[extra- + floral]extra- is a prefix meaning “outside,” “beyond,” freely used as an English formative. Otherwords that use the affix extra- include: extra-atmospheric, extrajudicial, extraterritorial
Examples of 'extrafloral' in a sentence
extrafloral
Reducing sugars, neutral polysaccharides, proteins, starch and phenolic compounds were detected in extrafloral nectaries.
Mairon César Coimbra, Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro 2014, 'Distribution and structural aspects of extrafloral nectaries in leaves of Pyrostegiavenusta (Bignoniaceae)', Acta Scientiarum : Biological Scienceshttp://186.233.154.254/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/23450. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Extrafloral nectaries can occur in both vegetative and reproductive plant structures.
Priscila Andre Sanz-Veiga, Leonardo Ré Jorge, Santiago Benitez-Vieyra, Felipe W Amorim 2017, 'Pericarpial nectary-visiting ants do not provide fruit protection against pre-dispersalseed predators regardless of ant species composition and resource availability.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5718428?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, cadmium was excluded from extrafloral nectar.
Tessa M. Henson, Wendy Cory, Matthew T. Rutter 2013, 'Extensive Variation in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation among Populations of Chamaecristafasciculata', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0063200. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Extrafloral nectaries are found in all studied species.
Ana M Gonzalez 2011, 'Domacios y nectarios extraflorales en Bignoniáceas: componentes vegetales de una interacciónmutualística Domatia and extrafloral nectaries in Bignoniaceae: two components ofa mutualistic interaction', Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánicahttp://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-23722011000200007. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The plant shelters and provides the ants with extrafloral nectar.
Alain Dejean, Jérôme Orivel, Vivien Rossi, Olivier Roux, Jérémie Lauth, Pierre-JeanG Malé, Régis Céréghino, Céline Leroy 2013, 'Predation success by a plant-ant indirectly favours the growth and fitness of itshost myrmecophyte.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3597600?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The remaining 53% involved the collection of homopteran honeydew and sugary substances from extrafloral nectaries.
Ramírez Mónica, Chacón de Ulloa Patricia, Armbrecht Inge, Calle Zoraida 2001, 'Contribución al conocimiento de las interacciones entre plantas, hormigas y homópterosen bosques secos de Colombia', Caldasiahttp://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/view/17721. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Exudates of extrafloral nectaries produced by the young bamboo plants provided food for the females.
Damir Kovac 2015, 'Reproductive Behavior and Basic Biology of the Oriental Bamboo-Inhabiting Anoplomusrufipes and a Comparison with Frugivorous Dacinae Fruit Flies', Insectshttp://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/6/4/869. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Insects associated with cotton plant are numerous, as the plant bears extrafloral nectar.
Dwi Adi Sunarto, nurindah nurindah 2016, 'Peran insektisida botani ekstrak biji mimba untuk konservasi musuh alami dalam pengelolaanserangga hama kapas.', Jurnal Entomologi Indonesiahttp://jurnal.pei-pusat.org/index.php/jei/article/view/254. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This indicates that, even in alpine plants, extreme high temperature may affect the evolution of plant extrafloral structures.
De-Li Peng, Bo Song, Yang Yang, Yang Niu, Hang Sun 2016, 'Overlapping Leaves Covering Flowers in the Alpine Species Eriophyton wallichii (Lamiaceae):Key Driving Factors and Their Potential Impact on Pollination.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5055289?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Extrafloral investment enhanced ant recruitment and was positively related to the ant mediated defence against herbivores.
Marcia González-Teuber, Juan Carlos Silva Bueno, Martin Heil, Wilhelm Boland 2012, 'Increased host investment in extrafloral nectar (EFN) improves the efficiency of amutualistic defensive service.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3464296?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)