Thirty four types of variation and anomalies in the fore-hindwing veins were found.
Daniel Moura Lima, Alberto Moreira da Silva Neto, Alfonso Neri García-Aldrete, FreddyBravo 2018, 'Description of the female of Brasineura diamantina Silva-Neto & García Aldrete (Psocodea:“Psocoptera”: Ptiloneuridae), with comments on variation in the wing venation', Papéis Avulsos de Zoologiahttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492018000100241&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This new finding allows us to emend the family diagnosis with hindwing characters.
Yongjun Li, André Nel, ChungKun Shih, Ren Dong, Hong Pang 2013, 'The first euthemistid damsel-dragonfly from the Middle Jurassic of China (Odonata,Epiproctophora, Isophlebioptera)', ZooKeyshttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=3547. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Different phase angles between the flapping forewing and hindwing have been observed during various flight modes.
Hidetoshi Takahashi, Alice Concordel, Jamie Paik, Isao Shimoyama 2016, 'The Effect of the Phase Angle between the Forewing and Hindwing on the AerodynamicPerformance of a Dragonfly-Type Ornithopter', Aerospace (Basel)http://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/3/1/4. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The first interaction mode increases the lift of the forewing and the second one enhances the lift of the hindwing.
Chun-Mei Xie, Wei-Xi Huang 2015, 'Vortex interactions between forewing and hindwing of dragonfly in hovering flight',Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Lettershttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095034915000136. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This analysis follows a revision of the hindwing morphology in 291 extant and eight fossil genera.
Stefano Cantone, Claudio José Von Zuben 2019, 'The Hindwings of Ants: A Phylogenetic Analysis', Psyche: A Journal of Entomologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7929717. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Cladistic analyses were carried out based on morphological data from both the fore- and hindwingbase.
Chenjing Zhao, Xingyue Liu, Ding Yang 2014, 'Wing base structural data support the sister relationship of megaloptera and neuroptera(insecta: neuropterida).', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4263614?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We also monitored changes in the dorsal hindwing at the compartmental level and directly observed evaginating scale buds.
Kanako Hirata, Joji M. Otaki 2019, 'Real-Time In Vivo Imaging of the Developing Pupal Wing Tissues in the Pale Grass BlueButterfly Zizeeria maha: Establishing the Lycaenid System for Multiscale Bioimaging',Journal of Imaginghttps://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/5/4/42. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)