a type of protein present in cells that changes chemical energy into motor energy
motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin can attach vesicles to microtubules andpropel them over long distances by an ATP-dependent mechanism
b.
(as modifier)
dynein arms
Projecting from each A-tubule are two sets of dynein arms
Examples of 'dynein' in a sentence
dynein
We measured dynein motility by single molecule observation of recombinant dynein and dynactin.
Takuya Kobayashi, Takuya Miyashita, Takashi Murayama, Yoko Y. Toyoshima 2017, 'Dynactin has two antagonistic regulatory domains and exerts opposing effects on dyneinmotility', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0183672. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
A short peptide containing this motif was sufficient to pull down both clathrin and dynein.
Sigrid S Skånland, Sébastien Wälchli, Andreas Brech, Kirsten Sandvig 2009, 'SNX4 in complex with clathrin and dynein: implications for endosome movement.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2691479?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Taxol eliminates microtubule dynamics, alters spindle microtubule arrangements, and inhibits dynein motor activity in vivo.
Arthur Forer, Rozhan Sheykhani, Michael W. Berns, Michael W. Berns 2018, 'Anaphase Chromosomes in Crane-Fly Spermatocytes Treated With Taxol (Paclitaxel) AccelerateWhen Their Kinetochore Microtubules Are Cut: Evidence for Spindle Matrix InvolvementWith Spindle Forces', Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biologyhttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2018.00077/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, it remains unclear what roles dynein plays in α-synuclein degradation.
Da Li, Ji-Jun Shi, Cheng-Jie Mao, Sha Liu, Jian-Da Wang, Jing Chen, Fen Wang, Ya-PingYang, Wei-Dong Hu, Li-Fang Hu, Chun-Feng Liu 2013, 'Alteration of Dynein Function Affects α-Synuclein Degradation via the Autophagosome-LysosomePathway', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttp://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/12/24242. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Total loss of dynein arms was dominant.
Theegarten Dirk, Ebsen Michael 2011, 'Ultrastructural pathology of primary ciliary dyskinesia: report about 125 cases inGermany', Diagnostic Pathologyhttp://www.diagnosticpathology.org/content/6/1/115. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In particular defects of the inner arms (51.2%) and combined dynein defects (37.6%) were found.
Theegarten Dirk, Ebsen Michael 2011, 'Ultrastructural pathology of primary ciliary dyskinesia: report about 125 cases inGermany', Diagnostic Pathologyhttp://www.diagnosticpathology.org/content/6/1/115. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This suggests that dynein generates a tangential force that bends microtubules against stationary pinning points.
Ian A Kent, Parag S Rane, Richard B Dickinson, Anthony J C Ladd, Tanmay P Lele 2016, 'Transient Pinning and Pulling: A Mechanism for Bending Microtubules.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4790857?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Altogether, these findings identify how dynein helps define the dynamics of early endosomes.
Neftali Flores-Rodriguez, Salman S Rogers, David A Kenwright, Thomas A Waigh, PhilipG Woodman, Victoria J Allan 2011, 'Roles of dynein and dynactin in early endosome dynamics revealed using automated trackingand global analysis.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3167862?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The multi-functional molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein performs diverse essential roles during mitosis.
Sagar P Mahale, Amit Sharma, Sivaram V S Mylavarapu 2016, 'Dynein Light Intermediate Chain 2 Facilitates the Metaphase to Anaphase Transitionby Inactivating the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4956306?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Here, the displacements of single-headed cytoplasmic dynein were measured by optical tweezers.
Yoshimi Kinoshita, Taketoshi Kambara, Kaori Nishikawa, Motoshi Kaya, Hideo Higuchi 2018, 'Step Sizes and Rate Constants of Single-headed Cytoplasmic Dynein Measured with OpticalTweezers', Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-018-34549-7. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)