a bacterial toxin that has been weakened for use in inoculations
2.
a deadly neurotoxin produced by a species of cyanobacteria and found in both marine and freshwater environments
anatoxin in American English
(ˌænəˈtɑksɪn)
noun
toxoid
Word origin
[1920–25; ana- + toxin]This word is first recorded in the period 1920–25. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: Unknown Soldier, audio, slalom, tie-in, zipperana- is a prefix in loanwords from Greek, where it means “up,” “against,” “back,” “re-”(anabasis); used in the formation of compound words. Other words that use the affix ana- include: analogous, anamnesis, anapest, anaphora, epanodos
Examples of 'anatoxin' in a sentence
anatoxin
Eighteen strains produced anatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a or homoanatoxin-a.
Roger G. Young, Sally Gaw, Thomas Palfroy, Mark W. Heath, Francine M. J. Smith, SusannaA. Wood, Ken G. Ryan 2012, 'Within-Mat Variability in Anatoxin-a and Homoanatoxin-a Production among Benthic Phormidium(Cyanobacteria) Strains', Toxinshttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/10/900. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Studies to date have shown high spatial and temporal variability in anatoxin concentrations among mats.
Susanna A. Wood, Jonathan Puddick 2017, 'The Abundance of Toxic Genotypes Is a Key Contributor to Anatoxin Variability in Phormidium-DominatedBenthic Mats', Marine Drugshttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/15/10/307. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a are neurotoxic cyanotoxins produced by benthic and planktoniccyanobacteria worldwide.
Andreas Ballot, Pia I Scherer, Susanna A Wood 2018, 'Variability in the anatoxin gene clusters of Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi from Germany,New Zealand, China and Japan.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6053186?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The anatoxin was then detected using a peroxidase-labeled tetanus or diphtheria antitoxin.
M.H. Sonobe, A.G. Trezena, F.B. Guilhen, V.L. Takano, F. Fratelli, D. Sakauchi, J.F.Morais, S.M.A. Prado, H.G. Higashi 2007, 'Determination of low tetanus or diphtheria antitoxin titers in sera by a toxin neutralizationassay and a modified toxin-binding inhibition test', Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Researchhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2007000100009. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Anatoxin-a was detected in less than 50% of the biofilms.
Isidora Echenique-Subiabre, Maxime Tenon, Jean-François Humbert, Catherine Quiblier 2018, 'Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Development and Potential Toxicity of PhormidiumBiofilms in the Tarn River, France', Toxinshttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/10/418. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
No utilities had detectable concentrations of anatoxin-a.
David C. Szlag, James L. Sinclair, Benjamin Southwell, Judy A. Westrick 2015, 'Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins Occurrence and Removal from Five High-Risk ConventionalTreatment Drinking Water Plants', Toxinshttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/6/2198. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Only treatment with staphylococcal anatoxin enabled a closure of the fistula within 2 months.
Giedrė Šemetienė, Eglė Gatelienė, Giedrius Uždavinys 2010, 'Stafilokokinio anatoksino vartojimas pooperacinėms žaizdoms gydyti: klinikinio atvejoaprašymas', Lietuvos Chirurgijahttp://www.journals.vu.lt/lietuvos-chirurgija/article/view/2114. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Strains isolated from each mat either all produced toxins, or were a mixture of anatoxin and non-anatoxin-producinggenotypes.
Roger G. Young, Sally Gaw, Thomas Palfroy, Mark W. Heath, Francine M. J. Smith, SusannaA. Wood, Ken G. Ryan 2012, 'Within-Mat Variability in Anatoxin-a and Homoanatoxin-a Production among Benthic Phormidium(Cyanobacteria) Strains', Toxinshttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/10/900. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Strains were grown to stationary phase and their anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a and dihydrohomoanatoxin-aconcentrations determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Roger G. Young, Sally Gaw, Thomas Palfroy, Mark W. Heath, Francine M. J. Smith, SusannaA. Wood, Ken G. Ryan 2012, 'Within-Mat Variability in Anatoxin-a and Homoanatoxin-a Production among Benthic Phormidium(Cyanobacteria) Strains', Toxinshttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/10/900. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)