382–336 bc, king of Macedonia (359–336); the father of Alexander the Great
2.
known as Philip Augustus. 1165–1223, Capetian king of France (1180–1223); set out on the Third Crusade with Richard I of England (1190)
3.
1527–98, king of Spain (1556–98) and, as Philip I, king of Portugal (1580–98); the husband of Mary I of England (1554–58). He championed the Counter-Reformation, sending the Armada against England (1588)