We consider the use of annual laminae in chronology building, with particular relevanceto palaeoclimate reconstructions.
Baker Andy, Smith Claire L., Jex Catherine, Fairchild Ian J., Genty Dominique, FullerLisa 2008, 'Annually Laminated Speleothems: a Review', International Journal of SpeleologyPalaeoclimateResearchinVillarsCave(Dordogne,SW-France). Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The paper presents pollen-based palaeoecological and palaeoclimate investigations in which plant climate indicators were applied.
Pidek Irena Agnieszka 2013, 'Pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstruction of the Ferdynandovian sequencefrom Łuków (eastern Poland)', Acta Palaeobotanicahttp://www.degruyter.com/view/j/acpa.2013.53.issue-1/acpa-2013-0009/acpa-2013-0009.xml?format=INT. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
When they do so, they yield results more consistent with palaeoclimate models.
S. P. Harrison, I. C. Prentice 2009, 'Ecosystem effects of CO2 concentration: evidence from past climates', Climate of the Pasthttp://www.clim-past.net/5/297/2009/cp-5-297-2009.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The development and evolution of palaeokarsts are mainly controlled by structure, palaeoclimate and lithology.
Zhang Bing, Zheng Rongcai, Wang Xuben, Luo Yuan, Li Wei, Wen Huaguo, Hu Zhonggui 2011, 'Paleokarst features and reservoir distribution in the Huanglong Formation of easternSichuan', Petroleum Exploration and Developmenthttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876380411600323. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The historical focus of speleothem palaeoclimate studies has been on the derivation of palaeotemperatures through oxygen isotope studies.
Ian John Fairchild, Emily Anne McMillan 2007, 'Speleothems as indicators of wet and dry periods', International Journal of Speleologyhttp://www.ijs.speleo.it/pdf/66.549.36(2)_Fairchild_and_McMillan.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Both the methodologies chosen to reconstruct palaeoclimate and to calibrate the model are strongly based on proxy data.
A. Quiquet, C. Ritz, H. J. Punge, D. Salas y Mélia 2013, 'Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise during the last interglacial period:a modelling study driven and constrained by ice core data', Climate of the Pasthttp://www.clim-past.net/9/353/2013/cp-9-353-2013.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Sedimentological indicators of palaeoclimate and palynological data point to a subtropical to tropical climate with pronounced dry seasons.
W.-D. Heinrich, R. Bussert, M. Aberhan, O. Hampe, S. Kapilima, E. Schrank, S. Schultka,G. Maier, E. Msaky, B. Sames, R. Chami 2001, 'The German-Tanzanian Tendaguru Expedition 2000', Fossil Recordhttp://www.foss-rec.net/4/223/2001/fr-4-223-2001.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Despite this potential, they are underrepresented among palaeoclimate studies, due to enigmatic physiological influences skewing the elemental record.
N. Hausmann, A. L. Prendergast, A. Lemonis, J. Zech, P. Roberts, P. Siozos, D. Anglos 2019, 'Extensive elemental mapping unlocks Mg/Ca ratios as climate proxy in seasonal recordsof Mediterranean limpets', Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-019-39959-9. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In the case of ombrotrophic peatlands, such analyses can also be used to generate palaeoclimate data.
D. Mauquoy, P.D.M. Hughes, B. van Geel 2010, 'A protocol for plant macrofossil analysis of peat deposits', Mires and Peathttp://www.mires-and-peat.net/map07/map_07_06.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)