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单词 above
释义
above1 adverb, prepositionabove2 adjective
abovea‧bove1 /əˈbʌv/ ●●● S2 W1 adverb, preposition Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Big-screen TVs are defined as 27 inches or above.
  • Christine Liddell, above, talks to Santa.
  • None of the organizations mentioned above answered our inquiries.
  • officers of the rank of Major and above
  • See the rates listed above.
  • students of above-average ability
  • The cereal goes in the cabinet above.
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatora number or amount that is approximately right
· There was a light above the table.· Above his bed is a picture of two old men sitting on a park bench.· During my last year of college, I lived in a little apartment above a grocery store.directly above · We looked up and saw a helicopter hovering directly above us.the floor/apartment above (=above where you are) · We could hear noises in the room above.from above (=seen from above) · The light came from above them and to their right.above sea level (=used when describing how high a place is) · Mexico City is 2400 metres above sea level.
directly above something or moving in the air above it: · The sign over the door said 'Employees Only'.· A thick layer of smoke hung over the city.· About 400 fans jumped over barricades and invaded the playing field.· As the planes flew over, Selim could see the Russian markings on their wings.· Riot police fired over the heads of the demonstrators.
in the sky directly above your head: · A flock of birds passed overhead.· Suddenly, they heard the rumble of thunder overhead.
: up in/on/there etc in a higher position than where you are: · I found some old pictures of my mother up in the attic.· Are you able to see up there or do you need a flashlight?
on a higher floor of a building, above where you are: · The bathroom is upstairs on your left.· Don't you think the woman upstairs is kind of strange?
if something such as a tree or a rock overhangs something, it sticks out over it: · The bird was sitting on a branch overhanging the water.· An ancient vine overhangs the terrace.
unable to escape
use this to emphasize that something is more important or happens more with one particular thing than any others: · This disease mostly affects women, particularly women over 50.· Paris is always full of tourists, especially during the summer months.especially/particularly if/when: · Allow plenty of time for your visa to be processed, especially if you are applying by mail.especially/particularly good/important/difficult etc: · This is a particularly good example of the problem we've been discussing.
spoken especially - used in conversation: · I bought it specially for you.· We specially wanted to see the Eiffel Tower and Montmartre.specially if/when: · You really need a car - specially when you live a long way from the nearest town.
use in particular to mention one person or thing that is more important or more interesting than all similar things: · Mary loves most classical music, in particular Bach and Vivaldi.· Kids in particular will love the rides and shows.anything/anyone/anywhere etc in particular: · Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about?
use above all to emphasize that something is more important than all the other things you have mentioned: · Get plenty of sleep, eat lots of good food, and above all try to relax.· John felt sad, embarrassed, but above all angry that Anna could treat him like this.
more than anything or anyone else: · Swimming and soccer are fun, but I like dancing most of all.· He was friendly and intelligent, but most of all he was a good worker.· Out of everybody at school she was the person who helped me most of all.
especially not: · She told no one, least of all her husband, what she planned to do.· Nobody wants to stop you from following the career of your choice, least of all me.
formal use this to say that someone or something is an important example of what you are talking about: · The use of illegal drugs - notably marijuana - has increased in recent years.most notably: · A number of respected philosophers, most notably Leibniz, criticized Newton's theories.
spoken more than anyone else - use this when someone has said or done something you think is very surprising or unlikely for them to do or say: · You of all people shouldn't be calling him worthless.· Why is Jennifer Stern, of all people, so important?
more than any other person: · You more than anyone should know how difficult it is to raise a child alone.· Freud, more than anyone, was responsible for the establishment of psychology as a science.
if you give special or particular care, attention, or interest to something, you give it more attention than usual or more attention than you give anything else: special/particular care/attention/interest: · You should pay particular attention to spelling.· Special care must be taken to reward children appropriately for good behavior.
ways of stating the main reason for something or the main part of something
use this to say what the main reason for something or the main part of something is: · I was asked to lead the meeting mainly because Kristin is out of town.· My new job's fairly boring - it's mainly typing.· The company sells its batteries mainly through electronics stores.
largely and chiefly mean the same as mainly , but they are used especially in written or formal English: · The bird lives chiefly on mice and other small animals.· The report says that drug use is largely responsible for the 40% rise in the city's homicide rate.· Money raised by the new tax is to be used chiefly for road construction.
firstly and most importantly: · Foreign aid is intended principally for the south of the region.· The agency is primarily concerned with making sure the nation's food supplies are safe.· She has a degree in anthropology, but she's primarily a writer.
most importantly compared to other things, especially ones you have just mentioned: · Above all, she will be remembered for all the work she did in the community.· Teaching history means above all knowing how to tell a story.
use this to say that something is the most important thing, and needs to be dealt with before anything else and given attention before anything else: · First and foremost, they are looking for ways to save money.· What children need first and foremost from their parents is a sense of security.
more than a number, amount, age etc
more than a number or amount: more than: · I've been working here for more than fifteen years.· More than 50,000 people attended the concert, which was held in Central Park.much more/far more/a lot more/even more: · Rented accommodation costs much more in New York.· Sales executives earn about $200,000 a year, and those higher up the ladder can earn a lot more.no more than/not more than: · The discussion lasted no more than 30 minutes.10/100/$50 etc more: · It's a better hotel, but it costs about £50 more than the other one.or more: · He could receive a prison sentence of five years or more.
more than that number or amount - use this especially when it is not important to say exactly how much more: · I had to wait over half an hour for the train this morning.· We receive over 2,000 applications a year.· It's hot out there - I'd say it's over 90.just over (=slightly over): · She weighs just over 180 pounds.well over/way over (=a lot more) informal: · Well over 30 schools took part in the fund-raising walk.· She was driving way over the speed limit.3/10/12 etc and over (=including and over a particular age): · NCI recommends that women aged 40 years and over are checked every two years.
more than a number or level on a scale that can be exactly measured: · The temperature is about 2 degrees above zero.just above (=slightly above): · High speed trains average just above 150 mph.well/way above (=a lot more) informal: · The government promised to increase teachers' pay well above the rate of inflation.above average (=more than usual): · All the students in the group were found to have above average IQ scores.3/10/12 etc and above (=including and above a particular figure): · A score of 70 and above indicates good spatial and map-reading skills.
formal more than a particular number or amount, especially a number: · Scientists have discovered eight craters on Venus with diameters greater than 100 km.· Imagine a device that could send a signal at a speed greater than the speed of light. be greater than: · Economic growth this year is predicted to be greater than 1.5%.be much/far/even greater than: · By the 1940s, the volume of domestic trade was much greater than trade with other countries.
more than another number, amount, age etc - use this especially when the other number etc is a particular level or limit: · Inflation has now risen beyond the acceptable level of 5%.· In a number of professions, it is possible to continue working beyond retirement age.
formal more than an amount or number - used especially in official documents, instructions, or reports: · The cyclone was travelling at speeds in excess of 21 mph.be in excess of: · The population is now estimated to be in excess of 40 million.well in excess of (=a lot more) informal: · The fire has caused well in excess of $500,000 worth of damage.
also upward of American use this when the number or amount you mention is the lower limit, and there is possibly even more than that: · The Reynolds collection is valued at upward of $20 million. 10/$300/5 years etc and upwards: · The performance is suitable for children of 7 years and upwards.
: 10/100/1,500 etc plus at least 10, 100 etc and more than that: · The drugs have a street value of $30,000 plus.· It took me three hours to back up the computer's 400-plus megabyte memory.
to be in a higher position than someone else
in a higher position than someone else in an organization or company: · It's not the staff that are the problem. It's the people above them.· The next person above him is the sales manager.
to be in a higher position than someone else in an organization or company: · Technically I'm senior to Smith, but we do more or less the same job.· The men said they had no problems taking orders from women senior to them in rank.
your superior in the organization you work for is the person who has a higher rank than you: · He failed to follow a direct order from his superior.· Women who have been harassed by male superiors often don't complain because they are afraid of losing their jobs.
also rank American to be in a higher position in an organization, especially the army: · Successful sales staff will outrank less successful workers, regardless of qualifications.· Because Barnett ranks him, they have to be discreet about their romance.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY
 The great bird hovered high above our heads.
(=higher than the temperature at which water freezes) Tonight, temperatures should be just above freezing.
 free medical care for pensioners aged 65 and above Prize winners must have gained marks of 80% or above.
 The salaries we offer are well above (=much higher than) average.
(=used to say that something is more important than anything else) Max is hard-working, cheerful, and above all honest.
 medals awarded for bravery above and beyond the call of duty (=greater than it is your duty to show)
 officers of the rank of Major and above
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
 Peter stayed below deck.
(=higher, better, or more successful than expected)· Economic growth last month was above expectations.
 28% of children tested below the norm.
 Car sales are still below normal for the time of year.
 The results are shown in Table 7a (see below).
 Karen was definitely getting ideas above her station (=higher than her social rank).
(=be so honest that you are never thought to have done something wrong)· He regarded his friend Henry as being above suspicion.
· The school’s performance was well above average.
(=only a little louder than a whisper)· 'Not me', he said, in a voice barely above a whisper.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· Again, both groups are above average in logical thinking, preferring to make decisions based on facts.· An analyst at Merrill Lynch & Co. lowered the managed-care provider to hold from above average on an intermediate-term basis.· The figures for black youngsters excluded indefinitely and for a fixed period were also above average.· Pay above average within the industry and geographic area 2.· He was a slight man, a little above average height, but by no means a. prime physical specimen.· Similarly, most middle managers are average or above average in intelligence.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • The motives were above reproach since a large sum was raised for deserving charities every year.
  • You must be above suspicion of any impropriety.
  • Ever since he'd given her that power of attorney she'd been getting above herself.
  • I was thought to be getting above myself because I refused to sight read a scene.
  • What was Cambridge, after all, but a small town which had got above itself?
► not be above (doing) somethingPHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
  • The lasagna at Bella Mia is a cut above other restaurants' versions.
  • All were a cut above the Polynesian houses.
  • Apparently this feller was a cut above the average.
  • Cutting edge: A small Stockton hair salon is proving it is a cut above the rest in competitions.
  • Morton was a cut above the average nob, that was for sure.
  • She had quickly realized that he was a cut above the other men at the table.
  • Temperatures remained below freezing during the afternoon.
  • And when the temperature goes much below freezing, the EV1 barely goes at all.
  • It roots out vines, truffles for lemon trees painfully heated by charcoal to three degrees above freezing.
  • It should show frost when outside temperatures are below freezing.
  • Temperatures had, for several days, been near 00F at night, and it was well below freezing now.
  • Thanks to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream, the climate is also mild, temperatures rarely dropping much below freezing.
  • The snow may crust at night, due to outward radiation, even thought the air temperature remains well above freezing point.
  • When she complained to a doctor that it was down below freezing she could not have been nearer the mark.
  • Yet it was not really cold here; the temperature was well above freezing point.
  • Although I've been out of a job for three months, I've managed to keep my head above water.
  • I'm just a pensioner, trying to keep my head above water.
  • I work full time, but we're still just keeping our heads above water.
  • If I get this raise, we'll just about keep our heads above water until next year.
  • Schools throughout the county are struggling to keep their heads above water.
  • But that will provide small comfort to poor people struggling now to keep their heads above water.
  • Coun Bergg, we are happy to report, is alive and well and keeping his head above water.
  • In reality, Diana was struggling to keep her head above water, let alone undertake a radical management restructuring programme.
  • It became increasingly difficult to keep his head above water.
  • Pensioners already fighting to keep their heads above water are being asked to pay extra council tax to fund the refugee crisis.
  • The wind and waves pushed me along as I struggled to keep my head above water.
  • We all do, really, and we're keeping our heads above water most beautifully.
  • But the surgery has given him confidence to stand head and shoulders above the rest.
  • Jackson stood head and shoulders above his confreres, and..
  • The fourth, who stood head and shoulders above them, was older.
  • Though short, he stands head and shoulders above most.
  • A young man died, and nobody is above the law.
  • But Democrats applauded, generally taking the pious view that the White House can never be above the law.
  • County Administrator Wang thought he was above the law.
  • Judges declare Jockey Club is above the law.
  • One of the negative reminders of Watergate is that the highest officials of government often are above the law.
  • The great judge Lord Denning in a historic judgment once said that no one, however mighty, was above the law.
  • The city has spent $2 million over and above budgeted funds for the new stadium.
  • A second response has been the setting of separate targets for each field, over and above those for home students.
  • By 1910 the inhabitants of Britain consumed a million tons of meat over and above home produce.
  • Each year, industry spends at least £125 million on charitable activities over and above straight forward donations.
  • In every site I visited, these funds were over and above the schools' routine costs of doing business.
  • Proposals over and above the levels so indicated constitute new policy proposals.
  • Rewards are offered to all participants on an equal basis and these rewards are over and above the normal sales compensation.
  • The unpaid volunteers will not wear uniforms and will not have any special powers over and above those of ordinary citizens.
  • We deserve to be punished because we considered ourselves over and above the deceased.
► put/stick your head above the parapet
  • By the end of the show, the contestants are perched on piles of pillows of varying heights.
  • He was perched on top of a huge cage, looking at the visitors.
  • He went straight into the bedroom, to the wall where the painted Asiatic doll was perched on the sideboard.
  • It was perched on a small promontory to the east of the town, overlooking the bay.
  • Rows of large silent birds are perched on the mountain ledges - vultures.
  • Steph and Joe are perched on their seats, leaning forward, alternately yelling plays and screaming at the officials.
  • The old medieval part is perched on a hilltop, the modern quarters, below.
  • Their house was perched on the brink of a canyon.
► punch above your weight
  • Vernon's work in the community has been beyond reproach.
  • But Jones' track record had always been above reproach.
  • He had a steely streak but his morals and scruples were beyond reproach.
  • He talked of her as a goddess beyond reproach who was being restrained against her will.
  • His boxing skills are beyond reproach.
  • Like Eleanor Roosevelt, Hillary Clinton is a strong individual whose public decorum is usually above reproach.
  • Noah himself is beyond reproach, it is true.
  • The Alumni Club typically enjoys a reputation beyond reproach.
  • The motives were above reproach since a large sum was raised for deserving charities every year.
1in a higher position than something else SYN  over OPP  below:  Our office is above the hairdresser’s. He had a bruise just above his left eye. I heard a strange noise coming from the room above. The great bird hovered high above our heads.2more than a particular number, amount, or level OPP  below:  50 metres above sea levelabove freezing/zero (=higher than the temperature at which water freezes) Tonight, temperatures should be just above freezing.and/or above free medical care for pensioners aged 65 and above Prize winners must have gained marks of 80% or above. The salaries we offer are well above (=much higher than) average.3to a greater degree than something else:  Many employers value personality above experience or qualifications.above all (else) (=used to say that something is more important than anything else) Max is hard-working, cheerful, and above all honest. medals awarded for bravery above and beyond the call of duty (=greater than it is your duty to show)4louder or clearer than other sounds:  You can always hear her voice above everybody else’s.5higher in rank, power, or importance OPP  below:  He never rose above the rank of corporal.and/or above officers of the rank of Major and abovefrom above (=from people in higher authority) We just obey orders from above.6formal before, in the same piece of writing OPP  below:  As mentioned above, there is a service charge. Write to the address above for further information.7not be above (doing) something to not be too good or honest to do something:  Eileen’s not above flirting with the boss when it suits her.8be above suspicion/reproach/criticism etc to be so good that no one can doubt or criticize you:  Even the king’s closest advisers were not above suspicion.9get above yourself to think you are better or more important than you really are → over and above at over1(14), → be above the law at law(13)
above1 adverb, prepositionabove2 adjective
aboveabove2 ●●○ W3 adjective Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • City offices in the above counties will be closed Wednesday.
  • The above diagram shows a diesel car engine.
  • Write to the above address for more information.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • Applicants for certificates must notify the Society if any of the above cases apply.
  • Groscost has answers for all of the above.
  • On receipt of the above recommendations, a special committee of the National Leprosy Fund was appointed to review the report.
  • President Clinton does not support any of the above amendments.
  • The above woman's reference number is 105375.
  • To gain the award candidates must choose any one of the above sectors and also complete their 3 Business Administration units.
  • What is clear is that, in the above passage, he is not making the objection against himself.
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatora number or amount that is approximately right
· There was a light above the table.· Above his bed is a picture of two old men sitting on a park bench.· During my last year of college, I lived in a little apartment above a grocery store.directly above · We looked up and saw a helicopter hovering directly above us.the floor/apartment above (=above where you are) · We could hear noises in the room above.from above (=seen from above) · The light came from above them and to their right.above sea level (=used when describing how high a place is) · Mexico City is 2400 metres above sea level.
directly above something or moving in the air above it: · The sign over the door said 'Employees Only'.· A thick layer of smoke hung over the city.· About 400 fans jumped over barricades and invaded the playing field.· As the planes flew over, Selim could see the Russian markings on their wings.· Riot police fired over the heads of the demonstrators.
in the sky directly above your head: · A flock of birds passed overhead.· Suddenly, they heard the rumble of thunder overhead.
: up in/on/there etc in a higher position than where you are: · I found some old pictures of my mother up in the attic.· Are you able to see up there or do you need a flashlight?
on a higher floor of a building, above where you are: · The bathroom is upstairs on your left.· Don't you think the woman upstairs is kind of strange?
if something such as a tree or a rock overhangs something, it sticks out over it: · The bird was sitting on a branch overhanging the water.· An ancient vine overhangs the terrace.
before someone or something else in a list, line, series etc
before something or someone else in a list, series, or set: · I think you were before me in line, weren't you?· Islington station is one stop before Finsbury Park on the Victoria Line.
to happen or exist before something or someone else: · Churchill was a much stronger leader than the man who came before him.· A planning session at eleven-thirty will precede the noon lunch discussion.be preceded by something: · Witnesses say the fire was preceded by a loud explosion.· In most cases the illness is preceded by vomiting and chills.
before another person in a group of people who are waiting to do something: · The man in front of me looked very familiar.· There were about fifty people ahead of us waiting for tickets.
coming before the one that you are dealing with now: · The previous chapter examined how children learn language.· Each number in the series 2 - 4 - 8 - 16 is twice as large as the previous number.
coming at some time before the one you have just mentioned - use this especially about something that is very different from what is happening now: · He used a lot more color in his earlier paintings.· The play lacks the wit and energy of Jergen's earlier work.
the thing that comes before another in a series: · When you're in prison, every day feels just like the one before.
formal coming before the thing you have just mentioned, or the part of a book where you are now: · The preceding chapters have described several key events in recent French history.· In the preceding section of the poem, Whitman is talking about how important it is to live in the present.
written use this to talk about a person or thing that was mentioned earlier: · Write to the above address for more information.· The above diagram shows a diesel car engine.the above (=the people or things mentioned earlier): · Contact any of the above for more details.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
 Peter stayed below deck.
(=higher, better, or more successful than expected)· Economic growth last month was above expectations.
 28% of children tested below the norm.
 Car sales are still below normal for the time of year.
 The results are shown in Table 7a (see below).
 Karen was definitely getting ideas above her station (=higher than her social rank).
(=be so honest that you are never thought to have done something wrong)· He regarded his friend Henry as being above suspicion.
· The school’s performance was well above average.
(=only a little louder than a whisper)· 'Not me', he said, in a voice barely above a whisper.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
  • The lasagna at Bella Mia is a cut above other restaurants' versions.
  • All were a cut above the Polynesian houses.
  • Apparently this feller was a cut above the average.
  • Cutting edge: A small Stockton hair salon is proving it is a cut above the rest in competitions.
  • Morton was a cut above the average nob, that was for sure.
  • She had quickly realized that he was a cut above the other men at the table.
  • Temperatures remained below freezing during the afternoon.
  • And when the temperature goes much below freezing, the EV1 barely goes at all.
  • It roots out vines, truffles for lemon trees painfully heated by charcoal to three degrees above freezing.
  • It should show frost when outside temperatures are below freezing.
  • Temperatures had, for several days, been near 00F at night, and it was well below freezing now.
  • Thanks to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream, the climate is also mild, temperatures rarely dropping much below freezing.
  • The snow may crust at night, due to outward radiation, even thought the air temperature remains well above freezing point.
  • When she complained to a doctor that it was down below freezing she could not have been nearer the mark.
  • Yet it was not really cold here; the temperature was well above freezing point.
  • Although I've been out of a job for three months, I've managed to keep my head above water.
  • I'm just a pensioner, trying to keep my head above water.
  • I work full time, but we're still just keeping our heads above water.
  • If I get this raise, we'll just about keep our heads above water until next year.
  • Schools throughout the county are struggling to keep their heads above water.
  • But that will provide small comfort to poor people struggling now to keep their heads above water.
  • Coun Bergg, we are happy to report, is alive and well and keeping his head above water.
  • In reality, Diana was struggling to keep her head above water, let alone undertake a radical management restructuring programme.
  • It became increasingly difficult to keep his head above water.
  • Pensioners already fighting to keep their heads above water are being asked to pay extra council tax to fund the refugee crisis.
  • The wind and waves pushed me along as I struggled to keep my head above water.
  • We all do, really, and we're keeping our heads above water most beautifully.
  • But the surgery has given him confidence to stand head and shoulders above the rest.
  • Jackson stood head and shoulders above his confreres, and..
  • The fourth, who stood head and shoulders above them, was older.
  • Though short, he stands head and shoulders above most.
  • A young man died, and nobody is above the law.
  • But Democrats applauded, generally taking the pious view that the White House can never be above the law.
  • County Administrator Wang thought he was above the law.
  • Judges declare Jockey Club is above the law.
  • One of the negative reminders of Watergate is that the highest officials of government often are above the law.
  • The great judge Lord Denning in a historic judgment once said that no one, however mighty, was above the law.
  • The city has spent $2 million over and above budgeted funds for the new stadium.
  • A second response has been the setting of separate targets for each field, over and above those for home students.
  • By 1910 the inhabitants of Britain consumed a million tons of meat over and above home produce.
  • Each year, industry spends at least £125 million on charitable activities over and above straight forward donations.
  • In every site I visited, these funds were over and above the schools' routine costs of doing business.
  • Proposals over and above the levels so indicated constitute new policy proposals.
  • Rewards are offered to all participants on an equal basis and these rewards are over and above the normal sales compensation.
  • The unpaid volunteers will not wear uniforms and will not have any special powers over and above those of ordinary citizens.
  • We deserve to be punished because we considered ourselves over and above the deceased.
► put/stick your head above the parapet
  • By the end of the show, the contestants are perched on piles of pillows of varying heights.
  • He was perched on top of a huge cage, looking at the visitors.
  • He went straight into the bedroom, to the wall where the painted Asiatic doll was perched on the sideboard.
  • It was perched on a small promontory to the east of the town, overlooking the bay.
  • Rows of large silent birds are perched on the mountain ledges - vultures.
  • Steph and Joe are perched on their seats, leaning forward, alternately yelling plays and screaming at the officials.
  • The old medieval part is perched on a hilltop, the modern quarters, below.
  • Their house was perched on the brink of a canyon.
► punch above your weight
  • Vernon's work in the community has been beyond reproach.
  • But Jones' track record had always been above reproach.
  • He had a steely streak but his morals and scruples were beyond reproach.
  • He talked of her as a goddess beyond reproach who was being restrained against her will.
  • His boxing skills are beyond reproach.
  • Like Eleanor Roosevelt, Hillary Clinton is a strong individual whose public decorum is usually above reproach.
  • Noah himself is beyond reproach, it is true.
  • The Alumni Club typically enjoys a reputation beyond reproach.
  • The motives were above reproach since a large sum was raised for deserving charities every year.
1[only before noun] used in a piece of writing to refer to something mentioned in an earlier part of the same piece of writing:  For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory.2the above formal something mentioned before in the same piece of writing:  If none of the above applies to you, you may be able to reclaim tax.
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