These effectors highjack the host's cellular processes to allow bacterial intracellular growth and replication.
Marie S. Prevost, Nikos Pinotsis, Maud Dumoux, Richard D. Hayward, Gabriel Waksman 2017, 'The Legionella effector WipB is a translocated Ser/Thr phosphatase that targets thehost lysosomal nutrient sensing machinery', Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-017-10249-6. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, chronic viral infections highjack the host immune response to create a state of disease tolerance via kynurenine catabolites.
Vikram Mehraj, Jean-Pierre Routy 2015, 'Tryptophan Catabolism in Chronic Viral Infections: Handling Uninvited Guests', International Journal of Tryptophan Researchhttps://doi.org/10.4137/IJTR.S26862. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)