Neurotropic arboviral infections are an important cause of encephalitis.
Amy Y Vittor, Blas Armien, Publio Gonzalez, Jean-Paul Carrera, Claudia Dominguez,Anayansi Valderrama, Greg E Glass, Davis Beltran, Julio Cisneros, Eryu Wang, AlexCastillo, Brechla Moreno, Scott C Weaver 2016, 'Epidemiology of Emergent Madariaga Encephalitis in a Region with Endemic VenezuelanEquine Encephalitis: Initial Host Studies and Human Cross-Sectional Study in Darien,Panama.', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseaseshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4839771?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Poor socioeconomic conditions have been suggested as contributing factors of arboviral infection.
Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues, Regina Paiva Daumas, Andrea Sobral de Almeida,Reinaldo Souza Dos Santos, Isabella Koster, Pedro Pinheiro Rodrigues, Marcelly deFreitas Gomes, Auriane de Fátima Macedo, Alyssa Gerardi, Iúri da Costa Leite 2018, 'Risk factors for arbovirus infections in a low-income community of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil, 2015-2016.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5991716?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are among the most significant arboviral pathogens worldwide.
Konstantin A Tsetsarkin, Guangping Liu, Heather Kenney, Jose Bustos-Arriaga, ChristopherT Hanson, Stephen S Whitehead, Alexander G Pletnev 2015, 'Dual miRNA targeting restricts host range and attenuates neurovirulence of flaviviruses.',PLoS Pathogenshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4408003?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, few analyses have examined the associations between environmental factors and arboviral diseases.
Camila Lorenz, Thiago S Azevedo, Flávia Virginio, Breno S Aguiar, Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto,Lincoln Suesdek 2017, 'Impact of environmental factors on neglected emerging arboviral diseases.', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseaseshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5633201?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The main targets of the articles were arboviral diseases (65.8%) and malaria (16.5%).
Florence Fournet, Frédéric Jourdain, Emmanuel Bonnet, Stéphanie Degroote, Valéry Ridde 2018, 'Effective surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases in urban settings and translationof the data into action: a scoping review', Infectious Diseases of Povertyhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40249-018-0473-9. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.
Hélène Savini, Philippe Gautret, Jean Gaudart, Vanessa Field, Francesco Castelli,Rogelio López-Vélez, Poh Lian Lim, Marc Shaw, Frank von Sonnenburg, Louis Loutan,Fabrice Simon 2013, 'Travel-associated Diseases, Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010', Emerging Infectious Diseaseshttps://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/8/12-1739_article. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
For local arboviral surveillance, mosquitoes were tested.
M. Camille Harris, Eric J. Dotseth, Bryan Jackson, Steven D. Zink, Paul E. Marek,Laura D. Kramer, Sally L. Paulson, Dana M. Hawley 2015, 'La Crosse Virus in Aedes japonicus japonicus Mosquitoes in the Appalachian Region,United States', Emerging Infectious Diseaseshttps://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/4/14-0734_article. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This finding underscores the need for ongoing local level surveillance for arboviral outbreaks.
Laura B Tauro, Cristiane W Cardoso, Raquel L Souza, Leile CJ Nascimento, Daniela Rdos Santos, Gubio S Campos, Silvia Sardi, Olivete B dos Reis, Mitermayer G Reis, UrielKitron, Guilherme S Ribeiro 2019, 'A localized outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil', Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762019000100402&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Here, we assessed the potential of syndrome-based approaches for diagnosis and surveillance of neglected arboviral diseases in returning travelers.
Natalie B Cleton, Chantal B E M Reusken, Jiri F P Wagenaar, Elske E van der Vaart,Johan Reimerink, Annemiek A van der Eijk, Marion P G Koopmans 2015, 'Syndromic Approach to Arboviral Diagnostics for Global Travelers as a Basis for InfectiousDisease Surveillance.', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseaseshttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4570817?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Active hospital-based surveillance during periods of heightened sylvatic arboviral activity could increase detection of arboviral encephalitis.
Rosalie T. Trevejo 2004, 'Acute Encephalitis Hospitalizations, California, 1990–1999: Unrecognized ArboviralEncephalitis?', Emerging Infectious Diseaseshttps://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/8/03-0698_article. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)