英语词汇“serum”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINserum

Origin:

1600-1700 Latin

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

In blood, the majority is found in erythrocytes with only minor quantities in plasma or serum.
In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.
In these situations, acetazolamide may be needed to decrease proximal bicarbonate and sodium reabsorption, thereby reducing the serum bicarbonate level.
It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.
Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.
The cellular source of the catalytically active PLA2 in serum of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis and other diseases is unknown.
The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.
Therefore, this study investigated carnitine concentrations in serum of patients with coeliac disease.

WORD SETS► Biology

aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► basal

· Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.· Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.· Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.· For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.

► fasting

· Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.· At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.· Our finding that fasting serum gastrin consists mainly of G34 is consistent with previous reports.

► fetal

· Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.· Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth.

► high

· They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.· Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.· Subjects with atrophy had significantly higher serum gastrin concentrations than all other subjects and higher than old subjects without atrophy.

► human

· Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.· Normal human serum diluted 1:10 served as a blank.

► increased

· Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.· The role of the increased serum gastrin concentration induced by H pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease is also unknown.

► low

· The absorption of 5-ASA by the colon is poor, resulting in very low serum and urine concentrations and high faecal concentrations.· Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.· The proportions of children with low baseline serum retinol concentrations were substantial in both trial populations.· A low serum ceruloplasmin is one of the laboratory hallmarks of this disease, but is not invariably present.· Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.· The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels.· Discussion Patients with coeliac disease who are not receiving treatment have low serum carnitine concentrations.· Similarly, patients with low serum albumen due to any cause will have a higher unbound drug fraction.

► median

· There were no significant differences in the median serum amylase and lipase values between the treatment groups.· There were no significant differences between the median serum IGFBP-1 and insulin concentrations in well grown compared with stunted patients.

► normal

· He had, however, at the time of investigation a normal serum creatinine value.· This formula takes into account the majority of solutes present in normal serum.· All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.· The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.· All patients had normal serum creatinine values at the time of investigation.· Ten of these 15 patients had active disease but normal serum liver function tests.· All controls had normal serum creatinine concentrations.

► raised

· Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.· In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease.

► total

· If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.

NOUN► albumin

· Her diarrhoea decreased with improved appetite and weight gain, a rising serum albumin, and resolution of her peripheral oedema.· If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.· The increase in serum albumin was similar in both groups.· To do so, a concurrent measurement of serum albumin and total calcium should be obtained.· For example, acetaldehyde has been shown to form circulating cytotoxic adducts with serum albumin.

► calcium

· At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained for measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, and albumin.· Therefore, to diagnose hypercalcemia in a suspected case, one must obtain at least three separate measurements of the serum calcium.· They both participate in the regulation of the concentration of serum calcium.· Intravenous phosphate has been recommended for lowering the serum calcium when other measures have failed.· If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.· The serum calcium level should occasionally be checked.· The sources for the elevated serum calcium in dialysis patients are multiple.· When the uremia is severe enough to warrant dialysis, this therapy usually results in a correction of the serum calcium concentration.

► calf

· Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.· Many researchers have tried to obtain a medium for growing antibodies that is free from calf serum.· Fetal calf serum is one such ingredient; and there are many others.· Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth.

► cholesterol

· It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.· This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and serum cholesterol.· Furthermore, there were no differences in serum cholesterol values in patients with different tumour grades.· The initial test of a random serum cholesterol and triglyceride estimation is sufficient.· The serum cholesterol concentration was assayed according to the method of Richmond.· In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease.· Depression, self-blame, number of pre-defined illness symptoms, and level of serum cholesterol were also assessed.· Since then, numerous studies have analysed the relation between serum cholesterol and large bowel cancer.

► concentration

· All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.· This results, even in steady state, in a rapid decline in serum concentrations.· Integrated meal stimulated serum gastrin outputs were determined by calculating the area under the serum concentration time curve.· The serum concentration of IGF-I and growth velocity both improved with increased calorie intake.· We also made it clear that both dose and frequency should be adjusted as dictated by serum concentrations.· Certain IgG heavy chain markers are associated with the serum concentrations of IgG subclasses.· Several studies have disclosed relations between IgG markers and IgG subclass serum concentrations against particular antigens.· Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Wilson disease were excluded by determining serum concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin, respectively.

► creatinine

· There were no significant changes in the patients' mean weight and serum creatinine and sodium concentrations throughout the trial.· At all times, renal function as assessed by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance remained normal.

► gastrin

· They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.· Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.· Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.· Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.· For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.· Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.· There was no relationship between the serum gastrin concentration and type of renal replacement treatment.

► level

· Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.· They usually occur at serum levels above the recommended therapeutic range.· It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.· Another favorable characteristic is that there is a rapid build-up of serum levels, even when starting at low doses.· The drug selected for monotherapy is then added and appropriate dosage adjustment made to attain therapeutic serum levels.· The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels.· A given increase in dosage, therefore, may produce a disproportionately large increase of serum level.· For this reason concentrations of potentially interfering metal ions approximating the serum levels are used in the standards.

► lipid

· At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.· In these and the remaining 70 patients, the serum lipids remained unchanged throughout the study.· It would therefore appear that nutritional modifications in themselves have an important effect on serum lipids and lipoproteins.· Alcohol intake, serum lipids and obesity Alcohol may have several effects on serum lipids.· The most frequent effect of excess alcohol intake on serum lipids is elevation of triglyceride levels.· These drugs may also adversely affect serum lipids and lipoproteins.

► pepsinogen

· In these conditions serum pepsinogen C provides additional diagnostic information, especially when expressed as pepsinogen A:C ratio.· Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.· It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.· High values of serum pepsinogen A have also been found during omeprazole treatment.· There was no relationship between the serum pepsinogen I concentration and type of renal replacement treatment.· Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies.

► phosphate

· Obviously, careful monitoring of the serum phosphate level is appropriate.· In the latter circumstance, the antacid should simply be stopped for a period of time and the serum phosphate monitored.· It is therefore impossible to predict with certainty what amount of supplementation will result in what increment in the serum phosphate concentration.· An additional reason that serum phosphate may fall is that it may shift into cells.

► potassium

· His temperature was 37°C, pulse 84/ min, and serum potassium 3.8 mmol/l.· This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.· The serum potassium level is sometimes helpful in determining acid-base status.· The serum potassium level may be of assistance in suggesting whether the patient is acidemia or alkalemia, as described above.· What is actually observed in this Circumstance is an increase in serum potassium concentration.· For example, in acidosis from diarrhea, the serum potassium level is often low rather than high.

► protein

· Based on the production of this absorption peak, it is possible to quantitate serum proteins by an ultraviolet-light technique.· The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.· The buffer base is composed of the anionic buffers which include bicarbonate, phosphate, serum proteins, and hemoglobin.· They are hemoglobin, serum protein, phosphate, and bicarbonate.

► sample

· In the following experiments, five or six serum samples were used unless indicated otherwise.· This enzyme. labeled complex competes with free unlabeled drug in the serum sample for the binding sites on the antibody.· Additional serum samples were taken in December 1990 from a randomly selected cohort of 141 people aged 40-65 years.· The drug in the serum sample and the enzyme. labeled drug compete for the binding sites on the antibody.· Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.· They all died within months of each other, and serum samples were collected and frozen.· Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.· A nasopharyngeal swab or paired serum samples, or both, were collected from healthy subjects.

► sodium

· Urea and electrolytes gave a 121 mmol/l serum sodium, 5.6 mmol/l potassium, 5.6 mmol/l urea, and 96 umol/l creatinine.· In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.· Would the cost of care depend on the serum sodium concentration?· These individuals maintain a stable serum sodium in the 125 to I 28-mEq / L range.· Their serum sodium remains in the 125 to 128-mEq / L range.· The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures.· For convenience, the serum sodium level is usually taken as the estimate of tonicity.

VERB► find

· Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.· No correlation was found between the serum carnitine concentration and the degree of intestinal atrophy in active coeliac disease.

► increase

· Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies.· In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.· Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273.

► measure

· Parathyroid hormone was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay directed towards the amino terminal region.· It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.· For clinical purposes, one means of measuring overall concentration would be to measure the serum osmolality directly.

► raise

· It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.· Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.· The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures.

► show

· Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.· Population studies show that serum uric acid levels are not normally distributed; they are skewed toward higher values for both sexes.· The Figure shows the relation between serum carnitine concentrations and the degree of intestinal atrophy.· Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273.· We have shown that the serum pepsinogen-I: -II ratio is significantly lower in H pylori positive subjects than in uninfected persons.· Other studies have failed to show a relation between serum cholesterol and colorectal carcinoma.

► use

· You could try using a serum - these non-sticky liquids are excellent for smoothing the cuticles and wrapping hair in shine.· The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.· When using the direct serum method, pigmented specimens may cause the appearance of false end-points resulting in positive errors.

单词	serum
释义	serumse‧rum /ˈsɪərəm $ ˈsɪr-/ noun (plural serums or sera /-rə/) [countable, uncountable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINserum Origin: 1600-1700 Latin Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS In blood, the majority is found in erythrocytes with only minor quantities in plasma or serum. In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate. In these situations, acetazolamide may be needed to decrease proximal bicarbonate and sodium reabsorption, thereby reducing the serum bicarbonate level. It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects. Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples. The cellular source of the catalytically active PLA2 in serum of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis and other diseases is unknown. The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another. Therefore, this study investigated carnitine concentrations in serum of patients with coeliac disease. word sets WORD SETS► Biology aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► basal · Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.· Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.· Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.· For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables. ► fasting · Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.· At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.· Our finding that fasting serum gastrin consists mainly of G34 is consistent with previous reports. ► fetal · Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.· Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth. ► high · They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.· Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.· Subjects with atrophy had significantly higher serum gastrin concentrations than all other subjects and higher than old subjects without atrophy. ► human · Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.· Normal human serum diluted 1:10 served as a blank. ► increased · Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.· The role of the increased serum gastrin concentration induced by H pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease is also unknown. ► low · The absorption of 5-ASA by the colon is poor, resulting in very low serum and urine concentrations and high faecal concentrations.· Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.· The proportions of children with low baseline serum retinol concentrations were substantial in both trial populations.· A low serum ceruloplasmin is one of the laboratory hallmarks of this disease, but is not invariably present.· Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.· The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels.· Discussion Patients with coeliac disease who are not receiving treatment have low serum carnitine concentrations.· Similarly, patients with low serum albumen due to any cause will have a higher unbound drug fraction. ► median · There were no significant differences in the median serum amylase and lipase values between the treatment groups.· There were no significant differences between the median serum IGFBP-1 and insulin concentrations in well grown compared with stunted patients. ► normal · He had, however, at the time of investigation a normal serum creatinine value.· This formula takes into account the majority of solutes present in normal serum.· All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.· The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.· All patients had normal serum creatinine values at the time of investigation.· Ten of these 15 patients had active disease but normal serum liver function tests.· All controls had normal serum creatinine concentrations. ► raised · Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.· In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease. ► total · If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration. NOUN► albumin · Her diarrhoea decreased with improved appetite and weight gain, a rising serum albumin, and resolution of her peripheral oedema.· If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.· The increase in serum albumin was similar in both groups.· To do so, a concurrent measurement of serum albumin and total calcium should be obtained.· For example, acetaldehyde has been shown to form circulating cytotoxic adducts with serum albumin. ► calcium · At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained for measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, and albumin.· Therefore, to diagnose hypercalcemia in a suspected case, one must obtain at least three separate measurements of the serum calcium.· They both participate in the regulation of the concentration of serum calcium.· Intravenous phosphate has been recommended for lowering the serum calcium when other measures have failed.· If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.· The serum calcium level should occasionally be checked.· The sources for the elevated serum calcium in dialysis patients are multiple.· When the uremia is severe enough to warrant dialysis, this therapy usually results in a correction of the serum calcium concentration. ► calf · Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.· Many researchers have tried to obtain a medium for growing antibodies that is free from calf serum.· Fetal calf serum is one such ingredient; and there are many others.· Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth. ► cholesterol · It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.· This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and serum cholesterol.· Furthermore, there were no differences in serum cholesterol values in patients with different tumour grades.· The initial test of a random serum cholesterol and triglyceride estimation is sufficient.· The serum cholesterol concentration was assayed according to the method of Richmond.· In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease.· Depression, self-blame, number of pre-defined illness symptoms, and level of serum cholesterol were also assessed.· Since then, numerous studies have analysed the relation between serum cholesterol and large bowel cancer. ► concentration · All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.· This results, even in steady state, in a rapid decline in serum concentrations.· Integrated meal stimulated serum gastrin outputs were determined by calculating the area under the serum concentration time curve.· The serum concentration of IGF-I and growth velocity both improved with increased calorie intake.· We also made it clear that both dose and frequency should be adjusted as dictated by serum concentrations.· Certain IgG heavy chain markers are associated with the serum concentrations of IgG subclasses.· Several studies have disclosed relations between IgG markers and IgG subclass serum concentrations against particular antigens.· Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Wilson disease were excluded by determining serum concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin, respectively. ► creatinine · There were no significant changes in the patients' mean weight and serum creatinine and sodium concentrations throughout the trial.· At all times, renal function as assessed by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance remained normal. ► gastrin · They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.· Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.· Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.· Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.· For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.· Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.· There was no relationship between the serum gastrin concentration and type of renal replacement treatment. ► level · Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.· They usually occur at serum levels above the recommended therapeutic range.· It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.· Another favorable characteristic is that there is a rapid build-up of serum levels, even when starting at low doses.· The drug selected for monotherapy is then added and appropriate dosage adjustment made to attain therapeutic serum levels.· The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels.· A given increase in dosage, therefore, may produce a disproportionately large increase of serum level.· For this reason concentrations of potentially interfering metal ions approximating the serum levels are used in the standards. ► lipid · At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.· In these and the remaining 70 patients, the serum lipids remained unchanged throughout the study.· It would therefore appear that nutritional modifications in themselves have an important effect on serum lipids and lipoproteins.· Alcohol intake, serum lipids and obesity Alcohol may have several effects on serum lipids.· The most frequent effect of excess alcohol intake on serum lipids is elevation of triglyceride levels.· These drugs may also adversely affect serum lipids and lipoproteins. ► pepsinogen · In these conditions serum pepsinogen C provides additional diagnostic information, especially when expressed as pepsinogen A:C ratio.· Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.· It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.· High values of serum pepsinogen A have also been found during omeprazole treatment.· There was no relationship between the serum pepsinogen I concentration and type of renal replacement treatment.· Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies. ► phosphate · Obviously, careful monitoring of the serum phosphate level is appropriate.· In the latter circumstance, the antacid should simply be stopped for a period of time and the serum phosphate monitored.· It is therefore impossible to predict with certainty what amount of supplementation will result in what increment in the serum phosphate concentration.· An additional reason that serum phosphate may fall is that it may shift into cells. ► potassium · His temperature was 37°C, pulse 84/ min, and serum potassium 3.8 mmol/l.· This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.· The serum potassium level is sometimes helpful in determining acid-base status.· The serum potassium level may be of assistance in suggesting whether the patient is acidemia or alkalemia, as described above.· What is actually observed in this Circumstance is an increase in serum potassium concentration.· For example, in acidosis from diarrhea, the serum potassium level is often low rather than high. ► protein · Based on the production of this absorption peak, it is possible to quantitate serum proteins by an ultraviolet-light technique.· The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.· The buffer base is composed of the anionic buffers which include bicarbonate, phosphate, serum proteins, and hemoglobin.· They are hemoglobin, serum protein, phosphate, and bicarbonate. ► sample · In the following experiments, five or six serum samples were used unless indicated otherwise.· This enzyme. labeled complex competes with free unlabeled drug in the serum sample for the binding sites on the antibody.· Additional serum samples were taken in December 1990 from a randomly selected cohort of 141 people aged 40-65 years.· The drug in the serum sample and the enzyme. labeled drug compete for the binding sites on the antibody.· Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.· They all died within months of each other, and serum samples were collected and frozen.· Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.· A nasopharyngeal swab or paired serum samples, or both, were collected from healthy subjects. ► sodium · Urea and electrolytes gave a 121 mmol/l serum sodium, 5.6 mmol/l potassium, 5.6 mmol/l urea, and 96 umol/l creatinine.· In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.· Would the cost of care depend on the serum sodium concentration?· These individuals maintain a stable serum sodium in the 125 to I 28-mEq / L range.· Their serum sodium remains in the 125 to 128-mEq / L range.· The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures.· For convenience, the serum sodium level is usually taken as the estimate of tonicity. VERB► find · Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.· No correlation was found between the serum carnitine concentration and the degree of intestinal atrophy in active coeliac disease. ► increase · Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies.· In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.· Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273. ► measure · Parathyroid hormone was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay directed towards the amino terminal region.· It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.· For clinical purposes, one means of measuring overall concentration would be to measure the serum osmolality directly. ► raise · It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.· Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.· The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures. ► show · Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.· Population studies show that serum uric acid levels are not normally distributed; they are skewed toward higher values for both sexes.· The Figure shows the relation between serum carnitine concentrations and the degree of intestinal atrophy.· Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273.· We have shown that the serum pepsinogen-I: -II ratio is significantly lower in H pylori positive subjects than in uninfected persons.· Other studies have failed to show a relation between serum cholesterol and colorectal carcinoma. ► use · You could try using a serum - these non-sticky liquids are excellent for smoothing the cuticles and wrapping hair in shine.· The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.· When using the direct serum method, pigmented specimens may cause the appearance of false end-points resulting in positive errors. 1 medical a liquid containing substances that fight infection or poison, that is put into a sick person’s blood → vaccine2technical the thin part of blood or the liquid from a plant
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