(ˌhɛtərəʊˈkrɒnɪk) or heterochronous (ˌhɛtəˈrɒkrənəs)
adjective
biology
occurring at different times or stages
Examples of 'heterochronic' in a sentence
heterochronic
The development of lateral plates along the body and keel was heterochronic among experimental groups.
Aleksey A. Bolotovskiy, Marina A. Levina, Jacquelin DeFaveri, Juha Merilä, Boris A.Levin 2018, 'Heterochronic development of lateral plates in the three-spined stickleback inducedby thyroid hormone level alterations', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0194040. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This contributes to the idea that ferns share some heterochronic gene functions with flowering plants.
Koen eGeuten, Heleen eCoenen 2013, 'Heterochronic genes in plant evolution and development', Frontiers in Plant Sciencehttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2013.00381/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The rejuvenation of tissue regeneration in aging organisms has also been observed after heterochronic parabiosis.
Luc Rochette, Alexandre Meloux, Eve Rigal, Marianne Zeller, Yves Cottin, Gabriel Malka,Catherine Vergely 2018, 'Regenerative Capacity of Endogenous Factor: Growth Differentiation Factor 11; a NewApproach of the Management of Age-Related Cardiovascular Events', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/12/3998. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Only several inferred heterochronic events are common to all methods and phylogenies.
Tomasz Skawiński, Bartosz Borczyk 2017, 'Evolution of developmental sequences in lepidosaurs', PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/3262.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Heterochronic development has been proposed to have played an important role in the evolution of echinoderms.
Sabine Stöhr, Alexander Martynov 2016, 'Paedomorphosis as an Evolutionary Driving Force: Insights from Deep-Sea Brittle Stars',PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0164562. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Taken together, our results suggest an evolutionarily conserved and pivotal role of the heterochronic gene pathway in early vertebrate embryogenesis.
Yasuo Ouchi, Jyunya Yamamoto, Takashi Iwamoto 2014, 'The Heterochronic Genes lin-28a and lin-28b Play an Essential and Evolutionarily ConservedRole in Early Zebrafish Development', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0088086. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We also find that environmental fluctuations significantly strengthen the weak heterochronic phenotypes of null daf-12 alleles.
Daniel Hochbaum, Yue Zhang, Carsten Stuckenholz, Paul Labhart, Vassili Alexiadis,René Martin, Hans-Joachim Knölker, Alfred L Fisher 2011, 'DAF-12 regulates a connected network of genes to ensure robust developmental decisions.',PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3140985?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We performed genetic complementation tests using substitution lines with the longest and shortest developmental times and heterochronic mutations.
Julián Mensch, Valeria Carreira, Nicolás Lavagnino, Julieta Goenaga, Guillermo Folguera,Esteban Hasson, Juan José Fanara 2010, 'Stage-specific effects of candidate heterochronic genes on variation in developmentaltime along an altitudinal cline of Drosophila melanogaster.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2887892?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Further, we also have identified mutations in genes involved in metabolic and neurogenic pathways that affect development time (heterochronic genes).
Julián Mensch, Valeria Carreira, Nicolás Lavagnino, Julieta Goenaga, Guillermo Folguera,Esteban Hasson, Juan José Fanara 2010, 'Stage-specific effects of candidate heterochronic genes on variation in developmentaltime along an altitudinal cline of Drosophila melanogaster.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2887892?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)