单词 | run | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | run1 verbrun2 noun runrun1 /rʌn/ ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tense ran /ræn/, past participle run, present participle running) ![]() ![]() MENU FOR runrun1 move quickly using your legs2 race3 organize/be in charge of4 do something/go somewhere quickly5 buses/trains etc6 computers7 machine/engine8 tape9 newspaper/television10 fast/out of control11 use a vehicle12 take somebody in your car13 in an election14 something long15 move something on a surface16 flow17 tap18 run a bath19 somebody’s nose20 official papers21 play/film22 happen23 amount/price24 story/account etc25 run its course26 something will run and run27 thoughts/feelings28 run high29 run somebody’s life30 run for cover31 colour in clothes32 paint/ink33 run a check/test/experiment etc34 hole in clothes35 run drugs/guns36 run in the family37 run a temperature/fever38 run a mile39 run late/early/on time40 be running scared41 come running42 run your eyes over/along etc something43 run before you can walk44 run a (red) lightPhrasal verbsrun across somebody/somethingrun after somebody/somethingrun alongrun aroundrun around after somebodyrun around with somebodyrun awayrun away with somebody/somethingrun something by/past somebodyrun downrun somebody/something inrun into somebody/somethingrun offrun off with somebody/somethingrun onrun outrun out on somebodyrun overrun something past somebodyrun roundrun throughrun to somebody/somethingrun up somethingrun up against something/somebodyrun with something Word OriginWORD ORIGINrun1 Verb TableOrigin: Old English rinnanVERB TABLE run
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► run Collocations to move very quickly, by moving your legs more quickly than when you walk: · My five-year-old son runs everywhere.· I go running twice a week. ► jog to run quite slowly for exercise over a long distance: · A few people were jogging in the park. ► race/dash to run somewhere as quickly as you can, especially because you have to do something urgently: · He dashed across the road to the police station.· We raced to the bus stop and got there just in time. ► sprint to run as fast as you can for a short distance: · I saw the runners sprinting past.· He sprinted up the stairs. ► tear to run very quickly and without really looking where you are going, because you are in a hurry: · He tore down the street and around the corner. ► charge to run quickly and with a lot of energy, so that you might knock down anyone or anything that gets in your way: · They all charged out of the school gates at 4 o'clock.· Dennis charged through the door into my office. ► take to your heels to start running away very quickly, especially to escape or because you are afraid: · The men took to their heels as soon as they saw the police. ► leg it British English informal to run away very quickly, in order to escape from someone or something: · I legged it before the cops came. ► lope especially literary to run easily with long steps – used especially about tall people with long legs: · John loped across the street to meet me. animals running► trot to run fairly slowly, taking short steps – used especially about horses and dogs: · A little dog was trotting behind her. ► gallop if a horse gallops, it runs very quickly: · The horse galloped off across the field. ► bolt to suddenly run somewhere very fast, especially in order to escape: · Suddenly a fox bolted out from beneath a hedge. Longman Language Activatorto run► run · You'll have to run or you'll miss the bus.· He kept on running until he was out in the open country.run across/through/along etc · A dog ran straight out in front of my car.· Run to the bathroom and get a towel.run for the bus/train etc (=in order to catch it) · Just running for the bus leaves me out of breath.run away/off (=run fast in order to leave a place) · They grabbed her purse and then ran off towards the subway.· Neil tried to catch the frightened animal, but it ran away from him.run around/round (=run in several different directions over a fairly large area, for fun) · The kids were running around and being silly.run after somebody/something (=chase someone) · Her dog was running after a rabbit and did not hear her calling. ► dash to run very quickly for a short distance, especially because you have to do something urgently: dash around/into/across etc: · Gillian saw two men dash past, but they didn't notice her.· I eventually found the place, and dashed up the stairs.dash off (=leave a place very quickly, for example because you are late): · We only have a few moments, because Heidi's got to dash off soon. ► make a run/dash/break for informal to start running quickly towards a place or thing to try to reach it or escape something: · It was raining, and we made a run for the car.· When the lecture was finally ovr, the students made a break for the exit.make a run/dash/break for it (=try to escape): · As soon as the guard turns around, we'll make a run for it.make a made dash for something (=run very quickly): · She heard the whistle and made a mad dash for the departing train. ► sprint to run as fast as you can, usually over a short distance: sprint towards/out/across etc: · Margaret sprinted down the street, almost collapsing when she reached us.sprint for the bus/train etc (=in order to catch it.): · The bus driver must have seen me sprinting for the bus, but he drove off. ► trot to run fairly slowly, taking short steps: trot in/across/towards etc: · She trotted softly through the passageway to the gate. · I looked up, and saw a dog trotting along the sidewalk toward me.trot along/back/off : · Dorothy arrived, with a little dog trotting along behind her. ► tear to run very quickly and without really looking where you are going, because you are in a hurry: tear along/past/through etc: · Bobby tore past, shouting something about being late for work.· A masked man came tearing out of the bank and jumped into a waiting car.tear off (=leave somewhere running very quickly): · Mary tore off downstairs, determined to see the visitors for herself. ► charge to run quickly and with a lot of energy, especially when you are going to attack someone or something: charge at/towards/into etc: · The doors flew open, and Pascoe charged across the foyer, scattering people in all directions. · Riot police with batons charged at soccer fans twice during last night's international with Spain.charge off (=leave somewhere in a hurry): · Don't charge off, I want a word with you. ► break into a run to suddenly start running, especially after you have been walking: · Suddenly two of the prisoners broke into a run, heading as fast as they could for the fence.· He walked swiftly, resisting the urge to break into a run. ► bound to move quickly forward with long high jumps: bound towards/across/up etc: · A big black Alsatian dog came bounding up to her.· There was a shout, and suddenly Adrian bounded into the room. to run as a sport or for exercise► run to run in a race or for exercise: · I think I'll probably run for about 40 minutes, then come back for a shower.run 2 miles/400metres etc: · She runs a couple of miles twice a week.· I ran four miles Saturday, and I can tell you I was exhausted after it.run a marathon/race/the 400 metres etc: · Omar's running the marathon this year. ► jog to run fairly slowly for a long distance, for exercise, and to keep healthy: · Have you been jogging this morning?jog along/down/past etc: · When I lived in Washington, I jogged along the river every morning.· There was a lady jogging down by the water with her dog. ► go for a run/jog also go running/jogging to go out and run in order to get exercise: · Kari and I are going for a run -- would you like to come?· Do you fancy coming jogging with me? ► sprint to run as fast as you can over a short distance, usually in a race: · Athletes who have been trained to sprint aren't usually very good at running long distances. to run with short quick steps► scurry to run with short quick steps, especially when you need to move quickly to escape from danger: scurry away/about/along etc: · We used to hear rats and mice scrurrying around in the attic at night.· His aides scurried about, murmuring to each other in Russian. ► scamper to run with very short quick steps, especially when running in a group and often in a playful way: scamper away/down/up etc: · The monkeys scampered down the tree, anxious to investigate what was happening on the ground.· Children were scampering and wrestling in the playground.· Jenny scampered off in excitement to set up the game. ► scuttle to run with short quick steps, especially to escape from something -- use this especially about small animals: scuttle across/out/past etc: · A loud bang sent all the crabs scuttling across the sand.· He spotted a cockroach as it scuttled out from under a bin bag. very much better than someone or something► be/stand head and shoulders above informal to be clearly doing very much better at something than someone else: · Winger's stands head and shoulders above every other restaurant in town.· Kander and Ebb are head and shoulders above the others writing for the musical theater these days. ► there's no comparison spoken use this to emphasize that one person or thing is clearly much better than someone or something else: · "Which apartment do you prefer?'' "Well, there's no comparison. The first one we saw is bigger, quieter, and has much nicer furniture.'' ► put somebody/something in the shade British to be so much better than others that their achievements are made to seem ordinary: · Coca Cola's prize-winning advertising campaign has put all others in the shade.· The generous response of the public to the disaster puts the government's contribution somewhat in the shade. ► eclipse written to be so much better than someone or something else that they are made to seem unimportant and not worth paying any attention to: · Channel 5's tremendous line-up of TV programmes has eclipsed its competitors' best efforts.· Eclipsed by the US champion at last year's Olympic Games, Schofield has decided to retire. ► be in a different league if someone is in a different league , they are so much better and more skilful than someone who does similar work that it would be stupid even to compare them: · You can't possibly compare Thomas Hardy and Wilkie Collins - Hardy is in a different league. ► put somebody/something to shame to be so much better than someone else that they feel slightly embarrassed by their own lack of skill or quality: · The elegant way she was dressed put the rest of us to shame.· Acapulco is a cosmopolitan city with a nightlife that puts Rio to shame. ► run rings around informal to perform with much greater skill than someone else in a competitive activity such as a sport or an argument: run rings around somebody: · It's no use arguing with Sophie -- she can run rings around anyone who disagrees with her.· Tottenham Hotspur are running rings around Arsenal in the most exciting cup final in years. ► be streets ahead British informal to be very much better than something of the same type or than someone you are competing with: be streets ahead of: · The script is original and funny, streets ahead of any other situation comedy.· We don't need to worry about this year's sales figures -- they're streets ahead of the competition. ► leave somebody standing British to be so much better at something than other people that they cannot possibly compete successfully with you: · It seems that in this campaign the Labour candidate has left the opposition standing.· Julie's an excellent typist -- her speed and accuracy leave the rest of us standing. to lose colour► fade if a colour or coloured material fades , its colour becomes paler, for example because it has been in sunlight for a long time: · Over the years the green paint had faded.· Your natural hair colour begins to fade as you grow older, and eventually you go grey. ► lose its colour British /lose its color American if a material or object loses its colour , the colour comes out of it, especially because of the effects of washing or sunlight: · Will this shirt lose its colour if you wash it?· Red onions lose their color when cooked. ► run if the colours run on a piece of clothing when you wash it, some of the colour goes from one part of it and onto another part of it because the water is too hot: · It is usually advisable to wash new clothes separately as they tend to run. when you cannot control something► lose control to no longer be able to control a situation, vehicle, group of people etc: · The car skidded on the ice, and I lost control.lose control of: · She felt as if she was losing control of her children.· O'Connor recently lost control of the company he had run for seven years. ► out of control a situation that is out of control has got much worse and can no longer be controlled: · The fire was out of control.· Teenage crime was now out of control.get out of control: · It's easy to let spending on credit cards get out of control. ► get out of hand if something, especially a situation, gets out of hand , it gets so serious or difficult that it can no longer be controlled: · The costs have continued to increase, and now seem to be getting out of hand.· Police were called in when the situation began to get out of hand. ► be beyond somebody's control a situation or force that is beyond your control is one that you are not able to control, especially if someone else is controlling it or because no one can control it: · Some of the kids there were beyond any teacher's control.circumstances beyond our control (=a situation that we cannot control): · Due to circumstances beyond our control, we have had to cancel tonight's performance of "Carmen'. ► lose your grip (on something) to no longer be able to control a situation that you have had difficulty controlling for a long time: · By 1965, US troops in the area were beginning to lose their grip.lose your grip on something: · I was worried that Clive seemed to be losing his grip on things. ► runaway increasing or spreading in an unexpected way that cannot be controlled: · Some economists are now predicting the danger of runaway inflation.· They see technology as a runaway force that humans can no longer control. ► rampant growing, spreading or continuing very quickly, in a way that is impossible to stop - used especially in literature: · It wasn't military action but rampant disease that finally caused the population to surrender.· Corruption soon became rampant. ► run wild to grow or develop in a completely uncontrolled way: · Organized crime has been running wild since the collapse of the old regime.· She allowed her imagination to run wild. person► efficient someone who is efficient works well and does what needs to be done without wasting time: · For a successful business, friendly and efficient staff are essential.· The doctor was cheerful and efficient, which immediately made me feel more relaxed. ► efficiency an efficient way of working: · I was impressed by her speed and efficiency.· The management seems to expect staff to be constantly achieving higher levels of efficiency and productivity. ► effective someone who is effective , especially someone in a position of authority, deals quickly and successfully with the work they have to do: · An effective teacher will always produce better exam results.· What we need is a tough and effective leader with a sense of direction . ► capable someone who is capable does things well and confidently and does not need anyone else's help or advice: · All the staff at the nursing home seemed very capable.· They've got a very capable lawyer working on the case.· Rebecca was, without question, the most capable technician on the team. ► well-organized also well-organised British someone who is well-organized plans things well so that they achieve what they want to achieve: · If you work as a personal assistant, you need to be well-organized.· Well-organized rebel forces have succeeded in recapturing the town. ► businesslike someone who is businesslike deals with people effectively and does not waste time on things that are not important: · As a lawyer, you have to be controlled and businesslike at all times.· Gates gave a brief, businesslike explanation of his plans for the company. ► run a tight ship to manage a business or company very efficiently, especially by having strict rules and by not allowing the people working there to have much freedom: · We run a very tight ship here, and we expect all our employees to be at their desks by nine o'clock. ► productive someone who is productive does a job efficiently and with good results, because they work faster than most people or do more work than most people: · Studies show that if screen workers have short but frequent breaks they become much more productive.· The most productive members of staff are rewarded by financial bonuses. to have enough of something► have enough to have enough of something to do what you want: · I'll come and see you if I have enough time.have enough time/money etc to do something: · We didn't have enough room to lie down, so we couldn't really sleep. ► have the time/money/help etc to have enough of something to do what you want: · I know I should exercise, but I just never seem to have the time.· I'm sure Jonathan would be willing to help, if he had the money.have the time/money/help etc to do something: · A small company like ours just doesn't have the resources to compete with the big corporations. ► can afford to have enough money to do something or to buy something: · I love the apartment, but I don't think we can afford the rent.can afford to do something: · These days more and more people can afford to fly, which means the airways become increasingly crowded. ► can spare informal to have enough time, money etc for a particular purpose, because you do not need it all for other purposes: · Can you spare a couple of minutes to talk about next week's programme?· The firm has agreed to improve the toilet facilities as soon as they can spare the money.· The records show that the city has a few acres of land to spare. ► run to British informal if someone's money runs to something, they have enough money to pay for it, especially when it is something expensive: · I don't think my salary quite runs to holidays in the Caribbean!· The company budget wouldn't run to a Mercedes, so I had to make do with a Ford instead. ► be OK for/be all right for informal to have enough of something that you need, such as time, money, or food: · "Do you have to rush off?'' "No, I'm OK for time.''· We're all right for vegetables, but we need to buy some more fruit.· "Are we ok for little plates?" "Yeah, Matthew washed them all." ► be well off for British informal to have plenty of something that is needed or that makes life easier or more pleasant: · We're quite well off for public transport in this part of the country.· The school's reasonably well off for books and equipment but there is a shortage of staff. to escape from somewhere where you are in danger► escape to get away from a place, country etc where you are in danger, especially when it is difficult to do this because someone is trying to catch you or stop you leaving: · Only four people managed to escape before the roof collapsed.· The refugees have crossed miles of desert to escape civil war and famine.escape from: · Josie managed to escape from her attacker and call the police.escape into/through/over etc: · Some people were able to escape over the border into Tanzania.· When the army began killing civilians in the town, he was able to escape through the jungle. ► get out to escape from a place or country when there is a serious risk that something bad will happen very soon: · Eventually we realized there was no way of getting out.· A few people managed to get out before the government crackdown.get out of: · All US tourists and journalists are being advised to get out of the country as soon as possible.get out alive: · The whole building was on fire - we were lucky to get out alive! ► run away/run off to try to escape from someone by running away: · Don't run away - I'm not going to hurt you.· Delia managed to get away from the man and ran off screaming.run away/run off from: · If you run away from the bull, it's almost certain to attack you.run away/run off into/down/across etc: · He jumped out of the car and ran off into the woods. ► bolt to suddenly run away very quickly, as soon as you have a chance, especially because you are very frightened: · One of the horses got into a panic and bolted.· When police approached him to ask him some questions, he bolted.bolt across/into/out etc: · Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door. ► run for it/make a run for it informal to suddenly run away very quickly because you are in danger of being caught, especially when you are doing something illegal: · Somebody's coming. Quick, run for it.· There's no way we can beat them - we're going to have to make a run for it. ► flee to escape as quickly as possible because you are in great danger - used especially in newspapers: · When police arrived, the two men fled.flee from/to/into etc: · Most of the women there were Somalis fleeing from the civil war.· Up to five million political refugees have fled to other countries.flee the country/the city etc: · Rollins tried to flee the country but was stopped at the airport. ► make your escape to escape from a place or a dangerous situation, especially when you do this quickly and secretly, as soon as you have a chance: · He made his escape by climbing through the window and down the fire escape.· The hostages spent days waiting for the opportunity to make their escape. ► take to your heels to escape by running away very quickly - used especially in stories: · The kids immediately took to their heels as Mrs Brewster appeared around the corner.· He jumped off the train, took to his heels, and was quickly out of sight. ► break free/break away to escape from someone who is holding you: · She wanted to break away, but his grip was too strong.· With a violent twist he broke free and ran out of the room.break free/break away from: · Then Tammy broke free from Judd and ran for the door screaming. ► bail out to escape from an aircraft that is going to crash: · The pilot bailed out of the aircraft just in time and was only slightly injured. things that happen in a family or belong in a family► family: family home/business/argument etc something that belongs to a family or happens in a family: · I stopped going on family holidays when I was 15.· When her parents died, she took over the family business.· We're planning a big family celebration when my cousin gets married. ► domestic: domestic violence/trouble/argument etc fighting, arguments, or problems between members of the same family: · Victims of domestic violence are often reluctant to tell the police.· I'm worried about Jim - I think he may be having some domestic problems. ► run in the family if an illness or type of behaviour runs in the family , it is common in that family: · Asthma seems to run in our family.· Good looks must run in the family. to use all of something► finish especially British to eat or drink all of something, so that there is none left: · The kids have finished all the ice-cream.· Wait till I've finished my drink and then we'll go.· Come on, finish your dinner. ► run out of if you run out of something that you need, there is none left: · We ran out of gas on the freeway last night.· By the time they got back to the camp, they had nearly run out of water. ► use up to use all of something, especially when it is difficult to get more of it: use up something: · By 2100, we may have used up all our supplies of natural gas.use something up: · I thought I'd bought plenty of paint, but we used it up before the room was finished. ► exhaust written to use up all of something, especially a supply of something that will be difficult to replace: · What will happen when we have exhausted all our natural resources?· The organization has exhausted all its funds.· Over-intensive farming had exhausted the supply of nutrients in the soil. when the time in which you can use tickets etc finishes► run out if a ticket, document, or agreement runs out , it can no longer be used or no longer has any legal or official value: · I want to use this train ticket before it runs out.· The lease on the shop runs out soon.· The current treaty runs out at the end of this year. ► expire if a ticket, bank card, legal document etc expires , the period of time during which it can legally be used has ended: · I'm afraid we can't accept this credit card -- it expired last week.· Your passport will expire ten years from the issue date.· She retired six months before her contract expired. when a period of time ends► end · The school year ends in June.· Winter was finally ending, and the first flowers of spring had begun to appear.· The evening ended cordially with handshakes all round. ► come to an end if a long period of time comes to an end , it ends: · Autumn came to an end with the first snow.· A generation of civil war had finally come to an end. ► be over if a period of time is over , it has ended: · The long vacation was almost over, and she hadn't done any of the things she'd planned.· I think I'm going to lose my temper before this evening is over. ► break up British if a school or the students in a school break up , a part of the school year ends and the holidays begin: · When does your school break up?· The kids break up on Wednesday. ► draw to a close/to an end to gradually come to an end - used especially in stories or descriptions: · The long hot summer was drawing to an end.· As the class drew to a close, Hanson asked a student to summarize the lesson. ► be up if the time allowed for something is up , it is finished: · "Time's up,'' said the teacher. "Stop writing, everyone!''· The chairman may be asked to resign before his four-year term is up. ► run out if the time available for doing something, especially something important, runs out , it comes to an end so that there is no more time left: · We'd almost finished solving the problem when our time ran out.· The desperate search for survivors continues, but time is running out. ► be out of time spoken use this to tell someone to stop doing something because there is no more time allowed: · I'm sorry, listeners, we have to stop there. We're out of time. when there is nothing left► be (all) gone if something is all gone , there is none of it left because it has all been used, eaten, or drunk: · "Are there any cookies left?" "No, they're all gone."· Then Cal lost his job and soon our savings were gone.· I used to feel sorry for her, but my sympathy's all gone now. ► be finished if a supply of something important is finished , it has all been used and there is none left: · In this area, emergency food aid is likely to be finished within days.· When that can's finished, there won't be any fuel left. ► no more/not any more if there is no more of something or not any more of something, it has all been used or sold: · "Where are the matches?" "We don't have any more."there's no more/there aren't any more: · There's no more sugar. You'll have to get some next time you go out.no more/not any more of: · The store didn't have any more of the dolls, but they might get some in next week. ► none left/not any left if there is none left or not any left of something, all of it has been used or sold: there is none left/there is not any left: · Don't eat any more cake or there will be none left for your dad.· There weren't any dresses left in a size 12.there is no wine/milk/fruit etc left: · There's no coffee left. Shall I make some more? ► run out if something that you need runs out , there is none of it left because it has all been used: · Our supplies had run out and all we could do was wait.· I was in a phone box and my money ran out before I'd finished. ► exhausted if a supply of something is exhausted , there is none of it left; if something that produces a supply is exhausted , there is nothing left in it: · The oxygen supply would soon become exhausted.· All that's left are some barren hillsides and a couple of exhausted mines. with lots of hills or mountains► flow if a liquid flows , it moves in a steady, continuous stream from one place to another: · The river flows more slowly here and it is safe to swim.flow into/out of/over: · From here, factory waste flows straight into the sea.· Tears flowed down her cheeks as she hugged her children.· Oil flowed from the tanker into the sea. ► come out if liquid comes out of a pipe, container etc, it flows out fairly slowly and in fairly small quantities: · When I turned on the tap a brownish liquid came out.come out of: · There's oil coming out of your engine.· I can't get the ketchup to come out of the bottle. ► pour if a liquid or substance pours out of something, large amounts flow out of it: pour out of/off/down etc: · Sweat poured down his face.· Water was pouring out of the release gates on the dam.· Rain poured through the open window, waking me again an hour later.· Lava from the volcano is pouring down the mountain towards the town. ► run if a liquid runs somewhere, it flows quickly and smoothly; if a tap is running , water is flowing out of it: · Who left the faucet running?run along/down etc: · Tears ran down her face.· A stream runs along the bottom of the field. ► leak if a liquid leaks from a container or pipe, or if a container or pipe leaks , the liquid comes out through a small hole or crack because the container or pipe is damaged: · I think the fuel tank is leaking.leak through/into/out of/from: · Water was leaking from a pipe in the bathroom.· Yoghurt had leaked out of the pot all over my lunchbox. ► drip if a liquid drips , it falls slowly and steadily, in drops: drip off/out/onto etc: · The blood was still dripping from the cut on his lip.· We stood under a tree, with rain dripping onto our heads.· Wax from the candle dripped on the tablecloth. ► ooze if a thick liquid, or a substance such as blood or mud, oozes out of something, it comes out of it slowly and steadily: ooze out of/from: · A mixture of mud and rainwater oozed out of the bottom of the bucket.· Blood was oozing from the wound.· Thick, sticky syrup oozes out of the tree trunk and is collected in buckets. ► gush if a liquid gushes from something, or if something gushes it, it flows or pours out very quickly in large quantities: · The knife wound was gushing blood.gush out/from/down etc: · Oil gushed from the hole in the ship's hull.· A pipe burst in one of the apartments above, and water gushed down. ► trickle if a liquid trickles somewhere, it flows slowly in drops or in a thin stream: trickle down/into/out: · Blood trickled down the side of her face. · Water trickled out of the pipe.· The fire spread when burning gasoline trickled from the car toward other vehicles. ► squirt if you squirt liquid or it squirts , it is forced out of a narrow hole in a thin fast stream: · Kids were squirting each other with water pistols.squirt something on somebody/something: · He squirted some ketchup on his fries.squirt from/into: · The batter is squirted into round molds, then baked. ► spurt if a liquid spurts or something spurts it, it comes out of something quickly and suddenly and with a lot of force: · The knife hit an artery, and the wound spurted blood.spurt from/out of/into: · Oil from the spill spurted into the crystal waters of Prince William Sound.· Water spurted from the burst pipe. ► cascade to flow down something in large quantities: cascade from/into/down etc: · The walls of the cave are smooth, polished by the water cascading from above.· Water from the broken water main cascaded into a subway station. to follow a person or animal quickly in order to catch them► run after to run or walk quickly behind someone in order to catch them or talk to them, when they are going away from you: · A group of little boys ran after him to ask for his autograph.· She's left her briefcase. Quick! Run after her! ► chase to run after someone in order to catch them, when they are trying to escape from you: · I didn't have the energy to chase him any more.chase somebody across/up/down etc something: · The farmer chased the children across the field.chase after: · We chased after him for about five blocks but then we lost him and had to turn back. ► pursue especially written to chase someone in a very determined way - used especially in stories and news reports: · Police pursued the gunman into an abandoned building.· The ship was being pursued by enemy submarines. ► in pursuit if you are in pursuit of someone, you chase them because you want to catch them -- used especially in stories and news reports: · The robbers sped off in a stolen car with three police vehicles in pursuit.in pursuit of: · Cheng raced through a crowded shopping mall in pursuit of the man who had grabbed her purse.in hot pursuit: · A deer suddenly sprang across the road, with a pack of hunting dogs in hot pursuit. ► be on/at somebody's heels written to follow very closely behind someone who is trying to escape from you, especially when you want to catch or attack them - used especially in stories: · The rebels headed for the border but government troops were still at their heels.be hard/hot/close on somebody's heels: · Just 15 minutes into the race Lawson was already hot on the champion's heels.on/at somebody's heels: · He rushed out of the theatre with a pack of reporters at his heels. ► go after to follow someone quickly especially because you want to talk to them: · Don't go after him now. Let him calm down first. ► give chase to start to chase someone who is trying to escape from you - used especially in stories and descriptions: · Police spotted the car speeding on Dumbarton Bridge and quickly gave chase. to govern a country► govern if a political party or group governs a country, its members make all the important decisions about laws, taxes, relationships with other countries etc: · The former Chancellor questioned the Prime Minister's ability to govern.· The PRI party has governed the country for more than seventy years.governing party (=the political party that is governing a country): · The governing party controls two-thirds of the parliament. ► run to control a country - use this also about a powerful person or group that controls a country but has not been elected: · Who's running this country, the government or the trade unions?· The revolutionary council ran the country until democratic elections were held.· The country is being run by an interim prime minister, Jean-Claude Cousin. ► rule if a king, queen, military leader, or a foreign government rules a country, they have official power over it: · Marcos ruled the Philippines for 20 years.· India was ruled by the British for a very long time. ► be in power if a political party or a leader is in power at a particular time, they are the government or leader of a country at that time: · Castro has been in power for more than 30 years.· Taxes were higher when the Democrats were in power. ► be in government especially British if a political party is in government , it has been elected to govern the country: · The Liberal Democrats have been in government for five years now.· He thought it unlikely that the Republican party would be in government for much longer. ► hold office to have an important job in a government, for example as its leader or as head of a government department: · Jemison had previously held office as Minister of Education.· In Mexico, the president holds office for a fixed term of six years.· People convicted of certain criminal offenses are not allowed to hold office. a car/train/plane etc hits something► hit · The bus hit a tree and the driver was badly injured.· He pulled out of the driveway without looking, and almost hit another car.· Five sailors were killed when their ship hit a mine.hit something head-on (=directly) · The driver of a Ford van lost control and hit another car head-on. ► run into to hit something that is directly in front of you with your vehicle, especially because you are not paying attention: · I turned too sharply and ran into the curb.· We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signalling. ► run over to hit and injure a person or animal while driving a vehicle: run over somebody/run somebody over: · How can you run over a child and not stop?be run over by something: · The boy's dog had been run over by a car.get run over: · Make sure the lights on your bike are working. I don't want you getting run over. ► crash/smash into to hit something or someone very hard while you are driving a vehicle, making a lot of noise and causing damage: · The driver lost control on a curve and crashed into a tree.· An airplane had crashed into a mountain, killing all two hundred passengers.go crashing into something: · The car skidded, then went crashing into the bus shelter.· An army helicopter smashed into the side of the mountain. ► ram/slam into to hit something or someone very hard while you are moving in a vehicle, especially when what you hit is not moving: · The driver had been drinking when he rammed into a car waiting at a red light.· Some idiot slammed into me from behind. ► plough into British /plow into American to hit a large number of vehicles or people with a vehicle, especially as a result of driving too fast, not paying attention etc: · The car went out of control and ploughed into a group of people on the sidewalk.· When the driver fell asleep, the bus ploughed into a line of traffic. ► collide if two vehicles collide , they hit each other when they are moving in opposite directions: · Four or five cars had collided in the fog.collide with: · The transport helicopter he was in collided with another and crashed. ► ram to deliberately hit another vehicle very hard, especially when it is not moving: · The ship had been rammed by a submarine. ► go into British informal to hit something or someone with a vehicle: · Someone went into the back of my bike at the traffic lights. to be in charge of an activity or group of people► be in charge if you are in charge of an activity or a group of people, you are the person who has the authority to control what happens, tell other people what to do etc: · He's the captain. He's in charge, so he's responsible for anything that happens.be in charge of: · Who's the officer in charge of the investigationbe in charge of doing something: · As senior supervisor, she is in charge of training new employees.put somebody in charge: · Two years after joining the police force, he was put in charge of the department's records. ► run to be the person who makes the important decisions about what will happen in a business, organization, country etc: · She runs a company called Sunshine Holidays.· a drug counselling service that is run by ex-addicts· Who really runs the country - the elected government or big business?well/badly/poorly etc run: · The voting process was smooth and, for the most part, well-run.state-run (=run by the government): · a state-run mental hospital ► manage to be in charge of a business, especially one that is owned by someone else: · My husband manages a mill, 200 miles north of Bombay.· Managing four pizza outlets is extremely hard work.· The family business was skilfully managed by her elder brother, Michael. ► head if you head a company or activity, you are in charge of it: · Levy headed an investigation into the fund mismanagement.· The program is headed by an expert in teaching gifted and talented children.head up American informal: · Heading up the investigation into the crash is Officer Frank Foyle. ► lead to be the person with responsibility for a large group or team that is working together on an important activity: · The drug raid was led by top officers.· Dr Jenkins leads a team of researchers at the Plant Institute.· A group of 80 planes, led by Lieutenant Commander Egusha, was on its way to attack. ► supervise to be in charge of a group of workers or students and be responsible for making sure that they do their work properly, especially by being with them to give instructions, answer questions etc: · At work, she supervises a production team of fifteen.· All volunteers are supervised by a qualified nurse.· The teacher's duties that morning included supervising the before-school reading program. ► oversee formal to be in charge of a group of workers, especially when this involves planning and organizing what they should do rather than being with them or giving instructions to them directly: · Team leaders and project managers oversee groups of programming staff.· Administrators oversee the testing of students, to place them in the appropriate classes. to continue for a particular period of time► last use this to say how long something continues: · Mexico achieved a remarkable 8% annual growth rate, but the new prosperity did not last.· Ours was a happy marriage, but I always feared it wouldn't last.last 2 hours/6 months/a long time etc: · The whole opera lasts about four hours.· The earthquake lasted 30 seconds and caused 12,000 casualties.· The silence in the room seemed to last a very long time before she spoke.· rainstorms lasting all night long· Each consultation can last between 10 minutes and half an hour.last for 2 hours/a long time/years etc: · The performance is expected to last for approximately 3 hours.· The effects of Josie's experience could last for years, doctors say.last from/until etc: · The talks lasted until the early hours of the morning.· The drug produces a powerful cocaine-type high that lasts for days.· The Sung dynasty lasted from 960 to 1278.last into the 19th century/1980s/next decade etc: · This phase of the educational campaign lasted into the 1960s.last long: · Analysts are confident the downturn in share prices will not last long.· It's the worst cold I've ever had, but luckily it didn't last very long.last forever: · I wanted the weekend to last forever.last as long as: · The pilots say the walkout could last as long as two months. ► take use this when you want to say how much time is needed to do something or for something to happen: take 2 hours/6 months etc: · The bridge was closed, so the journey took much longer than usual.· Can you give me an idea how long this is going to take?· It took two years for Eddie to learn how to walk again.take 2 hours/6 months etc to do: · The software will take a few minutes to load.· They're just fun books, they don't take very long to read.take somebody 2 hours/6 months etc to do: · Doing the painting alone will take him all day.it takes (somebody) 2 hours/six months etc to do something: · It takes me about half an hour to get ready in the mornings.· It didn't take Susie long to find out what was going on between us.· It took three and a half hours to come back from Swansea. ► go on for if something, especially something boring or unpleasant, goes on for a particular period of time, that is how long it lasts: · The chairman's speech went on for what seemed like hours.· It sounds like the sort of meeting that could go on forever.· It starts at seven, but I don't know how long it goes on for.· It was a big lawsuit, and it went on for quite a while. ► drag on use this about something that seems to continue for a long time: · The siege dragged on into its second month.drag on for: · I can't afford to let the case drag on for months. ► run if a play, show, event etc runs for a particular period of time, it continues to be shown or performed for that period of time: · The Ideal Homes exhibition will run until 6 p.m. each day over the weekend.run for: · The play ran for two months on Broadway.· The media campaign features four commercials that will run for eight weeks.· One of the top sit-coms was 'On the Buses', which ran for sixty episodesrun and run British (=used in newspapers, magazines etc to say that a play, show etc will be very successful and will be performed for a long time): · This is one that will, I believe, run and run. ► extend over if a process, activity, event etc extends over a long period of time, it continues for that period of time: · We had a marathon recording session extending over eighteen hours.· If the investigation is a sustained piece of work extending over a period of weeks, a diary will help to track events. to leave your husband, wife, girlfriend etc► leave · She promised faithfully that she would never leave him.leave somebody for somebody else · Simon has left me for his secretary, after fifteen years of marriage. ► walk out to suddenly leave your husband, wife, girlfriend etc in a way that they think is unfair: · I was three months pregnant when Peter walked out.walk out on: · She remembered the day her father had walked out on them and how her mother had just sat on the stairs and cried. ► run/go off with to suddenly leave your husband or wife in order to live with someone else and have a sexual relationship with them: · His wife ran off with one of the doctors at the hospital. ► desert to leave your family, husband, children etc to avoid the responsibility of looking after them: · Mrs Hasan was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own.· His father had deserted the family when Graham was three years old. ► abandon to leave someone who depends on you for support, especially a child or animal: · The baby was found abandoned outside a local mosque.· My sister abandoned her husband and three children and went to live in Holland.· a home for abandoned kittens and puppies to permanently leave the house where you live► leave to leave your home or the area where you live: · This has been such a lovely home - I'll be sorry to leave.· He left his hometown when he was 16, and he hasn't been back there since.· Thousands of people have already left the capital in order to get away from the fighting. ► move out to permanently leave your home, usually one you rent or share with someone else, taking all your possessions with you: · If the landlord raises the rent again, we'll just have to move out.· Diana and I aren't together any more. I've moved out.move out of: · Tom moved out of his apartment in Toronto last month. ► leave home if a young person leaves home , they leave their parents' house because they think they are old enough to live on their own: · Gwen had left home at 18 to find a job in New York.· The house is getting too big for us now that both the children have left home.· Jane was sure that her decision to leave home and marry Joe was the right one. ► run away if a young person runs away , they secretly leave their parents' home or the place where they are living because they are very unhappy there: · I ran away at the age of twelve, but my Dad came and found me at the bus station before I could leave town.run away to: · At the age of fifteen, Malcolm ran away to California.run away from home: · Thousands of children run away from home each year. ► vacate a word used especially in hotels, on notices etc meaning to leave the room or house you have been staying in, taking all your possessions with you: · Guests are requested to vacate their rooms before 12 o'clock on the day of departure. to leave quickly in order to avoid trouble, danger etc► run off/away · They ran off as soon as they heard the police car coming.run off/away to · My brother ran away to South America to escape his debts.· Zimmerman was so scared, he just ran off.· Why did you run off like that? Was Joey nasty to you? ► shoot off British informal to leave a place very quickly, often in order to avoid a difficult situation: · Arthur shot off before anyone could say anything.· I've really got to shoot off - I said I'd be home ten minutes ago. ► not see somebody for dust British informal if you do not see someone for dust , they leave somewhere very quickly in order to avoid something, especially something that they should stay for: · If you tell him it's his turn to buy the drinks, you won't see him for dust! ► make yourself scarce informal to quickly leave a place when something embarrassing or awkward is likely to happen: · You'd better make yourselves scarce before the manager gets here.· When Gary and Clare began to argue, Reg decided to make himself scarce. to continue for longer than was planned or expected► overrun/run over if an activity such as a meeting or game overruns or runs over , it continues longer than it is supposed to do: · The meeting is going to overrun so we'd better find out what time they close the building.· If the ceremony runs over, I'll switch to Channel 17.overrun by 10 minutes/an hour/two days etc: · The scenes were cut because the preceding programme overran by 10 minutes.run over time: · Well, what do you know? We've run over time, and there's no time for questions. ► run on informal to last for a long time, especially longer than expected or planned: · Don't allow meetings to run on; set an agenda and stick to it.· Business lunches do tend to run on sometimes.· Sorry, I'm running on a bit. What did you want to say? to make something quickly using whatever materials you have► knock off/knock up informal to make something quickly and without using much effort: knock off/up something: · She was always good on the sewing machine. She could knock off an outfit in two hours.knock somebody up something British: · I could knock you up a couple of poached eggs. ► throw together to make something quickly and not very carefully, especially because you are in a hurry: throw together something: · Sheryl had thrown together his costume somewhat haphazardly.throw something together: · We had 15 minutes to throw lunch together, eat, and get changed. ► rig up to quickly make something such as a piece of equipment that you only need for a short time, using various materials that you have available: rig up something: · You don't have blinds or curtains so you'll need to rig up something to shut out the sunlight.rig something up: · Can you rig a gate up to stop the dog getting into my room?· There's a shower rigged up at the back of the cabin. ► cobble together to quickly and roughly make something by hand, using a few simple materials: cobble together something: · She cobbled together a tent from a few pieces of string and a sheet.cobble something together into something: · We were always searching for bits of junk we could cobble together into something artistic. ► run up British to quickly make a piece of clothing or some curtains, especially using a sewing machine: · There's a woman at the end of our street who will run up some curtains for me.· "I like your dress." "Oh, thank you. It's just something I ran up last night." ► improvise to make something using whatever you have available, when you do not have the correct materials: · They had improvised an alarm, using string and empty cans.improvise something out of something: · I improvised a sling for his arm out of a strip of cloth. ► makeshift made using any materials or objects that are available at the time in order to be used only for a short time: · Using an old tree-trunk as a makeshift table, we ate our picnic.· When we reached the river we found that the makeshift bridge had been swept away.· They rigged up the canvas boat-cover as a makeshift sail. to report the news► report · We aim to report the news as fairly and fully as possible.· This is Gavin Williams, reporting from the United Nations in New York.· His victory was not widely reported in the Western media.report on · The Post sent her to Bangladesh to report on the cholera epidemic.report that · The newspaper reported that he had supplemented his income with thousands of dollars from the federal budget.be reported to be/have done something (=reported in a newspaper or news programme) · He was reliably reported to be drunk at the White House reception. · She is reported to have thrown a glass of wine at her former boss. ► cover to report the details of an event or a series of events for a newspaper or news programme: · He was sent to Northern Ireland to cover the peace talks.· a magazine covering women's issues ► run a story if a newspaper or news programme runs a story , it reports a particular event, especially something that people did not previously know about: · The Editor decided not to run the story until all the facts were known.· USA Today did not run the story until Ashe had made his announcement. when something is not organized well► disorganized also disorganised British not arranged according to any kind of order or plan: · She gave a long disorganized speech that left everyone confused.totally/completely disorganized: · Her files were completely disorganized - she could never find anything she wanted.· a totally disorganized rescue effort ► badly organized also badly organised British not well organized - use this about events or activities that are not successful, because they have not been planned well: · The festival was very badly organized - nobody seemed to know what they were doing.· There was widespread criticism that the relief operation was slow and badly organized. ► badly run a business or organization that is badly run produces bad results because it is badly managed or organized: · The company is not badly run, but it still has not made a profit.· Critics say that the mayor's office is badly run and corrupt. ► chaotic extremely disorganized: · The city is a sprawling chaotic metropolis of some eight million residents.· Newscasts continued to broadcast images of the chaotic minutes after the shooting.· We flew on the day after Christmas and the situation at the airport was completely chaotic. ► be a mess/be a shambles informal if a situation or event is a mess or a shambles , it is very badly organized or badly controlled, and nothing good or useful is being achieved: · The social security system in this country is a mess.a complete/hopeless etc mess: · The whole conference was a complete mess from start to finish.in a mess/shambles: · The prolonged war has left the nation's economy in a shambles. ► in disarray if a group such as a political party is in disarray , it is disorganized and no longer effective, especially because the people who belong to it cannot agree with each other and cannot work together: · The defeated army retreated in disarray.in complete/total etc disarray: · The Democrats were in complete disarray after last year's disastrous elections.throw something into disarray (=make it become disorganized): · The chairman's resignation threw the organization into disarray. to begin to owe money► get into debt · The only way we could avoid getting into debt was to borrow money from our parents.get heavily into debt (=begin to owe a lot of money) · They got so heavily into debt that they couldn't even pay the interest on their loans. ► run up a debt to allow your debts to increase quickly, especially by continuing to spend money that you do not really have: · The government has run up an unrepayable debt of $6 billion.run up debts: · I'm not in the habit of running up debts.· His son was wild and irresponsible and had run up debts that he expected his father to pay. ► default to not pay back a debt that you should pay according to the law: · If the purchaser defaults, the house becomes the property of the savings and loan company.default on: · In those days, anyone who defaulted on a loan was put in prison. to have a problem► have a problem · If you have any problems, just come and ask me.· I had a few problems getting the copier to work.have a problem with · I'm having a bit of a problem with my dishwasher.· One landowner says he has never had any problems with hikers crossing his property.· Jane can be quite difficult to get on with -- I've had one or two problems with her in the past. ► have trouble/difficulty to have problems that make it more difficult to do something: · You look as if you're having trouble -- do you want any help?have trouble/difficulty with: · I had some trouble with the car this morning.· She's having a little difficulty with her spelling.have trouble/difficulty doing something: · He had a lot of trouble finding a job.· The child was having difficulty breathing. ► be in trouble to have serious problems: · It's clear from these figures that the company is in trouble.· When someone's in trouble it's natural to try and help them.get into trouble (=start having serious problems): · I took out a loan but got into trouble when I lost my job.in deep/serious/big trouble (=have very serious problems): · Consular officers can help and advise you if you are in any serious trouble while abroad. ► have a hard time to have a lot of problems or a lot of difficulty doing something: · Premature babies have a hard time even under the best of circumstances.have a hard time doing something: · A lot of people are having a hard time making ends meet.· Anyone calling the 202 area code this weekend had a hard time getting through. ► be faced with to have a problem, a difficult choice, or the possibility of something bad happening soon: · We are often faced with dilemmas or problems which have no easy answers.· Manufacturing industries are faced with decreasing productivity and increasing international competition.· When faced with an unfamiliar word, good readers are able to make guesses based on the meaning and structure of the sentence. ► be up against to have a difficult problem or opponent that you must deal with or fight against: · The company is up against tough competition from abroad.· When you're surfing and get hit by a wave, it's a reminder of what you're up against.· In the semi-finals he will be up against one of the best players in the game. ► come up against to start having problems or difficulties that you have to deal with: · Older people applying for jobs come up against an age barrier.· The committee found itself coming up against the prejudices of many staff when it tried to introduce new working practices. ► encounter to experience problems, difficulties, or opposition while you are trying to do something: · Drivers on the M25 are likely to encounter fog and black ice tonight.· Many of the children encountered some difficulty in learning the material.· The government has encountered strong opposition over its plans to build a new airport. ► run into problems/difficulties to unexpectedly start having problems while you are doing something: · The corporation has run into serious financial problems.· Our staff will be happy to answer your questions should you run into difficulties installing the equipment yourself. ► have a lot on your plate informal to have a lot of difficult problems to deal with or a lot of things to worry about: · Don't bother your mother -- she's got a lot on her plate at the moment.· Susan's had a lot on her plate recently, what with the car accident and everything. when a company reduces its activities, the amount it spends etc► scale down also scale back American to reduce something, such as the size of an organization or a plan, so that it is still operating but on a smaller level: scale down/back something: · European central banks have scaled down their operations in South Africa.scale something down/back: · The two companies have announced plans to scale back production next year.· Development projects were scaled down, and some proposals for new buildings were put on hold. ► cut back to reduce the numbers of something or the time or money spent on something, especially because you can no longer afford to continue at the previous level: cut back on: · Her friends know that she is under stress and have warned her to cut back on her workload.cut back something: · Our budget has been cut back this year.· Farmers have agreed to cut back wheat production.cut something back: · We have had to cut expenditure back in an effort to increase profits. ► downsize/rightsize especially American to reduce the number of people who work for a company, especially in order to save money: · They are downsizing the workforce in a desperate attempt to save the firm.· Advised to rightsize its operation, the company has shrunk to 2,000 employees. ► pare down to reduce something by small amounts over a period of time so that the effect is not very serious or noticeable while it is happening: pare down something: · The company has pared down expenditure and hopes to recoup its losses this year.pare something down: · We have managed to pare our costs down to the absolute minimum. ► rationalize also rationalise British to try to make a company more effective by getting rid of unnecessary workers etc: · We are a small company, and we need to rationalize if we want to compete in this market.· The company has done a lot to rationalize production. ► wind down to gradually reduce the work of a company or organization so that it can be closed down completely: wind something down: · The old sickness benefit system is slowly being wound down.wind something down: · I want to return in a few years' time - I've already started to wind the business down. ► run down especially British to deliberately make something such as a company, an industry, or a public service weaker and weaker, by giving it less and less money: run down something: · Opposition leaders are accusing the government of running down the Health Service.run something down: · They buy up rival companies then just run them down. ► trim to reduce something by a small amount that will not harm or change it very much, especially in order to save money: · By trimming costs and improving service the hotel has now started to make a profit again.trim something by 10% etc: · The proposed bill would trim welfare spending by $5 billion. ► streamline to reduce the costs of something such as a service or industry by employing fewer people, reducing the number of things you produce or provide etc - used especially in business contexts: · The government is once again attempting to streamline the health care service in order to pay for tax cuts.· The company announced it was to streamline its operations and close down three factories in the UK. when you are in a situation where there are risks► risk to get into a situation where something very unpleasant might happen to you as a result of something you do: · Many refugees risk death or arrest in their attempts to flee persecution.risk doing something: · I don't want to risk offending your parents.risk your life: · The Carnegie Hero awards are given to those who risk their lives to save others. ► run a risk to be in a situation where something bad might happen to you, especially because of something you do: · The people who use these drugs are often unaware of the risks they are running.run a risk of doing something: · Men run a greater risk of dying from heart disease than women.· Rather than running the risks of using harmful pesticides in your garden, try using natural or organic methods of pest control. ► be at risk to be in a situation in which you risk being harmed or losing something very important or valuable: · The children were removed from the family because their father was violent and they were believed to be at risk.be at risk ofalso + for American: · Those with fair skin are more at risk of skin cancers than those with dark skin.· Some firms provide health checks for employees who are at risk of back injury. ► be in danger to be in a situation in which something harmful might happen, often caused by your own actions: · The test helps identify pregnant women who are in danger of miscarriage.be in danger of doing something: · The Democrats are in danger of alienating their traditional supporters.· If the team doesn't start winning, Coach Sanders could be in danger of losing his job. ► high-risk likely to be in particular danger of something bad happening, or likely to involve greater risks than usual: · high-risk occupations such as construction work· The AIDS awareness campaign was targeted mainly at high-risk groups, especially drug users and prostitutes. ► lay yourself open to also leave yourself open to American to do or say something that makes it likely that people will blame you, criticize you etc: · He has left himself open to charges of racism.· Any journalist who writes a story without checking his facts is simply laying himself open to criticism. ► be on dangerous ground/in dangerous territory to talk about a particular subject when there is a risk that you may offend, annoy, or or upset someone: · A boss who puts his arm around an employee is on dangerous ground and could risk charges of harassment.· I realized I was in dangerous territory, and steered the conversation away from his business interests. fire/liquid/gas► spread if fire, liquid, smoke etc spreads , it moves outwards in all directions to cover a larger area: · The forest fires in the Northwest are spreading out of control.spread through/across/to etc: · By then, the flood water had spread across 80 square miles of farmland.· She knocked over her glass, and a dark pool of wine spread over the tablecloth.· The fire quickly spread to several nearby factories. ► permeate if a gas, liquid, smoke etc permeates a space or substance, it gradually spreads through the whole of it: · Soon the gas had permeated the entire area.· The stench of smoke permeated the air. ► run if a colour runs , it spreads beyond where it should be and begins to colour other things, especially because it has got wet: · I'm afraid the colors ran when I washed your shirt.· She had started crying and her make-up was running down her face. to do a test on something in order to check it or find out about it► do a test/an experiment also conduct/perform an experiment/a test formal · He has a blood test done each week to see how effective the medication is.· Children can use the magnet to perform many simple experiments.· The company did not conduct adequate safety tests.do a test/an experiment on · The space shuttle crew conducted experiments on plants and cells in a special lab. ► test to do a test on something to find out whether it works or to get more information about it: · Test your brakes to check they are working correctly.· The devices were tested very carefully and are considered safe.test something on somebody/something: · These products have not been tested on animals.test something for something (=to find out whether it has a substance in it): · The water is being tested for signs of chemical pollution. ► run a test to do a test, especially one that is often used, or one that has been prepared and is ready to be done: · Doctors ran tests to determine the cause of his irregular heartbeat.· We think the equipment is working fine, but we still need to run a few more tests. ► carry out tests if someone such as a doctor or scientist carries out tests , they do a set of tests in order to find out what is wrong, what needs improving etc: · Police scientists are carrying out tests on the murder victim's clothes.· Results of tests carried out at this clinic are always strictly confidential. ► try out to test an object such as a tool or piece of equipment by using it, or to test a plan or idea by doing it: try something out: · Toy manufacturers use employees' children to try new products out.try out something: · He visited the center several times, trying out different computer software packages. ► put something to the test to test something, such as an idea, a belief, or a product, to see if it works as well as someone says it does or as you think it will: · The system's effectiveness will soon be put to the test.· The soldiers worked out a strategy which was then put to the test in a training exercise. ► pilot to test a new system or product using different groups of people in order to see how effective or popular it is: · The coursebook was piloted in schools all over Europe. to not have enough time to do something► not have (the) time/have no time · I'll look at it later. I haven't got time at the moment.· Harold was supposed to organize the trip, but he just didn't have the time.not have (the) time/have no time to do something · I didn't have time to take a shower this morning.· I haven't had time to write those letters yet.· We won't have time to practice tonight.not have (the) time/have no time for · I don't have time for lunch.· She says she has no time for relaxation. ► there is no time use this to say that there is not enough time for someone to do something: there is no time to do something: · The train was about to leave, and there was no time to buy a ticket.· There's no time to go through all these applications this morning.there is no time for: · Look, there's no time for that now. We have to get moving. ► run out of time to be unable to finish doing something within the time that you have to do it in: · I'm sorry, we seem to have run out of time. Thanks to everyone who took part.· I have to finish this by tomorrow, and I'm running out of time. to become tired► get tired · If you get tired, just stop for a while.· We talked until we both got tired and decided to go to bed.· Since her illness, she finds that she gets tired really easily. ► flag to start to get tired, especially if you are doing something that needs a lot of energy: · Jenny taught for four hours straight without flagging.· By the fifth game, I could see that my opponent was beginning to flag. ► tire yourself out/wear yourself out/exhaust yourself to become tired by doing things that take a lot of effort: · The baby's stopped crying. He must have tired himself out.· You're going to wear yourself out if you keep working so hard.· My poor mother had exhausted herself trying to get ready for company. ► burn out/burn yourself out to become tired, ill, and unable to continue, as a result of working too hard for too long, especially because you want very much to be successful: · If you don't stop working nights and weekends, you'll burn yourself out.· Most of these high-flying young executives burn out before they're 30. ► run out of steam to become so tired that you do not have enough energy to finish what you are doing, especially when you have been working hard for a long time: · The home team seemed to run out of steam well before the game was over.· Gail started the project with a lot of energy and enthusiasm, but at some point she just ran out of steam. ► tire yourself to become tired because of things that you do: · Get plenty of rest and try not to tire yourself unnecessarily. to put your hand on someone or something► touch to put your fingers or hand onto someone or something: · Don't touch the plates - they're hot!· I cut my knee last week, and it still hurts if I touch it.· Barry never lets anyone touch the piano.· "What are you thinking?" she asked, touching his arm. ► feel to touch something in order to find out how hard or soft, hot, cold etc it is: · Just feel this material - it's so soft!· The nurse felt his forehead to see if he had a fever.· "The flowers look so real - I can't believe they're silk," she said, feeling the petals. ► run your hand over/along/across/through etc to move your hand over something and feel the surface of it: · She ran her hand over the satiny black surface of the piano.· The man took off his cap and ran his hand through his thick brown hair.· I ran my hand along the wall, looking for a light switch. ► rub to move your hands or fingers quickly backwards and forwards over part of your body, while pressing down, especially in order to make a pain less severe: · Colin yawned and rubbed his eyes.· Could you rub my neck? It's really stiff.· Bill had fallen on the path and was rubbing his knee. ► scratch to rub your finger nails hard on part of your skin, for example because it itches: · Don't scratch - the rash will get infected.· He sat scratching his head, trying to think of the answer.· There's a spot in the middle of my back that itches - can you scratch it for me? ► fiddle with to hold something small in your hands and keep moving it around, especially because you are nervous or bored: · She fiddled nervously with her watch strap.· Stop fiddling with your toys and pay attention. to try to get elected► run also stand British · Ellis has not yet announced whether or not he will run.· I hope Ian will decide to stand because he'd make an excellent president.run for · Only eight percent of those standing for the National Party were women.run against · We've got an excellent candidate to run against Harwood in the election.stand for Parliament British · He first stood for Parliament in 1974 but failed to get in.stand for election British · If you want to change the way the committee does things, you should stand for election yourself.run for President/mayor/office etc · There are rumors going around that I'm running for President, but they're not true. ► fight especially British to try very hard to get elected, especially when this is difficult: fight an election: · The Prime Minister has decided to stay on to fight another election.fight somebody for something: · Neil Phillips will now fight Adams for leadership of the party. ► candidate someone who tries to get elected: · I think Reid is definitely the best candidate.candidate for: · She stood as the candidate for Hackney East.Conservative/Nationalist/Communist etc candidate: · My name is Andrew Fraser. I'm your Labour candidate.· the Democratic candidate to win easily► win easily · Everyone expected the Democrats to win easily.win something easily · She won the race easily with seconds to spare. ► win hands down to win very easily without having any problems: · The Socialists will win hands down if the election is free and fair.· The newer model wins hands down when it comes to speed and capacity. ► be no contest if a game, competition etc is no contest , one person or team wins so easily that it is impossible for their opponent to win: · In the end it was no contest. New Labour won more votes than even they thought possible. ► run away with to win a game or competition very easily, especially because you are much better than your opponents: · United have established a clear lead, and are threatening to run away with the championship. ► be a shoo-in American to be very likely to easily win an election, competition etc, by having many more points, votes etc than you opponents: · He looked like a shoo-in to win South Carolina's Republican presidential primary. ► sweep to victory to win very easily, in a way that impresses people - used especially in news reports: · Olson scored twice as the Rams swept to victory.· Nixon swept to victory by 47 million votes to 29 million. ► romp home British informal to win a race or game easily: · No goals were scored in the first half but Spurs romped home in the second, scoring four. to work independently and not for someone else► self-employed someone who is self-employed does not have a job with one particular employer, but instead works independently and does work for many different people: · Martin is a self-employed builder.· Most fashion models are self-employed, and find work through agencies.the self-employed (=people who are self-employed): · The government gives generous tax allowances to the self-employed. ► have/run your own business to own and manage a business, especially a small one such as a shop or restaurant: · She runs her own business, making and selling hand-knitted clothes.· It's always been Maria's ambition to have her own business.set up your own business (=begin running your own business): · People wanting to set up their own business should take expert financial advice. ► freelance working for several different organizations instead of being employed by only one - use this especially about people such as writers, designers, and photographers: freelance designer/journalist/photographer: · Jamie's trying to earn a living as a freelance photographer.freelance work/writing/photography etc: · Karen stayed at home while the children were small, and made a little money from freelance writing. ► be your own boss informal to work independently and not be employed by other people, and therefore be able to decide by yourself what you should do: · I'm not good at taking orders from anybody -- I prefer being my own boss.· Jim sacrificed a television career to set up in business and be his own boss. to not work hard enough► work if a machine or piece of equipment works or is working , it can be used without any problems because there is nothing wrong with it: · Does the old tape recorder still work?· We had to go to the laundromat because the washing-machine wasn't working.work fine/be working fine: · We tested the cable and it seems to be working fine.work well/be working well: · The new computers seem to work perfectly well, despite everyone's worries. ► be in working order if something is in working order , it is working well and safely, especially because it has been well-cared for: · The mill was built in the 16th century and is still in working order.be in good/perfect/top working order: · The guns were all clean and in good working order.· As far as he could tell the engine was in perfect working order. ► go British spoken /run American spoken to be working properly - use this especially about a car, clock, or watch: · I dropped my watch, but it's still going.· I don't mind what kind of car we rent as long as it runs. ► be up and running to be working well and without any problems - use this about computers or systems: · As soon as the new computer system is up and running, we can transfer our records onto it.· The new hiring process should be up and running by the end of the year. ► operational a place, system, or large piece of machinery that is operational is working and ready to be used at any time: · At least eight countries are known to have operational nuclear weapons.fully operational: · The terminal is fully operational and airlines will begin using it next week. ► on-stream especially British also on-line American a new system or large piece of machinery that is on-stream or on-line , is ready to be used - used especially in business: · All the oil refineries in the region are now back on-stream.come on-stream/on-line: · Another nuclear reactor is scheduled to come on-line in January.bring something on-stream/on-line: · With so much money in grants, we need to start thinking now about the projects we want to bring on-stream. WORD SETS► Clothesanorak, nounarm, nounascot, nounBabygro, nounbalaclava, nounbandanna, nounbaseball cap, nounbasque, nounbathing cap, nounbathing costume, nounbathing suit, nounbathing trunks, nounbathrobe, nounbath towel, nounbeachwear, nounbeading, nounbeanie, nounbearskin, nounbell-bottoms, nounbelt, nounbelted, adjectiveberet, nounbespoke, adjectivebib, nounbikini, nounblack-tie, adjectiveblazer, nounblouse, nounblue jeans, nounboa, nounbobble, nounbobble hat, nounbobby socks, nounbodice, nounbody, nounbody stocking, nounbody suit, nounboiler suit, nounbolero, nounbolo tie, nounbomber jacket, nounbonnet, nounboob tube, nounboot, nounbootee, nounbootlace, nounbottom, nounboxer shorts, nounbra, nounbraid, nounbrassiere, nounbreeches, nounbritches, nounbrogue, nounBurberry, business suit, nounbustle, nouncaftan, nouncagoule, nouncamiknickers, nouncamisole, nouncap, nouncape, nouncardigan, nouncare label, nouncarpet slipper, nouncassock, nouncast-offs, nouncasual, adjectivecat suit, nounchemise, nounchinos, nounchinstrap, nouncloak, nouncloche, nounclog, nouncloth cap, nouncoat, nouncoattails, nouncocked hat, nouncony, nouncoonskin, adjectivecope, nouncorset, nouncourt shoe, nouncouture, nouncowboy hat, nouncowl, nouncowl neck, nouncrew neck, nouncrinoline, nouncuff, nounculottes, nouncummerbund, nouncut, noundeck shoe, noundeerstalker, noundelicates, nounderby, noundicky, noundinner jacket, noundog collar, noundonkey jacket, noundouble-breasted, adjectivedoublet, noundrainpipe trousers, noundrawstring, noundress, noundressing gown, noundress shirt, noundress uniform, noundrip-dry, adjectivedry-clean, verbdry cleaner's, nounduffel coat, noundungarees, nounduster, nounearmuffs, nounelbow, nounensemble, nounespadrille, nounevening dress, nounfalsies, nounfashion, nounfashion show, nounfastener, nounfeather boa, nounfeathered, adjectivefez, nounfishnet stockings, nounfitting, nounfitting room, nounflannel, nounflannelette, nounflat, adjectiveflat cap, nounfleece, nounflip-flops, nounflipper, nounfloor-length, adjectiveflounce, nounflounced, adjectivefly, nounfootwear, nounformal, nounfox, nounfray, verbfrilly, adjectivefrock, nounfrock coat, nounfull, adjectivefull dress, nounfur, nounfuzz, noungabardine, noungaiter, noungaloshes, noungarment, noungarter, noungarter belt, noungather, verbgather, noungathering, noungauntlet, noungear, noungetup, noungirdle, nounglove, noungloved, adjectivegown, noungreatcoat, nounG-string, noungumboot, noungusset, noungym shoe, noungymslip, nounhaberdasher, nounhaberdashery, nounhalter, nounhand-me-down, nounhanger, nounhankie, nounhard-wearing, adjectivehat, nounhatpin, nounhatter, nounheadband, nounheaddress, nounheadscarf, nounhem, nounhem, verbhemline, nounhip pocket, nounhobnailed, adjectivehomburg, nounhooded, adjectivehook and eye, nounhose, nounhosiery, nounhot pants, nounhousecoat, nouninformal, adjectiveinsole, nouninstep, nouniron, nouniron, verbironing, nounjackboot, nounjacket, nounjammies, nounjeans, nounjerkin, nounjersey, nounJockey shorts, nounjockstrap, nounjodhpurs, nounjogging suit, nounjumper, nounjumpsuit, nounkaftan, nounkerchief, nounkhakis, nounkilt, nounkimono, nounknee breeches, nounknickerbockers, nounknickers, nounlace, nounlace-up, nounlapel, nounleg, nounleggings, nounleotard, nounlinen, nounloafer, nounloincloth, nounlong, adjectivelong johns, nounlounge suit, nounlow, adjectivelow-cut, adjectiveLycra, nounmac, nounmackintosh, nounmantle, nounmasquerade, nounmatinée jacket, nounmenswear, nounmilliner, nounmillinery, nounmini, nounminiskirt, nounmink, nounmitt, nounmitten, nounmob cap, nounmoccasin, nounmoleskin, nounmonogram, nounmoon boot, nounmorning coat, nounmorning dress, nounmorning suit, nounmourning, nounmuff, nounmuffler, nounmukluks, nounmule, nounmuu-muu, nounname-tape, nounnational costume, nounnational dress, nounneck, nounneckerchief, nounnecktie, nounnegligee, nounnightcap, nounnightclothes, nounnightdress, nounnightgown, nounnightie, nounnightshirt, nounnightwear, nounnon-iron, adjectiveoff-the-peg, adjectiveoilskin, nounone-piece, adjectiveopen, adjectiveopen-necked, adjectiveouterwear, nounoutfitter, nounoutsize, adjectiveoverall, nounovercoat, nounoverdressed, adjectiveovershoe, nounoxford, nounpadded, adjectivepanama hat, nounpanel, nounpantaloons, nounpanties, nounpants, nounpantyhose, nounparka, nounpatch, nounpatch, verbpatent leather, nounpeak, nounpencil skirt, nounpetticoat, nounpillbox, nounpinafore, nounpinny, nounpith helmet, nounpj's, nounplimsoll, nounplus fours, nounpolo neck, nounpolo shirt, nounponcho, nounpre-shrunk, adjectivepull-on, adjectivepullover, nounputtee, nounpyjamas, nounraglan, adjectiveraincoat, nounrainproof, adjectiveready-to-wear, adjectiveregalia, nounrevealing, adjectiverobe, nounrobed, adjectiverubber boot, nounruff, nounruffle, nounrun, verbrun, nounsable, nounsaddle shoe, nounsailor suit, nounsandal, nounsari, nounsarong, nounsartorial, adjectivesash, nounsatchel, nounscarf, nounschool tie, nounscoop neck, nounseamed, adjectiveseamless, adjectiveseparates, nounshawl, nounshell suit, nounshirt, nounshirtfront, nounshirt tail, nounshoe, nounshoehorn, nounshoelace, nounshoemaker, nounshoestring, nounshoulder, nounshoulder strap, nounshowerproof, adjectivesinglet, nounskin-tight, adjectiveskirt, nounskull cap, nounslicker, nounslingback, nounslip, nounslip-ons, nounslipper, nounsmock, nounsmoking jacket, nounsmuggling, nounsnap, nounsnappy, adjectivesneaker, nounsnowshoe, nounsnug, adjectivesock, nounsole, nounsole, verbsombrero, nounsou'wester, nounsox, nounsporran, nounsport coat, nounsport jacket, nounsports coat, nounsport shirt, nounsports jacket, nounsports shirt, nounsporty, adjectivestay, nounStetson, nounstiletto, nounstocking, nounstole, nounstone-washed, adjectivestraitjacket, nounstrip, nounstud, nounsuit, nounsundress, nounsun hat, nounsurplice, nounsuspender belt, nounsweatband, nounsweater, nounsweatpants, nounsweatshirt, nounsweat suit, nounswimming costume, nounswimming trunks, nounswimsuit, nounswimwear, nountailcoat, nountank top, nountee shirt, nounten-gallon hat, nounTerylene, nounthermal, adjectivethong, nounthree-piece suit, nountights, nountoga, nountop, nountopcoat, nountopee, nountop hat, nountopi, nountopper, nountracksuit, nountrain, nountrench coat, nountrilby, nountrousers, nountrouser suit, nounT-shirt, nountube top, nountuck, verbtuck, nountunic, nounturban, nounturtleneck, nountutu, nountuxedo, nountweed, nountwinset, nountwo-piece, adjectiveunderclothes, noununderdressed, adjectiveundergarment, noununderpants, nounundershirt, noununderwear, nounundies, noununiform, noununiformed, adjectiveunion suit, nounupper, nounveil, nounvelour, nounvelvet, nounvisor, nounvoluminous, adjectivewaist, nounwaistband, nounwaistcoat, nounwaistline, nounwardrobe, nounwashing, nounwaterproof, nounwear, nounwedding dress, nounwellie, nounwellington, nounwelly, nounwet-look, adjectivewet suit, nounwimple, nounwind breaker, nounwing collar, nounwingtip, nounwool, nounwoollen, adjectivewoollens, nounwoolly, adjectivewoolly, nounworsted, nounwrap, nounwrap-around, adjectivewrinkle, nounwristband, nounY-fronts, nounyoke, nounzoot suit, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► came running Phrases![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (=get its power from electricity etc) ► keep the engine running![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (=when someone is hit by a driver who does not stop)· A woman is fighting for her life after a hit-and-run accident. ► run/carry an advertisement (=print or broadcast an advertisement)· Broadcasters are no longer allowed to run cigarette advertisements. ► publish/carry/run an article (=print it in a newspaper or magazine)· The magazine carried an article on the dangers of being overweight. ► run up a bill (=use a lot of something so that you have a big bill to pay)· It’s easy to run up a big bill on your mobile phone. ► buses run (=go at regular times)· The buses run less frequently on a Sunday. ► run a business (=manage it)· There’s plenty of advice available on how to run your own business. ► lay/run a cable (=put one in position somewhere)· In the 1860s the first cables were laid under the oceans. ► run a café (=be in charge of a café)· His father ran a café in Lerwick. ► run/wage/conduct a campaign (=carry out a campaign)· He ran an aggressive campaign. ► run a car (=have a car and pay for the petrol, repairs etc it needs)· People on low incomes can’t afford to run a car. ► cheap to run/use/maintain etc![]() ![]() (=especially on something that is strange or suspicious)· You should run a virus check before downloading from the Internet. ► go/run through a checklist (=read it to see what still needs doing)· I’ll just run through the checklist one more time. ► a close-run thing![]() (=organize one)· My Dad helps to run the rowing club. ► come running/flying/speeding etc![]() (=continuous commentary while an event is happening)· The coach driver gave us a running commentary on where we were going. ► run/manage a company· Nick runs a property company. ► run a competition (=organize it)· The company is running an inventions competition with a first prize of £1,000. ► software/a program runs on a computer· You’ll need the appropriate software running on your computer. ► run concurrently![]() (=the amount it costs to run a business, a machine etc)· The new technology is cheaper and the running costs are lower. ► run/govern the country (=officially control a country)· The government has the job of running the country. ► run a course· The course is run by the British Council. ► something takes/runs its course (=develops in the usual or natural way)· There was nothing we could do except watch the illness run its course. ► day-to-day running![]() (=continuing for a long time)· the long-running debate about the future of our inner cities ► run up debts (also amass debts formal) (=borrow more and more money)· At that time he was drinking a lot and running up debts. ► run into/get into difficulties (=find yourself in a difficult situation)· Three people were rescued from a boat that had got into difficulties. ► a long-running dispute (=continuing for a long time)· India’s long-running dispute with Pakistan ► a ditch runs along/down etc something· A muddy ditch ran along the side of the field. ► a hit-and-run driver (=in which a car driver hits someone and does not stop)· The boy was in hospital after being knocked down by a hit-and-run driver. ► run for election (also stand for election British English) (=try to become elected)· If you plan to stand for election to the committee, you must be nominated by three members. ► the run-up to the election (=the period of time before an election)· There have been violent street protests in the run-up to the elections. ► run an empire (=be in charge of it)· She now runs a whole media empire. ► run out of energy (=have no more energy)· The players seemed to be running out of energy. ► an engine runs· He parked outside the bank and kept the engine running. ► running errands![]() · He manages a large dairy farm. ► feelings are running high (=people have strong feelings, especially of anger)· It was the last game of the season, and feelings were running high. ► running a fever![]() ![]() ![]() (=use fuel as the source of power)· Will this engine run on unleaded fuel? ► run out of fuel (=use all the fuel available and have none left)· The ship ran out of fuel and drifted helplessly. ► something is running low on fuel (=it does not have much fuel left)· The plane was running low on fuel. ► ran full tilt![]() ![]() ![]() (=touch someone’s hair in a loving way)· He ran his fingers through her smooth silky hair. ► run a headline (=use a headline)· One tabloid paper ran the headline: ‘Disney Theme Park Found On Mars’. ► ran headlong into![]() ![]() · They run a small hotel in Cornwall. ► let your imagination run wild (also let your imagination run riot British English) (=allow yourself to imagine many strange or wonderful things)· He uses painting as a way of letting his imagination run riot. ► inflation is running at 3%/4% etc (also inflation stands at 3%/4% etc) (=used to talk about the present rate of inflation)· Inflation currently stands at 3.2%. ► a running joke (=in which people always laugh when the same situation happens, or when someone says something)· It’s a running joke in our house that my husband can never find his keys. ► do/run/swim a lap![]() · He leaned back in his chair and laughed till the tears ran down his face. ► a lease runs (=continues for a period of time)· The lease will run for 21 years. ► a lease runs out (also a lease expires formal) (=it stops)· Their lease runs out in June. ► run the length of something (=exist along the whole length of something)· A long corridor ran the length of the building. ► a licence runs out (also a licence expires formal) (=it ends)· Her driver’s license had expired. ► be worth it in the long run![]() ![]() ![]() (=to earn less money from something you sell than it costs you to produce it) ► be/get/run low (on something)![]() ![]() ![]() (=they stop having good luck)· Finally my luck ran out and they caught me. ► a run of good/bad luck (=a series of good or bad things)· The team has had a run of bad luck lately, losing their last five games. ► run ... macro![]() ![]() (=that someone does, drinks etc in the morning)· She read the paper while drinking her morning coffee. ► somebody's nose is running (=liquid is coming out)· She was crying hard and her nose was running. ► meet (with) opposition/run into opposition (=face opposition)· A new tax would meet a lot of opposition.· The Bill ran into opposition in the House of Lords. ► running parallel![]() (=people are very excited, angry, or upset)· The judge's decision is expected today and passions are running high. ► run out of patience (with somebody)· She was wonderful with the children, and never ran out of patience. ► run out of petrol· They ran out of petrol some miles from their destination. ► run on petrol· Many older vehicles have been converted to run on unleaded petrol. ► a play runs (=it continues to be performed)· The play ran for five months. ► run a program· You have to input this information every time you run the program. ► run a race· I thought I ran a good race. ► ran ... ragged![]() (=small things that you do to something to keep it working properly)· Farm workers made their own tools and carried out their own running repairs. ► a river runs (=it flows in a particular direction)· the place where the river runs into the sea ► run out into a road· He had to swerve when a child ran out into the road. ► a road leads/goes/runs somewhere· We turned into the road leading to the village. ► had a run-in![]() · A scar ran from the corner of his eye to under his jawbone. ► be running scared (=feel scared, especially because someone might catch you or defeat you)· The opposition were running scared. ► run/operate a scheme· Parent volunteers help run the scheme. ► the school run British English (=the journey taking children to and from school each day)· She had to be back in time for the school run. ► doing the school run![]() ![]() · The residents were running for shelter from the bombing. ► shiver ran through![]() · Get yourself a good pair of running shoes if you want to take up running. ► run/operate/do something on a shoestring![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() · To run the software, you will need the latest version of Windows. ► run a story (=print it or broadcast it)· There wasn’t enough definite information to run the story. ► sweat runs/pours somewhere· My hand was shaking and sweat was pouring off my forehead. ► use/run/operate a system· They use a system of grades to evaluate each hospital’s performance.· We operate a booking system. ► ran up a ... tab![]() (=make water flow out of it)· She stood at the sink, running the tap to get a glass of cold water. ► a tap is running (=water is flowing out of it)· I think you must have left the tap running. ► a running tap· Wash the cut under a running tap. ► tears run/roll/stream down somebody’s face· Oliver laughed until tears ran down his face. ► thread running through![]() (=manage a company, organization etc strictly and effectively) ► time is running out (=there is not much time left to do something)· Doctors are looking for a suitable donor, but time is running out. ► run track![]() (=take people from one place to another at fixed times)· Trains run from two main London stations, Victoria and Charing Cross, every hour. ► up and running![]() (=it ends)· I had 14 days to leave the country because my visa had expired. ► somebody’s watch is fast/runs fast (=it shows a later time)· No, it’s only 12.15 – your watch must be fast. ► somebody’s watch is slow/runs slow (=it shows an earlier time)· 'He’s late.' 'Maybe his watch is running slow.' ► running water (=water that comes out of a system of pipes into buildings)· Only half the city’s houses had running water. ► water runs· I let the cool water run down my back. ► imagination ... run wild![]() · There were some heart-stopping moments in the Town goalmouth, but they survived and nearly ran off with a win.· He ran off, shouting his news.· The cabby refused and grabbed him by the arm, at which point the robber pulled free and ran off.· George and Russell were talking about a white-face year-ling that had run off earlier in the summer.· Water running off the maize fields is contaminated with dieldrin, then drunk by cattle.· Cowher was screaming at him and backpedaling as the official tried to run off the field.· They ran off as fast as their legs would carry them.· Trying to run off left tackle, he collided with his own lineman. ► smoothly· Once the engine is running smoothly, a backfire can be dramatic.· Tiny, energetic, imaginative, she drove advertising sales to ever-new heights and kept the business departments running smoothly.· My job as duty officer involves keeping Teesside Airport running smoothly at all times.· I am here to see that this runs smoothly for New York and New York delegation.· Yes, things were running smoothly once more.· Though they seemed to have refined the outward form of marriage, I suspected that underneath not everything ran smoothly.· Remember how the cool salad dressing ran smoothly over the crunchy lettuce.· Like every other business, it needs good management to keep it running smoothly, especially during times of change. ► up· Every major road out of the centre had its tramway running up the centre of a dual carriageway.· Then the boy ran up the stairs and slammed his bedroom door.· The rat turned, ran up the rope again and disappeared.· Band members sing spontaneous and insulting ditties, needling the girls as they run up the court or in-bound the ball.· Without the enormous costs run up by the Royal Navy vessel, the Yard would have made profits of £6.5m.· Without even realizing, it runs up a payroll tax bill of $ 85, 000.· Owls were hooting in the forest when some one came running up the path and hammered on the door.· A grunt ran up and told us to crank. NOUN► business· You simply buy the rights to run a known-name business.· Their entire squad consists of Mario, who runs a linen business.· A remarkable 40 percent wanted to run their own business and a quarter expected to do so.· He ran the business part time until last January.· James Stavanger, the father of the present chairman, Andrew Stavanger, ran the business between the wars.· So all I could do was try to get the property back, and with the license try to run a business.· She runs a natural therapy business in nearby Brereton Heath.· Liz decided she would work part-time in a bookstore on weekends and attend some seminars on starting and running a business. ► campaign· But it's also true that opponents will be free to run and campaign.· Four years ago Mr Nader, now 66, was accused of running a lacklustre campaign.· He is seen as having run a vigorous campaign, despite a lack of resources.· The two joked about running a joint write-in campaign, then started to take the joke seriously.· He runs a clever grassroots campaign based on small contributors and free radio time.· The option of private employment aside, Vargas has been acting like some one running a campaign.· A concatenation of events particularly damaging Mrs Thatcher was subsequently compounded by errors of tactics and organisation by those running her campaign.· He ran a lackluster campaign for president in the 1992 primaries. ► course· Target business to be run in ordinary course up to completion with no material changes in trading performance or net assets.· For nearly three weeks, doctors whittled at his body as the last of the burns ran their course.· Regular times or meetings on the timetable ... It should be very clear who is running the course and the methods.· A bitter national depression, born of the panic of 1893, was near to running its course.· Another attempt is being made to run an assertiveness course in the North-East.· Yet no one wanted to commit troops until ethnic cleansing and exhaustion had run their course.· The aim was to provide users with information on Microsoft Corp products and to run graduate and Masters courses in Microsoft technology.· Instead, recessions will be allowed to run their course and governments will simply wait for a recovery. ► engine· To avoid this and also to facilitate starting, engines are set to run about fifteen percent rich on the ground.· A jet turbine engine may run for 40, 000 hours before being rebuilt.· Once the engine is running smoothly, a backfire can be dramatic.· By adjusting the governor, Watt could vary the steam engine to run at any rate.· The car engine continued to run despite my having the ignition key in my pocket!· If it isn't mixed properly it won't burn and the engine won't run.· Next to it stood the engine which ran it, and the engineer. ► finger· Then he ran his finger round his neck and held up three fingers of his left hand.· He pushed more hair aside, ran his fingers down above his ear.· Droplets of blood ran over his fingers and dripped on to the floor.· More girls were chosen, grabbed their evening bags, ran quick fingers through their hair.· I put my hand in and tapped the rear of the little compartment, running my fingers over the surface.· He ran a mental finger down an imaginary list.· He ran his fingers over the wall. ► hand· She ran a hand through her hair and glanced up at the fighters again, one arm linked through Plummer's.· When he ran his hand over it, a sprinkle of grit fell to the floor.· He ran a skeletal hand over the bristles of his hair.· Here, touch this surface while running your other hand up the inside of your thigh.· Clutching himself he crawled back to the cabinet and ran a tentative hand over the woodwork.· I took a deep breath and ran my hands along my body.· He tested the tension of each wire, and ran his hand over the timber to ensure the joinery was perfect.· Sarah touched every wall, ran her hand over the woodwork, examined the closets and looked out the windows. ► length· A prickling sensation running the length of her spine told her that Rourke had made an appearance.· The loft ran the length of the house from front to back, and it was lit by two unshaded forty-watt bulbs.· The flexible rod in its back which runs the entire length of its body carries transverse bands of muscles.· A verandah ran the length of the front of the house.· Then winger Crawford Dobbin ran half the length of the pitch for the final score at the corner flag.· A long corridor ran down the length of the building with doors leading off on both sides.· I looked up and saw him clinging to a pipe that ran the length of one wall, high up.· There were four steps at each end of a loading-bay which ran the full length of the house. ► mile· Aragorn can run 135 miles in three days; he lives in full vigour for 210 years, dying on his birthday.· Mike Mussina looks like an athlete, lean and fit, ready to run the mile or pitch a no-hitter.· Some of the tunnels must have run for miles, winding in and out of the channels of water that threaded everywhere.· The road runs for another mile and then terminates, at the top of a hill.· His pole was impaling her to the absolute limit, and she began panting as if she'd just run the four-minute mile.· Owen Anderson kicks off by telling you the physical changes that occur when you run 26.2 miles. ► office· When the time came, one or other of the sons would come ashore to run the shipping offices.· The hand workers I know, running for union office, are being bred out of existence, even as crypto-yuppies.· The party was short of funds; and it was still being run from a tiny office with just four paid staff.· If Chicago was bombed, people would all run out of their offices to drive home.· He ran the office in Nice.· Being the manager means running my own office, using my ideas and thoughts.· Although more women than ever ran for office, there was no net change in the level of female representation.· The citizens who stepped out of the crowd and ran for office Tuesday showed they had that trait. ► risk· Knowledge of a risk does not equal consent to run that risk.· He did not want to run the risk of being brushed off.· Anyone who after time purchases goods from the defendant therefore runs the risk of having them seized by the sheriff.· A girl ran every risk of being killed if she confessed.· If a council crossed an upper threshold implied by them it ran the risk of being capped.· You always run the risk that your complaints get back to your boss, but you also might get some relief.· To do so would run the risk of compromising the most vulnerable part of the operation.· In less dramatic contexts many of us already run such risks. ► road· He turned into the main road that ran parallel with the unseen river.· He cycled out of 3-Wing on to the Hay-on-Wye road that ran through the camp.· It has several deep canyons incising into its southern flank, and an old road running within a few miles of it.· Oliver, who had a natural distaste for policemen, crossed the road and ran home, on the other side.· The empty road ran through thick jungle.· The road, running for much of the time parallel to the river Wharfe, was almost deserted.· The road runs for another mile and then terminates, at the top of a hill. ► shop· Mary Lowther, a fruiterer who runs a shop in Skinnergate.· Soo ran out of the shop to buy food.· Probably running a repair shop by now Or somebody's fleet.· Have you noticed how every bookstore seems to run a coffee shop?· His wife still runs a sweet shop in Buckinghamshire.· She ran the village shop, and hers was a busy life indeed.· Miss Asher also runs her own cake shop, which she opened three years ago in Chelsea.· Significantly, Chipie has run its own shops, as well as wholesaling its clothes, almost from the start. ► show· Lord Hesketh had poured his own fortune into the team and it was in his nature to run the whole show.· Besides, he was running the show.· Who are we to tell them that sovereignty is an illusion and to deny them the opportunity to run their own show?· We love the people who run the show.· In the meantime she had a business to run and a show to prepare.· Mary Ann Grabavoy and Cynthia Potter, a 1976 bronze medalist, will run the show.· The charitable organisation, the trust I am talking about happens to have four Eastern Board managers running the show.· Holzman says in a 1992 Nicholas Spark video that runs with the show. ► steam· M Mitterrand, in short, has run out of steam.· The market rallied early in 1995, but then ran out of steam.· My great-grandmother preferred to begin a meal with pudding in case she ran out of steam before the last course.· His passion is to say if the constitutional model has run out of steam, change it.· They have now run out of steam.· Mr Chuan was perceived to have run out of steam. ► tear· It's true when they say the tears eventually run out.· I cried till the tears all run down in my ears.· I felt tears running down my cheeks.· She hit the other one, and then sat stock-still; tears ran from her closed eyes.· When she blinked, the tears overflowed and ran back along her cheekbones to her ears, where the swaddling absorbed them.· These tears ran slowly down his face and over the hinges of his jaw, and there they rusted.· Fighting back shocked tears, she ran to the front door.· She burst into tears and ran down the hall to the kitchen. ► trouble· Mr Murdoch, like Mr Gower, has a way of playing that was bound to run into trouble.· But Netanyahu could run into trouble with his Cabinet and top advisers, or other disagreements could break out among the negotiators.· It depended for its prosperity on the local slate quarries and when these ran into trouble so did the railway.· But they run into trouble when Maj.· The women's union quickly ran into trouble though.· Societies that treat their constituent members as identical pawns soon run into trouble.· Some heavily-indebted developers have run into trouble, causing problems for the finance companies that back them.· The firm ran into trouble last year after evidence of fraud was found at some of its sites. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► run down something► run somebody/something down► run into hundreds/thousands etc Word family
WORD FAMILYnounrunrerunrunnerrunningoverrunverbrunoutrunoverrunrerunadjectiverunningrunnyadverbrunning 1move quickly using your legs a)[intransitive] to move very quickly, by moving your legs more quickly than when you walkrun down/up/to/towards etc![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() run1 verbrun2 noun runrun2 ●●● S1 W1 noun ![]() ![]() MENU FOR runrun1 on foot2 in the long run3 in the short run4 the usual/normal/general run of something5 series6 amount produced7 be on the run8 do something on the run9 make a run for it10 the run of something11 a run on something12 give somebody a (good) run for their money13 have a (good) run for your money14 illness15 play/film16 journey17 for animals18 sport19 winter sports20 election21 in clothes22 music23 card games ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorto run► run Collocations · You'll have to run or you'll miss the bus.· He kept on running until he was out in the open country.run across/through/along etc · A dog ran straight out in front of my car.· Run to the bathroom and get a towel.run for the bus/train etc (=in order to catch it) · Just running for the bus leaves me out of breath.run away/off (=run fast in order to leave a place) · They grabbed her purse and then ran off towards the subway.· Neil tried to catch the frightened animal, but it ran away from him.run around/round (=run in several different directions over a fairly large area, for fun) · The kids were running around and being silly.run after somebody/something (=chase someone) · Her dog was running after a rabbit and did not hear her calling. ► dash to run very quickly for a short distance, especially because you have to do something urgently: dash around/into/across etc: · Gillian saw two men dash past, but they didn't notice her.· I eventually found the place, and dashed up the stairs.dash off (=leave a place very quickly, for example because you are late): · We only have a few moments, because Heidi's got to dash off soon. ► make a run/dash/break for informal to start running quickly towards a place or thing to try to reach it or escape something: · It was raining, and we made a run for the car.· When the lecture was finally ovr, the students made a break for the exit.make a run/dash/break for it (=try to escape): · As soon as the guard turns around, we'll make a run for it.make a made dash for something (=run very quickly): · She heard the whistle and made a mad dash for the departing train. ► sprint to run as fast as you can, usually over a short distance: sprint towards/out/across etc: · Margaret sprinted down the street, almost collapsing when she reached us.sprint for the bus/train etc (=in order to catch it.): · The bus driver must have seen me sprinting for the bus, but he drove off. ► trot to run fairly slowly, taking short steps: trot in/across/towards etc: · She trotted softly through the passageway to the gate. · I looked up, and saw a dog trotting along the sidewalk toward me.trot along/back/off : · Dorothy arrived, with a little dog trotting along behind her. ► tear to run very quickly and without really looking where you are going, because you are in a hurry: tear along/past/through etc: · Bobby tore past, shouting something about being late for work.· A masked man came tearing out of the bank and jumped into a waiting car.tear off (=leave somewhere running very quickly): · Mary tore off downstairs, determined to see the visitors for herself. ► charge to run quickly and with a lot of energy, especially when you are going to attack someone or something: charge at/towards/into etc: · The doors flew open, and Pascoe charged across the foyer, scattering people in all directions. · Riot police with batons charged at soccer fans twice during last night's international with Spain.charge off (=leave somewhere in a hurry): · Don't charge off, I want a word with you. ► break into a run to suddenly start running, especially after you have been walking: · Suddenly two of the prisoners broke into a run, heading as fast as they could for the fence.· He walked swiftly, resisting the urge to break into a run. ► bound to move quickly forward with long high jumps: bound towards/across/up etc: · A big black Alsatian dog came bounding up to her.· There was a shout, and suddenly Adrian bounded into the room. to run as a sport or for exercise► run to run in a race or for exercise: · I think I'll probably run for about 40 minutes, then come back for a shower.run 2 miles/400metres etc: · She runs a couple of miles twice a week.· I ran four miles Saturday, and I can tell you I was exhausted after it.run a marathon/race/the 400 metres etc: · Omar's running the marathon this year. ► jog to run fairly slowly for a long distance, for exercise, and to keep healthy: · Have you been jogging this morning?jog along/down/past etc: · When I lived in Washington, I jogged along the river every morning.· There was a lady jogging down by the water with her dog. ► go for a run/jog also go running/jogging to go out and run in order to get exercise: · Kari and I are going for a run -- would you like to come?· Do you fancy coming jogging with me? ► sprint to run as fast as you can over a short distance, usually in a race: · Athletes who have been trained to sprint aren't usually very good at running long distances. to run with short quick steps► scurry to run with short quick steps, especially when you need to move quickly to escape from danger: scurry away/about/along etc: · We used to hear rats and mice scrurrying around in the attic at night.· His aides scurried about, murmuring to each other in Russian. ► scamper to run with very short quick steps, especially when running in a group and often in a playful way: scamper away/down/up etc: · The monkeys scampered down the tree, anxious to investigate what was happening on the ground.· Children were scampering and wrestling in the playground.· Jenny scampered off in excitement to set up the game. ► scuttle to run with short quick steps, especially to escape from something -- use this especially about small animals: scuttle across/out/past etc: · A loud bang sent all the crabs scuttling across the sand.· He spotted a cockroach as it scuttled out from under a bin bag. someone who has escaped► escaped use this to describe someone who has escaped , especially from a prison: · Police are on the lookout for three escaped prisoners.· Sherwood, an escaped convict, hunted down his ex-girlfriend and killed her. ► be on the loose/be at large someone who is on the loose or at large has escaped from the police or from a prison and is likely to be dangerous: · There's a killer on the loose, and we've got to find him.· Carillo's murderer remained at large yesterday as investigators continued their search. ► be on the run someone who is on the run is trying to hide or escape from someone who is chasing them, especially the police: · After the train robbery he spent three years on the run.be on the run from: · Dean was a drug addict who was constantly on the run from the police. ► fugitive someone who has escaped from the police or from danger, who has to keep moving from one place to another so that they will not be caught: · Porter escaped in 1995 and remains a fugitive.fugitive from: · a fugitive from Stalin's oppressive regime the points scored in a game or sport► point a unit you get when you achieve something during a game or competition: · Steve Jones is 15 points ahead.· Damon Hill leads the Formula 1 Championship, with 58 points from 6 races. ► score the number of points that the two teams or players have in a game: · What's the score?· The score at half-time was 12-18.final score (=the score at the end of the game): · The final score went up on the scoreboard, and the crowd let out a roar. ► goal the point you get when you make the ball go into the net in sports such as football or hockey: · Goal! Right in the last minute, England have scored.get/score a goal: · Florin Raducioiu scored four goals, putting Romania in the lead. ► result especially British the final number of points at the end of a competition: · Turn to BBC1 for the latest football results.· D'you know the result of the Arsenal game? ► run the point you get in cricket or baseball: · The West Indies beat Australia by 273 runs.score/get/hit a run: · Camilli scored 936 runs in 12 major-league seasons. WORD SETS► Agricultureagrarian, adjectiveagribusiness, nounagro-, prefixagro-industry, nounanimal husbandry, nounanimal rights, nounartificial insemination, nounbale, nounbale, verbbarn, nounbarnyard, nounbattery, nounbiotechnology, nounbreadbasket, nounbreed, verbbreeding, nounbroiler, nounbroiler chicken, nounBSE, nounbuckaroo, nounbull, nounbutcher, verbbyre, nouncapon, nouncattleman, nouncattle market, nouncattle prod, nounchaff, nounchicken, nounchicken run, nouncollective farm, nouncoop, nounco-op, nouncorral, nouncorral, verbcowboy, nouncowgirl, nouncowhand, nouncowpoke, nouncreamery, nouncroft, nouncrofter, nouncrofting, nouncultivate, verbcultivation, noundairy, noundairy cattle, noundairy farm, noundairymaid, noundairyman, nounDDT, noundip, verbdip, noundirt farmer, noundrover, noundry-stone wall, noundude ranch, nounDutch barn, nounextensive agriculture, factory farming, nounfallow, adjectivefarm, nounfarm, verbfarmer, nounfarmhand, nounfarmhouse, nounfarming, nounfarmland, nounfarmstead, nounfarmyard, nounfeedstock, nounfield, nounfishery, nounfish farm, nounfish meal, nounflail, verbflail, nounfleece, nounfodder, nounfold, nounfoot and mouth disease, nounforage, nounfowl, nounfree-range, adjectivefungicide, noungamekeeper, noungeld, verbgenetically modified, adjectivegentleman farmer, nounGM, adjectivegoatherd, noungraft, noungraft, verbgranary, noungreenhouse, noungreen revolution, nounGreen Revolution, nounhacienda, nounharrow, nounhatchery, nounhayloft, nounhaymaking, nounhaystack, nounheifer, nounhen house, nounherbicide, nounherd, nounherd, verbherdsman, nounhigh-yield, adjectivehired hand, nounhomestead, nounhomestead, verbhopper, nounhorticulture, nounhusbandry, nounhutch, nouninsecticide, nounintensive agriculture, irrigate, verbJersey, nounkibbutz, nounlamb, verbland agent, nounlasso, nounlasso, verblift, verblitter, nounlivestock, nounlonghorn, nounmad cow disease, nounmanure, nounmeat, nounmerino, nounmilk, nounmilk churn, nounmilking machine, nounmilking parlour, nounmilkmaid, nounmixed farming, nounmower, nounmuck, nounmuckheap, nounnursery, nounoast house, nounorangery, nounorchard, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic farming, paddock, nounpaddy, nounpasturage, nounpasture, nounpasture, verbpastureland, nounpen, nounperpendicular, adjectivepest, nounpesticide, nounpiggery, nounpigpen, nounpigsty, nounpigswill, nounpitchfork, nounplantation, nounplanter, nounplough, nounplough, verbploughboy, nounploughman, nounploughshare, nounpoultry, nounproducer, nounpullet, nounPYO, raise, verbranch, nounrancher, nounranching, nounrange, nounranger, nounrear, verbrick, nounrubber, nounrun, nounrustle, verbscarecrow, nounscythe, nounsharecropper, nounshare-cropper, nounshear, verbshearer, nounsheep-dip, nounsheepdog, nounsheep-pen, nounshepherd, nounshepherdess, nounsickle, nounsilage, nounsilo, nounslaughter, verbslaughterhouse, nounsmallholding, nounsow, verbsow, nounsprayer, nounstable, nounstable, verbstable boy, nounstall, nounstation, nounsteer, nounstock, nounstockbreeder, nounstockman, nounstockyard, nounstubble, nounsty, nounswill, nounswine, nounswineherd, nountenant farmer, nounterrace, nounthresh, verbthreshing machine, nountractor, nountrough, nountruck farm, nountrue, adverbudder, nounvillein, nounvineyard, nounweedkiller, nounweevil, nounwheat, nounwheatgerm, nounwheatmeal, nounwinnow, verbwool, nounwrangler, nounyoke, nounyoke, verb COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► goes for ... run Phrases![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (=when someone is hit by a driver who does not stop)· A woman is fighting for her life after a hit-and-run accident. ► run/carry an advertisement (=print or broadcast an advertisement)· Broadcasters are no longer allowed to run cigarette advertisements. ► publish/carry/run an article (=print it in a newspaper or magazine)· The magazine carried an article on the dangers of being overweight. ► run up a bill (=use a lot of something so that you have a big bill to pay)· It’s easy to run up a big bill on your mobile phone. ► buses run (=go at regular times)· The buses run less frequently on a Sunday. ► run a business (=manage it)· There’s plenty of advice available on how to run your own business. ► lay/run a cable (=put one in position somewhere)· In the 1860s the first cables were laid under the oceans. ► run a café (=be in charge of a café)· His father ran a café in Lerwick. ► run/wage/conduct a campaign (=carry out a campaign)· He ran an aggressive campaign. ► run a car (=have a car and pay for the petrol, repairs etc it needs)· People on low incomes can’t afford to run a car. ► cheap to run/use/maintain etc![]() ![]() (=especially on something that is strange or suspicious)· You should run a virus check before downloading from the Internet. ► go/run through a checklist (=read it to see what still needs doing)· I’ll just run through the checklist one more time. ► a close-run thing![]() (=organize one)· My Dad helps to run the rowing club. ► come running/flying/speeding etc![]() (=continuous commentary while an event is happening)· The coach driver gave us a running commentary on where we were going. ► run/manage a company· Nick runs a property company. ► run a competition (=organize it)· The company is running an inventions competition with a first prize of £1,000. ► software/a program runs on a computer· You’ll need the appropriate software running on your computer. ► run concurrently![]() (=the amount it costs to run a business, a machine etc)· The new technology is cheaper and the running costs are lower. ► run/govern the country (=officially control a country)· The government has the job of running the country. ► run a course· The course is run by the British Council. ► something takes/runs its course (=develops in the usual or natural way)· There was nothing we could do except watch the illness run its course. ► day-to-day running![]() (=continuing for a long time)· the long-running debate about the future of our inner cities ► run up debts (also amass debts formal) (=borrow more and more money)· At that time he was drinking a lot and running up debts. ► run into/get into difficulties (=find yourself in a difficult situation)· Three people were rescued from a boat that had got into difficulties. ► a long-running dispute (=continuing for a long time)· India’s long-running dispute with Pakistan ► a ditch runs along/down etc something· A muddy ditch ran along the side of the field. ► a hit-and-run driver (=in which a car driver hits someone and does not stop)· The boy was in hospital after being knocked down by a hit-and-run driver. ► run for election (also stand for election British English) (=try to become elected)· If you plan to stand for election to the committee, you must be nominated by three members. ► the run-up to the election (=the period of time before an election)· There have been violent street protests in the run-up to the elections. ► run an empire (=be in charge of it)· She now runs a whole media empire. ► run out of energy (=have no more energy)· The players seemed to be running out of energy. ► an engine runs· He parked outside the bank and kept the engine running. ► running errands![]() · He manages a large dairy farm. ► feelings are running high (=people have strong feelings, especially of anger)· It was the last game of the season, and feelings were running high. ► running a fever![]() ![]() ![]() (=use fuel as the source of power)· Will this engine run on unleaded fuel? ► run out of fuel (=use all the fuel available and have none left)· The ship ran out of fuel and drifted helplessly. ► something is running low on fuel (=it does not have much fuel left)· The plane was running low on fuel. ► ran full tilt![]() ![]() ![]() (=touch someone’s hair in a loving way)· He ran his fingers through her smooth silky hair. ► run a headline (=use a headline)· One tabloid paper ran the headline: ‘Disney Theme Park Found On Mars’. ► ran headlong into![]() ![]() · They run a small hotel in Cornwall. ► let your imagination run wild (also let your imagination run riot British English) (=allow yourself to imagine many strange or wonderful things)· He uses painting as a way of letting his imagination run riot. ► inflation is running at 3%/4% etc (also inflation stands at 3%/4% etc) (=used to talk about the present rate of inflation)· Inflation currently stands at 3.2%. ► a running joke (=in which people always laugh when the same situation happens, or when someone says something)· It’s a running joke in our house that my husband can never find his keys. ► do/run/swim a lap![]() · He leaned back in his chair and laughed till the tears ran down his face. ► a lease runs (=continues for a period of time)· The lease will run for 21 years. ► a lease runs out (also a lease expires formal) (=it stops)· Their lease runs out in June. ► run the length of something (=exist along the whole length of something)· A long corridor ran the length of the building. ► a licence runs out (also a licence expires formal) (=it ends)· Her driver’s license had expired. ► be worth it in the long run![]() ![]() ![]() (=to earn less money from something you sell than it costs you to produce it) ► be/get/run low (on something)![]() ![]() ![]() (=they stop having good luck)· Finally my luck ran out and they caught me. ► a run of good/bad luck (=a series of good or bad things)· The team has had a run of bad luck lately, losing their last five games. ► run ... macro![]() ![]() (=that someone does, drinks etc in the morning)· She read the paper while drinking her morning coffee. ► somebody's nose is running (=liquid is coming out)· She was crying hard and her nose was running. ► meet (with) opposition/run into opposition (=face opposition)· A new tax would meet a lot of opposition.· The Bill ran into opposition in the House of Lords. ► running parallel![]() (=people are very excited, angry, or upset)· The judge's decision is expected today and passions are running high. ► run out of patience (with somebody)· She was wonderful with the children, and never ran out of patience. ► run out of petrol· They ran out of petrol some miles from their destination. ► run on petrol· Many older vehicles have been converted to run on unleaded petrol. ► a play runs (=it continues to be performed)· The play ran for five months. ► run a program· You have to input this information every time you run the program. ► run a race· I thought I ran a good race. ► ran ... ragged![]() (=small things that you do to something to keep it working properly)· Farm workers made their own tools and carried out their own running repairs. ► a river runs (=it flows in a particular direction)· the place where the river runs into the sea ► run out into a road· He had to swerve when a child ran out into the road. ► a road leads/goes/runs somewhere· We turned into the road leading to the village. ► had a run-in![]() · A scar ran from the corner of his eye to under his jawbone. ► be running scared (=feel scared, especially because someone might catch you or defeat you)· The opposition were running scared. ► run/operate a scheme· Parent volunteers help run the scheme. ► the school run British English (=the journey taking children to and from school each day)· She had to be back in time for the school run. ► doing the school run![]() ![]() · The residents were running for shelter from the bombing. ► shiver ran through![]() · Get yourself a good pair of running shoes if you want to take up running. ► run/operate/do something on a shoestring![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() · To run the software, you will need the latest version of Windows. ► run a story (=print it or broadcast it)· There wasn’t enough definite information to run the story. ► sweat runs/pours somewhere· My hand was shaking and sweat was pouring off my forehead. ► use/run/operate a system· They use a system of grades to evaluate each hospital’s performance.· We operate a booking system. ► ran up a ... tab![]() (=make water flow out of it)· She stood at the sink, running the tap to get a glass of cold water. ► a tap is running (=water is flowing out of it)· I think you must have left the tap running. ► a running tap· Wash the cut under a running tap. ► tears run/roll/stream down somebody’s face· Oliver laughed until tears ran down his face. ► thread running through![]() (=manage a company, organization etc strictly and effectively) ► time is running out (=there is not much time left to do something)· Doctors are looking for a suitable donor, but time is running out. ► run track![]() (=take people from one place to another at fixed times)· Trains run from two main London stations, Victoria and Charing Cross, every hour. ► up and running![]() (=it ends)· I had 14 days to leave the country because my visa had expired. ► somebody’s watch is fast/runs fast (=it shows a later time)· No, it’s only 12.15 – your watch must be fast. ► somebody’s watch is slow/runs slow (=it shows an earlier time)· 'He’s late.' 'Maybe his watch is running slow.' ► running water (=water that comes out of a system of pipes into buildings)· Only half the city’s houses had running water. ► water runs· I let the cool water run down my back. ► imagination ... run wild![]() · He's allowed the free run of the house.· For a week, producer Robert Kemp had free run of the camp, interviewing whoever he chose for as long as he chose. ► general· What should we do when confronted with claims which are conspicuously at odds with the general run of experience?· Credit taken by the general run of consumers - those not in an extremity of financial need - was not specially regulated.· But the whole day had, thus far, been outside the general run, so laws no longer applied here.· The general run of shoppers would not believe that the two girls came from the same family. ► good· Investors have also had a good run for their money.· This sort of angle gives an arcade machine a good run for its money! ► long· In the long run, the outcome of the Delphi Chassis strike could be less important than the walkout itself.· This could clearly, however, not be sufficient in the long run.· In the long run, Begin could join forces with others in the far-right to challenge Likud.· The truth may be that in the long run, as Lincoln thought, people are not fooled.· Though the central banks wield enormous power, we should not overstate their ability to shape the economy in the long run. ► short· It showed the company that Orrick was willing to make a commitment to them by losing some money in the short run.· However, in the short run, numerous factors may operate to cause changes in supply.· In the short run this approach costs more.· The problem worsens with the relentless financial pressures for immediate performance in the short run. ► unbeaten· United's 3-3 draw with Luton on Tuesday stretched their unbeaten run to four games since John Beck was sacked.· The comment concerned the standard of opposition Leeds have been facing during this unbeaten run and in particular the last match.· The 24-year-old turned on the style to stretch the Crues' unbeaten run and book a Gold Cup quarter-final spot.· The scene looked set for another Bangor triumph, to continue their unbeaten run in domestic football.· Ants U/16s continued their unbeaten run with a massive 42-0 victory over Bishop Challoner. ► usual· Anything of quality was exciting in those days, for the usual run of food was of a dullness today hardly comprehensible. VERB► allow· Jason Boyd allowed three runs in two innings.· He has allowed two or fewer runs in seven of his last 11 starts.· Had three unsuccessful starts in the postseason, allowing 11 runs in seven innings.· He pitched the third inning and allowed two runs on four hits. ► break· Dhani and Ian broke into a run, taking the high altar steps three at a time.· It was all I could do to stop myself breaking into a run.· Thorfinn spurred, and the wedge of men behind him and behind Cormac and behind Ferteth broke into a pounding run.· Bigwig turned into it and broke into a run. ► end· Barnet ended a run of four straight defeats by taking a point from their home game with Plymouth.· The stalemate enabled the fallen champions to end a nine-match run of away defeats and extended Arsenal's poor home run.· Skipper Colin Jeffrey, another talented batsmen, is hoping Brigade can end their recent run of disappointing batting displays. ► make· It was nice to be part of a winning side and even better to have made a few runs.· As a batsman he made 3,882 runs at a modest average, but showed himself a robust tail-ender when it mattered. ► score· To score runs they had to put bat to ball - a realisation which came all too late.· He drove the third ball of the match for three and took another 41 deliveries to score his next run.· Florida scored its final two runs in the third after Sheffield led off with a high drive to deep right-center.· It took them five overs to score their first run and they were only saved from disaster by captain Allan Lamb.· After that hit by Daulton, they scored three more runs.· Rookie shortstop Jimmy Rollins, the only regular to play, tripled, singled, stole a base and scored two runs. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► be on the run Word family
WORD FAMILYnounrunrerunrunnerrunningoverrunverbrunoutrunoverrunrerunadjectiverunningrunnyadverbrunning 1on foot [countable] a period of time spent running, or a distance that you run → jog, sprint: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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