The ploidy of the hybrid progeny was assessed by flow cytometry.
M. Jugulam, Asma Ziauddin, Kenny K. Y. So, Shu Chen, J. Christopher Hall 2015, 'Transfer of Dicamba Tolerance from Sinapis arvensis to Brassica napus via Embryo Rescueand Recurrent Backcross Breeding', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0141418. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has several natural ploidy types.
Xiaoyun Zhou, Yongyao Yu, Yanhe Li, Junjie Wu, Xiujie Zhang, Xianwu Guo, Weimin Wang 2014, 'Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Distinct Nuclear Ploidy Loach Misgurnusanguillicaudatus and Its Implications for Polyploidy Evolution', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0092033. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We studied reproductive mode and ploidy level as putative factors for invasiveness of the species.
Ladislav Hodac̆, Fuad Bahrul Ulum, Nicole Opfermann, Natalie Breidenbach, Diego Hojsgaard,Sri Sudarmiyati Tjitrosoedirdjo, Barbara Vornam, Reiner Finkeldey, Elvira Hörandl 2016, 'Population Genetic Structure and Reproductive Strategy of the Introduced Grass Centothecalappacea in Tropical Land-Use Systems in Sumatra', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0147633. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Flowcytometry analysis revealed abnormal ploidy levels in mps1mutant.
Mohan Kamthan, Vijaya Kumar Nalla, Deepa Ruhela, Ayushi Kamthan, Protiti Maiti, AsisDatta 2014, 'Characterization of a Putative Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Kinase Mps1, Suggests ItsInvolvement in Cell Division, Morphogenesis and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Candidaalbicans', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0101517. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
There was also no association between combining ability, genetic diversity and heterosis across ploidy.
Payal Bansal, Shashi Banga, S. S. Banga 2012, 'Heterosis as Investigated in Terms of Polyploidy and Genetic Diversity Using DesignedBrassica juncea Amphiploid and Its Progenitor Diploid Species', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0029607. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Each ploidy level was represented by one clone.
František Krahulec, Anna Krahulcova 2011, 'Ploidy levels and reproductive behaviour in invasive Hieracium pilosella in Patagonia',NeoBiotahttp://neobiota.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=1218. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Ploidy seemed to be positively and negatively correlated with latitude and productivity, respectively.
Serdar Dirihan, Marjo Helander, Henry Väre, Pedro E Gundel, Lucas A Garibaldi, J GonzaloN Irisarri, Irma Saloniemi, Kari Saikkonen 2016, 'Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal EndophyteFrequencies.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5112939?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This model was able to recapitulate aperture patterns observed in the wild-type and higher-ploidy pollen.
Shayne M Plourde, Prativa Amom, Michelle Tan, Adriana T Dawes, Anna A Dobritsa 2019, 'Changes in morphogen kinetics and pollen grain size are potential mechanisms of aberrantpollen aperture patterning in previously observed and novel mutants of Arabidopsisthaliana.', PLoS Computational Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6394904?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We found no differences in relative growth rate between ploidy levels for each species.
Elaine E Potter, Carol S Thornber, John-David Swanson, Malcolm McFarland 2016, 'Ploidy Distribution of the Harmful Bloom Forming Macroalgae Ulva spp. in NarragansettBay, Rhode Island, USA, Using Flow Cytometry Methods.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4769327?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Cells with a higher ploidy were larger in the developing endosperm.
Hidekazu Kobayashi 2019, 'Variations of endoreduplication and its potential contribution to endosperm developmentin rice (Oryza sativa L.)', Plant Production Sciencehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2019.1570281. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)