Neral, geranial, and citronellal were the major constituents.
Ana Carolina B. Sodré, José Magno Q. Luz, Lenita L. Haber, Marcia O. M. Marques, CarlosR. Rodrigues, Arie F. Blank 2011, 'Organic and mineral fertilization and chemical composition of lemon balm (Melissaofficinalis) essential oil', Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosiahttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-695X2012000100006&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The majority of essential oil compounds were geranial and neral.
Alessandra Farias Millezi, Danila Soares Caixeta, Diogo Francisco Rossoni, Maria dasGraças Cardoso, Roberta Hilsdorf Piccoli 2012, 'In vitro antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils thymus vulgaris, cymbopogoncitratus and laurus nobilis against five important foodborne pathogens', Food Science and Technologyhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-20612012000100025&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of geranial, limonene, γ-terpinene and others.
Jorge Luis Amorim, Daniel Luiz Reis Simas, Mariana Martins Gomes Pinheiro, DanielaSales Alviano Moreno, Celuta Sales Alviano, Antonio Jorge Ribeiro da Silva, PatriciaDias Fernandes 2016, 'Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Chemical Characterization of the Essential Oils ofFour Citrus Species', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0153643. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Geranial and neral levels were higher in all origins and as drying periods were longer.
I.C.M Dabague, C Deschamps, A.F Mógor, A.P Scheer, L Côcco 2011, 'Essential oil yield and composition of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizomesafter different drying periods Teor e composição de óleo essencial de rizomas de gengibre(Zingiber officinale Roscoe) após diferentes períodos de secagem', Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinaishttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-05722011000100012. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Nevertheless, the most frequently reported constituents were xanthomicrol, limonene, luteolin, geranial, apigenin, and calycopterin.
Parisa Heydari, Maryam Yavari, Peyman Adibi, Gholamreza Asghari, Syed-Mustafa Ghanadian,Gabriel O. Dida, Faham Khamesipour 2019, 'Medicinal Properties and Active Constituents of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Its Significancein Iran: A Systematic Review', Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9465309. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, in the second cut the oils from all accessions appeared very similar with 80–90% geranial plus neral.
Remigius Chizzola, Ulrike Lohwasser, Chlodwig Franz 2018, 'Biodiversity within Melissa officinalis: Variability of Bioactive Compounds in a CultivatedCollection', Moleculeshttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/2/294. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
At the first stage, the highest percentages belonged to limonene (39.38%), geranial (14.32%) and neral (11.01%).
Esfahani Razieh Ebadati, Moradi Pejman 2017, 'Experimental Paper. The effect of different development stages on the quantity andquality of the essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle in Iran', Herba Polonicahttp://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hepo.2017.63.issue-1/hepo-2017-0003/hepo-2017-0003.xml?format=INT. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Citronella essential oil has more than eighty components, of which the most important ones are citronellal, geranial and limonene.
C. F. Silva, F. C. Moura, M. F. Mendes, F. L. P. Pessoa 2011, 'Extraction of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil using supercritical co2:experimental data and mathematical modeling', Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineeringhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-66322011000200019. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)