Preexisting and opportunistic infections were common, particularly endoparasitism,followed by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections.
Josué Díaz-Delgado, Kátia R. Groch, Eva Sierra, Simona Sacchini, Daniele Zucca, ÓscarQuesada-Canales, Manuel Arbelo, Antonio Fernández, Elitieri Santos, Joana Ikeda, RafaelCarvalho, Alexandre F. Azevedo, Jose Lailson-Brito, Leonardo Flach, Rodrigo Ressio,Cristina T. Kanamura, Marcelo Sansone, Cíntia Favero, Brian F. Porter, Cinzia Centelleghe,Sandro Mazzariol, Ludovica Di Renzo, Gabriella Di Francesco, Giovanni Di Guardo, JoséLuiz Catão-Dias 2019, 'Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infectionamong Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans',PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0213363. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Bayesian inference and parsimony ancestral state reconstruction are used to map the evolution of endoparasitism across the eucharitid-perilampid clade.
John Heraty, Elizabeth Murray 2013, 'The life history of Pseudometagea schwarzii, with a discussion of the evolution ofendoparasitism and koinobiosis in Eucharitidae and Perilampidae (Chalcidoidea)', Journal of Hymenoptera Researchhttp://jhr.pensoft.net/lib/ajax_srv/article_elements_srv.php?action=download_pdf&item_id=1651. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
These findings suggest that the transition to endoparasitism led to relaxation of selective constraint in the strepsipteran genome.
Dino P McMahon, Alexander Hayward, Jeyaraney Kathirithamby 2011, 'The first molecular phylogeny of Strepsiptera (Insecta) reveals an early burst ofmolecular evolution correlated with the transition to endoparasitism.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3125182?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)