This study investigates vessel port dues, which follow diverse formulas of calculation that complicate comparisons.
Alexandre Lavissiere 2018, 'Vessel Port Dues: An Influence from Path Dependency rather than Geography of Ports',Asian Journal of Shipping and Logisticshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209252121830021X. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Port dues and container handling and canal dues account for as much as 40% of the annualized containership cost.
Alexandros M. Goulielmos 2018, '“After End-2008 Structural Changes in Containership Market” and Their Impact on Industry'sPolicy', International Journal of Financial Studieshttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-7072/6/4/90. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)