In contrast, haemocyte concentration was severely reduced in infected insects that did not thermoregulate.
Rouguiatou Sangbaramou, Ibrahima Camara, Xin-zheng Huang, Jie Shen, Shu-qian Tan,Wang-peng Shi 2018, 'Behavioral thermoregulation in Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae)in response to the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0206816. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Overall, this study demonstrated that climate changes can strongly affect haemocyte functionality in bivalves.
Valerio Matozzo, Andrea Chinellato, Marco Munari, Livio Finos, Monica Bressan, MariaGabriella Marin 2012, 'First evidence of immunomodulation in bivalves under seawater acidification and increasedtemperature.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3313930?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Different stress conditions and time did not influence on total haemocyte count.
J. P. Duarte, C. E. Silva, P. B. Ribeiro, M. C. Cárcamo 2019, 'Do dietary stresses affect the immune system of Periplaneta americana (Blattaria:Blattidae)?', Brazilian Journal of Biologyhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842019005002105&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Mannose carbohydrate was recognized on haemocyte of none infected and infected snails.
AA Saboor Yaraghi, A Farahnak, MR Eshraghian 2011, 'Haemolymph Components of Infected & None Infected Lymnaea Snails with Xiphidiocercariae',Iranian Journal of Parasitologyhttp://journals.tums.ac.ir/upload_files/pdf/17756.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
For differential haemocyte counts, plasmatocytes and granulocytes increased with exposure of insecticides.
Nighat Perveen, Munir Ahmad 2017, 'Toxicity of some insecticides to the haemocytes of giant honeybee, Apis dorsata F.under laboratory conditions', Saudi Journal of Biological Scienceshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X16301875. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The ultrastructural features of haemocyte granules allowed the characterisation of a fourth type of haemocyte, the medium granule haemocyte.
A. Giglio, C. Manfrin, M. Zanetti, L. Aquiloni, E. Simeon, M. K. Bravin, S. Battistella,P. G. Giulianini 2018, 'Effects of X-ray irradiation on haemocytes of Procambarus clarkii (Arthropoda: Decapoda)males', The European Zoological Journalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2017.1423119. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We then measured two standard indices of immune function: lysozyme-like activity of the haemolymph and haemocyte counts.
Jean M. Drayton, Matthew D. Hall, John Hunt, Michael D. Jennions 2012, 'Sexual Signaling and Immune Function in the Black Field Cricket Teleogryllus commodus',PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0039631. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Viral load, survival rate, haemocyte populations and phenoloxidase activity of each experimental group were measured and compared.
Maurizio Mazzei, Baldassare Fronte, Simona Sagona, Maria Luisa Carrozza, Mario Forzan,Federica Pizzurro, Carlo Bibbiani, Vincenzo Miragliotta, Francesca Abramo, FrancescaMillanta, Marco Bagliacca, Alessandro Poli, Antonio Felicioli 2016, 'Effect of 1,3-1,6 β-Glucan on Natural and Experimental Deformed Wing Virus Infectionin Newly Emerged Honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica)', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0166297. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Wolbachia infection did not affect the haemocyte density, but the quantity of granular haemocytes decreased by one third.
Frédéric Chevalier, Juline Herbinière-Gaboreau, Joanne Bertaux, Maryline Raimond,Franck Morel, Didier Bouchon, Pierre Grève, Christine Braquart-Varnier 2011, 'The immune cellular effectors of terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare: meetingwith their invaders, Wolbachia.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3080368?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)