 2017, 'Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Using Hydrolyzates of Spruce Sawdust: Comparisonof Hydrolyzates Detoxification by Application of Overliming, Active Carbon, and Lignite',Bioengineeringhttp://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/4/2/53. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The best result of the dechroming process was a gelatin hydrolyzate with only 1.11 in respect to the initial amount.
Botić Tatjana, Ilišković Nadežda V., Drljača Dijana 2004, 'Study of the dechroming of tanned leather wastes', Hemijska Industrijahttp://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0367-598X/2004/0367-598X0402064B.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A total of 39% of lignin and 73% of hemicellulose were removed and dissolved into the hydrolyzate.
Xingxiang Ji, Shanshan Liu, Qiang Wang, Guihua Yang, Jiachuan Chen, Guigan Fang 2015, 'Wet Oxidation Pretreatment of Wood Pulp Waste for Enhancing Enzymatic Saccharification',BioResourceshttp://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_10_2_2177_Ji_Wet_Oxidation_Pulp_Waste. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Furthermore, acetyl groups are also found to be a cause of biomass recalcitrance and hydrolyzate toxicity.
Chen Xiaowen, Shekiro Joseph, Franden Mary, Wang Wei, Zhang Min, Kuhn Erik, JohnsonDavid K, Tucker Melvin P 2012, 'The impacts of deacetylation prior to dilute acid pretreatment on the bioethanol process',Biotechnology for Biofuelshttp://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/8. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)