having no virulence, as a result of age, heat, etc.; nonpathogenic
Derived forms
avirulence
noun
Word origin
[1895–1900; a-6 + virulent]This word is first recorded in the period 1895–1900. Other words that entered Englishat around the same time include: backstage, backwind, calling card, cutback, freewheel
Examples of 'avirulent' in a sentence
avirulent
Importantly, all avirulent mutant strains lacked the ability to maintain proper sterol distribution.
Paula McCourt, Hsing-Yin Liu, Josie E. Parker, Christina Gallo-Ebert, Melissa Donigan,Adam Bata, Caroline Giordano, Steven L. Kelly, Joseph T. Nickels Jr 2016, 'Proper Sterol Distribution Is Required for Candida albicans Hyphal Formation and Virulence',G3: Genes, Genomes, Geneticshttp://g3journal.org/lookup/doi/10.1534/g3.116.033969. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Pathogenicity tests and molecular pathotyping revealed that the virus was avirulent in chickens.
Hyun-Jeong Lee, Ji-Ye Kim, Youn-Jeong Lee, Eun-Kyung Lee, Byoung-Min Song, Hee-SooLee, Kang-Seuk Choi 2017, 'A Novel Avian Paramyxovirus (Putative Serotype 15) Isolated from Wild Birds', Frontiers in Microbiologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00786/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It binds slightly more strongly to the avirulent form.
Abhimanyu K. Singh, M. Álvaro Berbís, Mónika Z. Ballmann, Michelle Kilcoyne, MargaritaMenéndez, Thanh H. Nguyen, Lokesh Joshi, F. Javier Cañada, Jesús Jiménez-Barbero,Mária Benkő, Balázs Harrach, Mark J. van Raaij 2015, 'Structure and Sialyllactose Binding of the Carboxy-Terminal Head Domain of the Fibrefrom a Siadenovirus, Turkey Adenovirus 3', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0139339. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, avirulent metacyclic forms were antigenically very similar.
Víctor T Contreras, Ana Rita De Lima, Gelu Zorrilla 1998, 'Trypanosoma cruzi: Maintenance in Culture Modify Gene and Antigenic Expression ofMetacyclic Trypomastigotes', Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02761998000600011. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Moreover, the mon1 deletion mutant was avirulent in the murine inhalation model.
Ye-Eun Son, Won-Hee Jung, Sang-Hun Oh, Jin-Hwan Kwak, Maria E. Cardenas, Hee-Soo Park 2018, 'Mon1 Is Essential for Fungal Virulence and Stress Survival in Cryptococcus neoformans',Mycobiologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2018.1468053. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
It was avirulent and elicited partial protection against systemic challenge only.
Susan M. Twine, Evguenii Vinogradov, Helena Lindgren, Anders Sjostedt, J. Wayne Conlan 2012, 'Roles for wbtC, wbtI, and kdtA Genes in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis, Protein Glycosylation,Virulence, and Immunogenicity in Francisella tularensis Strain SCHU S4', Pathogenshttp://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/1/1/12. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Also, avirulent genes in the parasite and resistance genes in soybean are indicated.
Vidić Miloš, Đorđević Vuk, Petrović Kristina, Miladinović Jegor 2013, 'Review of soybean resistance to pathogens', Ratarstvo i Povrtarstvohttp://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1821-3944/2013/1821-39441302052V.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Bacillus species are spore-forming bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and display a range of virulent and avirulent phenotypes.
Karla D Passalacqua, Anjana Varadarajan, Benjamin Byrd, Nicholas H Bergman 2009, 'Comparative transcriptional profiling of Bacillus cereus sensu lato strains duringgrowth in CO2-bicarbonate and aerobic atmospheres.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2654142?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Avirulent strains are among field isolates.
N. Kharkavlyuk, N. Matvienko, О. Kovbasiuk 2014, 'FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSMISSION AND SPREAD OF THE VIRUS SPRING VIREMIA OF CARP (CYPRINUSCARPIO)', Ribogospodarsʹka Nauka Ukraïnihttp://fsu.ua/index.php/en/2014/3-2014-29/2014-03-088-097. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Five genes and two insertion sequences are identified in high virulent strains but not in low virulent or avirulent strains.
Huihui Du, Rendong Fang, Tingting Pan, Tian Li, Nengzhang Li, Qiang He, Rui Wu, YuanyiPeng, Zeyang Zhou 2016, 'Comparative Genomics Analysis of Two Different Virulent Bovine Pasteurella multocidaIsolates', International Journal of Genomicshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4512493. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)