单词 | administration |
释义 | administrationad‧min‧is‧tra‧tion /ədˌmɪnəˈstreɪʃən/ ●●○ S3 W3 AWL noun Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► government Collocations [countable, uncountable] the group of people who govern a country or the system they use to govern it: · The French government did not sign the agreement.· a democratic system of government ► administration [countable] the government of a country, especially one such as the US, which is led by a president: · the Kennedy administration· the problems left by the previous administration ► regime [countable] a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of: · Most people opposed the apartheid regime. ► the executive [singular] the part of the government that makes sure that laws and decisions work well: · the separation of powers between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary ► democracy [countable, uncountable] a political system in which everyone can vote to choose the government, or a country that has this system: · The transition to democracy has not been easy.· In a democracy, people have freedom of speech. ► republic [countable] a country that has an elected government, and is led by a president, not a king or queen: · Mauritius became a republic in 1992. ► monarchy [countable, uncountable] the system of having a king or queen as the head of state, or a country that has this system: · Some monarchies have elected governments.· controversy about the institution of monarchy Longman Language Activatorthe people who govern a country► government the people who govern a country, state, or local area, and who make all the important decisions about taxes, laws, relationships with other countries etc: · The government has promised to cut taxes.· Unemployment is a problem that many Western governments continue to face.government of: · the city government of Los Angeles· The newspaper, La Prensa, was shut down for nearly two years because of its criticism of government policies.the French/Japanese/Russian etc government: · The French government strongly condemned the killings.local/central/federal etc government (=the government of a town or city, or a country): · The local government has been unable to meet the demand for affordable housing.· It has been difficult for the central government to conduct elections in remote areas. ► administration the government of a country - use this especially to talk about the national government of the United States: the administration: · The new administration has been strongly criticized for its handling of the affair.· The administration also proposed $600 million in tax breaks for small businesses.the Kennedy/Clinton etc administration (=the government when this person is president): · The Eisenhower administration refused to take military action in Vietnam. ► the authorities the people or organizations that have the power to decide what people are allowed to do in a country or area: · The country is facing famine, and the authorities are doing little to prevent it.the South African/Mexican/Swiss etc authorities: · The South African authorities arrested Mandela in August 1962.local/federal authorities (=the authorities in a community, town or city, or in a whole country): · On January 12, the local authorities decided that the strike had gone on long enough.· Federal authorities said that no one has claimed responsibility for the bombing as of yet. ► the state the government, the police, the courts etc, considered as a single group that has the power to control what people do: · At that time, the state controlled nearly every aspect of people's lives.· The programs are funded by the state.state-run (=owned and controlled by the state): · CBC, the state-run broadcasting company ► the powers that be informal the people in government responsible for making decisions - use this especially if you think that they have too much power or that they use their power badly: · The powers that be do not seem interested in solving the city's transportation problems. ► regime the group of people who are in charge of the government of a country - use this especially about a government you disapprove of because it was not elected to power: · The military regime refused to recognize the elections.· The US supported several right-wing regimes in central America. WORD SETS► Basicsadmin, nounadministration, nounadministrative, adjectiveadministrator, nounagency, nounagent, nounbalance sheet, nounbazaar, nounbid, nounbid, verbbig business, nounbook value, nounboss, nounbottom line, nounbranch, nouncapacity, nouncapital, nouncapital assets, nouncapital gains, nouncapital goods, nouncapital-intensive, adjectivecapitalist, nouncard, nouncentralize, verbcompetitiveness, nounconsultancy, nouncontract, nouncontract, verbcost-effective, adjectivecoupon, nouncritical path, noundecentralize, verbdeveloper, noundistiller, noundistributor, noundiversify, verbdownsize, verbeconomics, nounenterprise, nounentrepreneur, nounestablishment, nounfashion, nounfly-by-night, adjectivefold, verbfoodstuff, nounform letter, nounfranchise, verbfranchisee, noungazump, verbgearing, noungeneric, adjectiveget, verbhard sell, nounhaute couture, nounhigh season, nounhigh technology, nounhike, nounhike, verbloss, nounlow-tech, adjectivemaximize, verbMD, nounmerchandise, verbmerchandising, nounmerger, nounmiddleman, nounmiller, nounmission statement, nounmom-and-pop, adjectivemoneygrabbing, adjectivemoneymaker, noun-monger, suffixmonopolistic, adjectivemonopoly, nounnet, adjectivenet, verbniche, nounoff-the-peg, adjectiveopening time, nounoperation, nounoperational, adjectiveoperator, nounoption, nounoutlay, nounoutlet, nounoutput, nounoutwork, nounoverhead, nounoverstock, verbpackage, nounpartner, nounpartnership, nounpatent, nounpayola, nounpercentage, nounpiracy, nounpremium, nounprivate practice, nounprivatization, nounprivatize, verbprofitability, nounproprietor, nounproprietress, nounpurchase price, nounpurchasing power, nounquiet, adjectiveR & D, nounrate of return, nounrecall, verbreject, nounrep, nounresearch and development, nounrestrictive practices, nounrevenue, nounsell, verbservice industry, nounsleeping partner, nounspeculate, verbspeculation, nounspeculative, adjectivestreet value, nounsubtotal, nounswap meet, nounsweatshop, nounsyndicate, nounsystems analyst, nountake, nountender, nountie-up, nounTM, transact, verbtransaction, nounturnover, nounundersell, verbuneconomic, adjectiveunit, noununprofitable, adjectivevideo conferencing, nounwatchdog, nounwheeler-dealer, nounwheeling and dealing, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► the administration Word family (=the people who do this work) the college administration COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► central· Each of the union republics has a constitution and state structure modelled broadly on that of the central administration.· The central administration of the temple, presumably the priesthood, redistributed the produce.· The central administration of the Modular Course has always been keenly aware of the burden falling on Field Chairs.· It seems clear therefore that the central administration was unable at this time to exercise effective financial control over the Forest wardens.· Rather than a unified central administration, there is a loose confederation of ministries.· The major change in the central administration was the removal of Rotherham as chancellor.· What has also emerged, however, is that private sector attitudes and techniques can not easily be transplanted into central administration. ► colonial· With respect to other aspects of colonial administration, his proposals were a little bolder.· The local magnates exercised a limited but real authority entirely independent of the colonial administration.· Nor was Britain the only colonial power to incorporate existing native rulers into a system of colonial administration.· It meant that colonial administrations had an extremely difficult time controlling these peoples.· Furthermore, much of the writing and even foreign staff in conservation institutions are derived directly from colonial administrations.· Decolonisation meant that, by and large, independent states were created out of existing areas of colonial administration, within their colonial frontiers. ► local· He was involved in the establishing of local administration, churches and schools.· But remodelling the local administration had little effect; real power remained in the hands of the leading citizens of Mondovi.· There was never much doubt about which language the colonial rulers would use in local administration.· The Group provides advice, training and research in local government administration.· The study area, Dunrossness, as defined by the local administration is not such an area.· High-ranking officials were said to be rigging privatization to their own advantage, using their influence in local administrations.· They have links with political bigwigs and the local administration, which is all the qualification needed to get into the business.· Parliament as the law-making body does not take part in the local administration of its laws. ► new· The new Conservative administration in 1979 wished to go further.· Her appointment will make her one of the highest-ranking women in the new administration.· These new administrations will later form the basis for elected regional governments.· Emerson concedes that the new Clinton administration sometimes failed to communicate effectively.· The new administration moved with surprising caution in such areas as civil rights and social reform.· Jack Kennedy summoning Robert Frost to deliver an inauguration poem and confer a bardic benediction on the new administration.· He insisted that his new administration could command a majority in the country's 38-member legislature.· Despite our differences, I had no need or desire to slam the new administration. ► previous· In 1979 the government announced that it was determined, unlike the previous Labour administration, to control and reduce public expenditure.· These are not necessarily merely the left-over business from a previous administration.· Arbel was appointed by the previous administration.· A cordon of armour was parked around newspapers and broadcasting stations, and key members of the previous administration were arrested.· Matrix appeared to be a very, very high priority for the previous administration.· Both men have stated they will not carry out a witchhunt against members of the previous administration.· No explanation of what private-sector reforms that have not been tried by previous administrations might be considered now. ► public· We are helping to improve public administration and the legal system in a number of countries.· Ventresca holds degrees in public administration and government from the University of San Francisco.· All persons engaged in public administration serve in a special legal relationship whereby the public law institution is the employer.· Local public administration clearly needs to be seen in the context of the broader political, social and economic system.· Spending cuts would especially affect public administration and, within the social welfare budget, the level of payments on sickness benefit.· Wolfe argues that this contradiction has three consequences for public administration.· Another practical application soon followed, in the field of public administration.· In comparison with these industries, retail trade and public administration have experienced limited job growth. NOUN► bush· Under the Bush administration, State Department officials met the delegates only at the beginning and end of each round.· Under the Reagan and Bush administrations, this displeasure took the form of refusing to pay our assessed financial contribution.· This flies in the face of the cautious nature of the Bush administration.· This is a worldwide treaty, negotiated by the Reagan administration and signed by the Bush administration.· Until now the Bush administration has refused to participate in such a programme.· It expired April 30, but the Bush administration wants to extend it.· In the meantime, having placated conservative critics, the Bush administration is waiting.· The Bush administration answered yes, and produced new evidence in support. ► business· Some of the group are aiming for further education in business administration, or in other areas such as leisure and tourism.· Many industrial production managers have a college degree in business administration or industrial engineering.· Clear definitions covering fields of accountancy, marketing, production and business administration.· He continued to work there while he pursued a degree in business administration from Philadelphia University.· Initially awards are available in business administration, hospitality, and leisure and tourism.· When he graduated from Northwood University with excellent training in business administration, I felt so proud.· He was educated in a Nonconformist academy; his abilities lay in mathematics, engineering, and business administration.· A degree in business administration or engineering management is especially useful for becoming a general manager. ► carter· In foreign policy the Carter administration had a mixed record.· C., who has worked for four presidents and served as a consultant on executive office reorganization for the Carter administration.· The emphasis on local economic development gained its fullest expression during the Carter administration.· There was a huge gap between aim and achievement in the Carter administration.· Then the Carter administration lavished yet more money and mobilized the federal government anew in yet another massive drive for passage. ► official· It should include congressional leaders as well as administration officials.· Chernomyrdin denied that Moscow had authorized transfer of the giant missile, administration officials said. WORD FAMILYnounadministrationadministratoradjectiveadministrativeverbadministrateadverbadministratively 1[uncountable] the activities that are involved in managing the work of a company or organization: We’re looking for someone with experience in administration. The health service spends too much on administration.the administration (=the people who do this work) the college administration2[countable] the government of a country at a particular time: the Kennedy Administration The problem has been ignored by successive administrations.► see thesaurus at government3[uncountable] the act of administering something, especially a law, test, or medicineadministration of the administration of justice the administration of sedatives |
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