a long-chain compound occurring in sphingomyelins and cerebrosides, and from which it can be released by hydrolysis. Formula: CH3(CH2)12CH:CHCH(OH)CH(NH2)CH2OH
Word origin
from sphingos-, from Greek sphingein to hold fast + -ine2
sphingosine in American English
(ˈsfɪŋɡəˌsin, -sɪn)
noun
Biochemistry
a basic unsaturated amino alcohol, C18H33(OH)2NH2, produced by the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin or gangliosides
Word origin
[1881; earlier sphingosin, equiv. to sphingo-, comb. form repr. Gk sphínxsphinx + intrusive -s- + -in2; so called in allusion to the enigmas it posed for its discoverer]-in is a noun suffix used in a special manner in chemical and mineralogical nomenclature(glycerin; acetin, etc.). In spelling, usage wavers between -in and -ine. In chemistry a certain distinction of use is attempted, basic substances havingthe termination -ine rather than -in (aconitine; aniline, etc.), and -in being restricted to certain neutral compounds, glycerides, glucosides, and proteids(albumin; palmitin, etc.), but this distinction is not always observed
Examples of 'sphingosine' in a sentence
sphingosine
This was not seen for simvastatin, ezetimibe, or a sphingosine kinase inhibitor.
Fatima Ali-Rahmani, Michael A. Huang, C.-L. Schengrund, James R. Connor, Sang Y. Lee 2014, 'C282Y-HFE Gene Variant Affects Cholesterol Metabolism in Human Neuroblastoma Cells',PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0088724. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Significant elevations were detected for total sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate.
Philip Michael Sobolesky, Tyler S Harrell, Celeste eParry, Stephanie eVenn-Watson,Michael Gregory Janech, Michael Gregory Janech 2016, 'Feeding a Modified Fish Diet to Bottlenose Dolphins Leads to an Increase in SerumAdiponectin and Sphingolipids.', Frontiers in Endocrinologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2016.00033/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Supplementing sphingosine into the diet rescued the neuropathy in flies.
Aniket Ghosh, Tina Kling, Nicolas Snaidero, Julio L Sampaio, Andrej Shevchenko, HeribertGras, Bart Geurten, Martin C Göpfert, Jörg B Schulz, Aaron Voigt, Mikael Simons 2013, 'A global in vivo Drosophila RNAi screen identifies a key role of ceramide phosphoethanolaminefor glial ensheathment of axons.', PLoS Geneticshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3861124?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These effects were related to the accumulation of sphingosine in palmitate treated myotubes.
Agnieszka Mikłosz, Bartłomiej Łukaszuk, Marcin Baranowski, Jan Górski, Adrian Chabowski 2013, 'Effects of inhibition of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and sphingosine kinase1 (SphK1) on palmitate induced insulin resistance in L6 myotubes.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3871603?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Serum and urinary eicosanoid metabolites, sphingosine-1-phosphate, were evaluated by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Sailesh Palikhe, Udval Uuganbayar, Hoang Kim Tu Trinh, Ga-Young Ban, Eun-Mi Yang,Hae-Sim Park, Seung-Hyun Kim 2017, 'A Role of the ABCC4 Gene Polymorphism in Airway Inflammation of Asthmatics', Mediators of Inflammationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3549375. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This resulted in a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic follicles in sphingosine-1-phosphate-treated transplants.
Reza Soleimani, Elke Heytens, Kutluk Oktay 2011, 'Enhancement of Neoangiogenesis and Follicle Survival by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate inHuman Ovarian Tissue Xenotransplants', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0019475. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In addition, sphingosine-1-phosphate accelerated the angiogenic process compared to vehicle-treated controls.
Reza Soleimani, Elke Heytens, Kutluk Oktay 2011, 'Enhancement of Neoangiogenesis and Follicle Survival by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate inHuman Ovarian Tissue Xenotransplants', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0019475. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Redox-dependent sphingosine-1-phosphate production and release are altered in diabetic platelets.
Isabella Russo, Saveria Femminò, Saveria Femminò, Cristina Barale, Francesca Tullio,Francesca Tullio, Stefano Geuna, Franco Cavalot, Franco Cavalot, Pasquale Pagliaro,Pasquale Pagliaro, Claudia Penna, Claudia Penna 2018, 'Cardioprotective Properties of Human Platelets Are Lost in Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus:A Study in Isolated Rat Hearts', Frontiers in Physiologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00875/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Insulin was found to increase sphingosine kinase activity.
Huan Yu, Xiangxin Che, Xiaoyuan Xu, Meirong Zheng, Yong Zhao, Wei He, Jingmou Yu,Jianjun Xiong, Weidong Li 2013, 'Insulin protects apoptotic cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury throughthe sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate axis.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3859498?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)