the southern kingdom of ancient Mesopotamia: a great empire from about 2200–538 bc, when it was conquered by the Persians
Babylonia in American English
(ˌbæbəˈloʊniə)
ancient empire in SW Asia, in the lower valley of the Tigris & Euphrates rivers: it flourished c. 2100-689 b.c. and again, as Chaldea or “New Babylonia,” c. 625-538 b.c.