Furthermore, knockdown of α-enolase decreased myogenic fusion of myoblasts.
Àngels Díaz-Ramos, Anna Roig-Borrellas, Ana García-Melero, Ana Llorens, Roser López-Alemany 2012, 'Requirement of Plasminogen Binding to Its Cell-Surface Receptor α-Enolase for EfficientRegeneration of Normal and Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle', PLoS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0050477. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In this work, we have studied the use of zinc to trigger myogenic differentiation.
Hayk Mnatsakanyan, Roser Sabater i Serra, Patricia Rico, Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez 2018, 'Zinc uptake promotes myoblast differentiation via Zip7 transporter and activationof Akt signalling transduction pathway', Scientific Reportshttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-018-32067-0. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Here we review the field of myogenic differentiation and highlight areas requiring further research.
Ramzey eAbujarour, Bahram eValamehr 2015, 'Generation of skeletal muscle cells from pluripotent stem cells: advances and challenges',Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biologyhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcell.2015.00029/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
However, the specific ion channel proteins mediating myogenic constriction are unknown.
Eok-Cheon Kim, Soo-Kyoung Choi, Mihwa Lim, Soo-In Yeon, Young-Ho Lee 2013, 'Role of endogenous ENaC and TRP channels in the myogenic response of rat posteriorcerebral arteries.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3877230?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Several lines of evidence suggest that impairment of mitochondrial function and activity blocks myogenic differentiation.
Akira Wagatsuma, Kunihiro Sakuma 2013, 'Mitochondria as a Potential Regulator of Myogenesis', The Scientific World Journalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/593267. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Muscle biopsy revealed myogenic lesion with abnormality of mitochondria and fat metabolism.
Yue Ying, Yue-Kai Hu, Jia-Lin Jin, Ji-Ming Zhang, Wen-Hong Zhang, Yu-Xian Huang 2018, 'Case report: lactic acidosis and rhabdomyolysis during telbivudine and tenofovir treatmentfor chronic hepatitis B', BMC Gastroenterologyhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12876-018-0773-3. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Matrix-treated animals ran ≥40% further, demonstrating functional regeneration, and expressed increased levels of myogenic transcripts.
Drew Kuraitis, Maria Grazia Berardinelli, Erik J. Suuronen, Antonio Musarò 2013, 'A necrotic stimulus is required to maximize matrix-mediated myogenesis in mice', Disease Models & Mechanismshttp://dmm.biologists.org/content/6/3/793. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
We searched for myogenic modulators from medicinal plants to treat muscle diseases.
Hyejin Lee, Sang-Jin Lee, Gyu-Un Bae, Nam-In Baek, Jae-Ha Ryu 2017, 'Canadine from Corydalis turtschaninovii Stimulates Myoblast Differentiation and Protectsagainst Myotube Atrophy', International Journal of Molecular Scienceshttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/12/2748. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Nevertheless, the in situ myogenic potential of adult c-kitpos cardiac cells has been questioned.
Bernardo Nadal-Ginard, Georgina M. Ellison, Daniele Torella 2014, 'The cardiac stem cell compartment is indispensable for myocardial cell homeostasis,repair and regeneration in the adult', Stem Cell Researchhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873506114000440. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Skeletal muscle contains two kinds of progenitor cells, myogenic progenitors and mesenchymal progenitors.
Teruyo Oishi, Akiyoshi Uezumi, Arihiko Kanaji, Naoki Yamamoto, Asami Yamaguchi, HarumotoYamada, Kunihiro Tsuchida 2013, 'Osteogenic differentiation capacity of human skeletal muscle-derived progenitor cells.',PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3572948?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)