Significance concerning the ergogenic effects has not been identified.
José Rubens Rebelatto, Rafael Jiménez, Marco A. Delgado, Begoña Muguerza, Maria E.Muñoz, Ana I. Galan, Roberto Méndez Sánchez, José Ignácio Calvo Arenillas 2008, 'Antioxidantes, atividade física e estresse oxidativo em mulheres idosas Antioxidants,physical activity and oxidative stress in older women', Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esportehttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-86922008000100001. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The average score of students' knowledge about ergogenic substances was 12.
zahra Sarlak, ali Kashi 2009, 'Study of effective factors on the use of banned drugs and ergogenic supplements inLorestan high school students', Yaftehhttp://yafte.lums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-94&slc_lang=en&sid=1. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Prevalence of ergogenic substances in male students was 13.
zahra Sarlak, ali Kashi 2009, 'Study of effective factors on the use of banned drugs and ergogenic supplements inLorestan high school students', Yaftehhttp://yafte.lums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-94&slc_lang=en&sid=1. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
2% of the samples reported having high and very high knowledge about the ergogenic substances.
zahra Sarlak, ali Kashi 2009, 'Study of effective factors on the use of banned drugs and ergogenic supplements inLorestan high school students', Yaftehhttp://yafte.lums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-94&slc_lang=en&sid=1. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Polyphenols are thought to be an interesting ergogenic aid for exercise and recovery.
Gaëlle Deley, Damien Guillemet, François-André Allaert, Nicolas Babault 2017, 'An Acute Dose of Specific Grape and Apple Polyphenols Improves Endurance Performance:A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind versus Placebo Controlled Study', Nutrientshttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/8/917. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The results showed that snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance in non-tobacco users.
Thomas Zandonai, Enrico Tam, Paolo Bruseghini, Fabio Pizzolato, Loretta Franceschi,Massimo Baraldo, Carlo Capelli, Paola Cesari, Cristiano Chiamulera 2018, 'The effects of oral smokeless tobacco administration on endurance performance', Journal of Sport and Health Sciencehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254616301284. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Importantly, for all supplements an individualized approach may improve the ergogenic effect on performance.
Peter M. Christensen, Peter M. Christensen, Yusuke Shirai, Christian Ritz, NikolaiB. Nordsborg 2017, 'Caffeine and Bicarbonate for Speed. A Meta-Analysis of Legal Supplements Potentialfor Improving Intense Endurance Exercise Performance', Frontiers in Physiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2017.00240/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It may be an effective ergogenic aid in exercise training.
Tzu-Shao Yeh, Hsiao-Li Chuang, Wen-Ching Huang, Yi-Ming Chen, Chi-Chang Huang, Mei-ChichHsu 2014, 'Astragalus membranaceus Improves Exercise Performance and Ameliorates Exercise-InducedFatigue in Trained Mice', Moleculeshttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/3/2793. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It serves as a precursor of creatine with ergogenic potential.
Anju Meshram, Nidhi Srivastava 2015, 'DIVERSE POTENTIAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ARGININE', Journal of Proteins and Proteomicshttp://jpp.org.in/index.php/jpp/article/view/135/110. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)