Crustose coralline algae play a fundamental role in reef construction all over the world.
Alexandre Bigio Villas Bôas, Marcia A. de O. Figueiredo, Roberto Campos Villaça 2005, 'Colonization and growth of crustose coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) onthe Rocas Atoll', Brazilian Journal of Oceanographyhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-87592005000200005. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Random 30x30 cm quadrats (n=3) were scraped to collect all macroalgae except crustose species.
Victor de Souza Koutsoukos, Roberto Campos Villaça, Maria Teresa Menezes de Széchy 2015, 'THE STRUCTURE OF SUBTIDAL MACROALGAL ASSEMBLAGES AT THE TAMOIOS ECOLOGICAL STATION,A THREATENED CONSERVATION UNIT IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL', Brazilian Journal of Oceanographyhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-87592015000100071&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
This fluorescence distinguishes living coral from dead coral skeleton, crustose coralline algae, and sea algae.
Masahiko Sasano, Motonobu Imasato, Hiroya Yamano, Hiroyuki Oguma 2016, 'Development of a Regional Coral Observation Method by a Fluorescence Imaging LIDARInstalled in a Towable Buoy', Remote Sensinghttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/1/48. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Crustose coralline individual pieces were glued onto epoxy disks and their relative growth was estimated.
Frederico T. S. Tâmega, Marcia A. O. Figueiredo 2019, 'Colonization, Growth and Productivity of Crustose Coralline Algae in Sunlit Reefsin the Atlantic Southernmost Coral Reef', Frontiers in Marine Sciencehttps://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00081/full. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The builder community was dominated by crustose coralline algae, while the non-builder community was dominated by turf.
Vanessa Moura dos Reis, Cláudia Santiago Karez, Rodrigo Mariath, Fernando Coreixasde Moraes, Rodrigo Tomazetto de Carvalho, Poliana Silva Brasileiro, Ricardo da GamaBahia, Tito Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo, Laís Vieira Ramalho, Rodrigo Leão de Moura, RonaldoBastos Francini-Filho, Guilherme Henrique Pereira-Filho, Fabiano Lopes Thompson, AlexCardoso Bastos, Leonardo Tavares Salgado, Gilberto Menezes Amado-Filho 2016, 'Carbonate Production by Benthic Communities on Shallow Coralgal Reefs of AbrolhosBank, Brazil', PLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.0154417. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
By contrast, turf algae cover decreased from 63 to 24%, resulting in a corresponding increase in crustose coralline algae cover.
Ines Stuhldreier, Celeste Sánchez-Noguera, Florian Roth, Carlos Jiménez, Tim Rixen,Jorge Cortés, Christian Wild 2015, 'Dynamics in benthic community composition and influencing factors in an upwelling-exposedcoral reef on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica', PeerJhttps://peerj.com/articles/1434.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The lichen species represented morphologically diverse forms: crustose (38%), foliose (38%), fruticose (13%), dimorphous (5%), placodial (3%) and squamulose (3%).
Sylwia Kiercul 2015, 'Notes on the distribution of lichen biota of Podlasie. III. Nowosady village, Podlaskieprovince (north-eastern Poland)', Acta Mycologicahttps://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/am/article/view/4760. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The most numerous were crustose lichens.
Beata Guzow 2014, 'The lichen flora of the Malbork Castle (N. Polami)', Acta Mycologicahttps://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/am/article/view/3787. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Subsequently, substrates hospitable to coral recruitment, including crustose coralline algae, biofilmed terra-cotta andpolychaete tubes, declined.
Suzanne N Arnold, Robert S Steneck 2011, 'Settling into an increasingly hostile world: the rapidly closing "recruitment window"for corals.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3237487?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Crustose life-form and mesophytes prevailed everywhere.
Ekaterina V. Romanova 2013, 'Lichens in the Urban Environment within South-East of Western Siberia, Russia', Mongolian Journal of Biological Scienceshttp://mjbs.num.edu.mn/uploads/files/MJBS%20Volume%2011%20Number%201-2%20December%202013/pdf/mjbs_11-36-43-romanova-2013.pdf. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)