单词 | particular |
释义 | particular1 adjectiveparticular2 noun particularpar‧tic‧u‧lar1 /pəˈtɪkjələ $ pərˈtɪkjələr/ ●●● S1 W1 adjective Word OriginWORD ORIGINparticular1 ExamplesOrigin: 1300-1400 Old French, Late Latin particularis, from Latin particula; ➔ PARTICLEEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorwhen you are very careful about choosing things► choosy Collocations informal someone who is choosy chooses things carefully and only wants the things they think are the best: · I get offered a lot of work now, so I can be more choosy.choosy about: · She's very choosy about what airline she travels on. ► fussy/picky informal someone who is fussy or picky is difficult to please because they only like a few things and will only accept exactly what they want: · Maybe I'm too picky, but all the guys I meet seem so boring.fussy/picky about: · She was always very fussy about her clothes.picky/fussy eater (=someone who will only eat the few things they like): · We're not really picky eaters, but we don't eat much fast food. ► be particular about to be very careful about choosing only the very best of something, or only exactly what you like, usually with the result that people think you are too careful about it: be particular about about: · He's very particular about the clothes he buys.be particular about what/where etc: · Monica is particular about what she eats - no meat, and only organic vegetables. ► selective someone who is selective chooses things very carefully because they want to choose the best, most suitable etc: · You've got to be very selective when choosing a roommate.selective about: · People are becoming more and more selective about the food they eat these days. ► shop around informal to look at or try several different possibilities before choosing the one which is the best, cheapest etc: · Never buy the first car you see. Always shop around.· Shop around a little bit before you choose a therapist.shop around for: · You should shop around for a better price. clearly different from other things of the same type► special designed for one particular purpose, and therefore different from other things of its type: · Bob's been on a special diet since his heart attack.· The fish will be kept in special tanks that mimic the natural currents in rivers. ► specially: specially designed/made/built/chosen etc designed, made, built etc for a special purpose: · Customs officers use specially trained dogs to search for drugs.· We're introducing a new range of beauty products specially designed for teenagers. ► particular clearly different from others of the same kind: · The lights were arranged to give a particular effect.· Is there a particular type of car that you are looking for?· I didn't have any particular plan in mind. ► distinct two or more things that are distinct from each other belong to the same general type, but are clearly different from each other in an important way: · The European Union is made up of 15 nations with distinct cultural, linguistic and economic roots.distinct from: · The mammoth was related to, but distinct from, modern elephants. unable to escape► especially/particularly use this to emphasize that something is more important or happens more with one particular thing than any others: · This disease mostly affects women, particularly women over 50.· Paris is always full of tourists, especially during the summer months.especially/particularly if/when: · Allow plenty of time for your visa to be processed, especially if you are applying by mail.especially/particularly good/important/difficult etc: · This is a particularly good example of the problem we've been discussing. ► specially spoken especially - used in conversation: · I bought it specially for you.· We specially wanted to see the Eiffel Tower and Montmartre.specially if/when: · You really need a car - specially when you live a long way from the nearest town. ► in particular use in particular to mention one person or thing that is more important or more interesting than all similar things: · Mary loves most classical music, in particular Bach and Vivaldi.· Kids in particular will love the rides and shows.anything/anyone/anywhere etc in particular: · Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about? ► above all use above all to emphasize that something is more important than all the other things you have mentioned: · Get plenty of sleep, eat lots of good food, and above all try to relax.· John felt sad, embarrassed, but above all angry that Anna could treat him like this. ► most of all more than anything or anyone else: · Swimming and soccer are fun, but I like dancing most of all.· He was friendly and intelligent, but most of all he was a good worker.· Out of everybody at school she was the person who helped me most of all. ► least of all especially not: · She told no one, least of all her husband, what she planned to do.· Nobody wants to stop you from following the career of your choice, least of all me. ► notably formal use this to say that someone or something is an important example of what you are talking about: · The use of illegal drugs - notably marijuana - has increased in recent years.most notably: · A number of respected philosophers, most notably Leibniz, criticized Newton's theories. ► of all people spoken more than anyone else - use this when someone has said or done something you think is very surprising or unlikely for them to do or say: · You of all people shouldn't be calling him worthless.· Why is Jennifer Stern, of all people, so important? ► more than anyone more than any other person: · You more than anyone should know how difficult it is to raise a child alone.· Freud, more than anyone, was responsible for the establishment of psychology as a science. ► special/particular if you give special or particular care, attention, or interest to something, you give it more attention than usual or more attention than you give anything else: special/particular care/attention/interest: · You should pay particular attention to spelling.· Special care must be taken to reward children appropriately for good behavior. not able to speak► special something that is special is different from other things, for example because it is better, more important, or intended for a particular purpose: · United Airlines is offering a special deal on flights to London.· Let us know if you have any special dietary needs in advance.· Today is a very special day for us - it was 50 years ago that we first met.· Did you do anything special at the weekend?· I made a special effort to be nice to him.special occasion (=a wedding, birthday, or other time when people celebrate something): · He has a dark suit, which he only wears on special occasions. ► specially: specially designed/made/chosen etc designed, made, built etc for a special purpose: · a new range of beauty products specially designed for teenagers· Customs officers use specially trained dogs for drug searches.· Did you get your ring specially made? ► particular use this to emphasize that something is different or separate from other things of the same kind, or that something is more important than other things: · Is there any particular reason why you want to go back to Japan?· Each class will focus on one particular aspect of American culture.be of particular interest/importance (to somebody): · This discovery is of particular interest to scientists studying the origins of the universe. ► unique someone or something that is unique is so special and unusual that it is the only one of its kind - use this especially about things or people that you think are extremely good: · It was a unique achievement - no-one has ever won the championship five times before.· The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see all of the artist's work.· Every child is unique, with their own needs, preferences and talents. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► no particular reason 1[only before noun] a particular thing or person is the one that you are talking about, and not any other → certain, specific: In this particular case, no one else was involved. Most students choose one particular area for research. a particular type of food2special or great: You should pay particular attention to spelling. For no particular reason, he quit the job.of particular interest/concern/importance etc Of particular concern is the rising cost of transportation.anything/nothing/something particular I had nothing particular planned.3very careful about choosing exactly what you like and not easily satisfied SYN fussyparticular about Marty’s very particular about his food. For no particular reason, he quit the job. ► of particular interest/concern/importance etc Of particular concern is the rising cost of transportation. ► anything/nothing/something particular I had nothing particular planned. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► get to/reach/live to a particular age· One in three children here die before they reach the age of 5.· The number of people living to to the age of 80 has doubled in the last fifty years. ► particular circumstances (=special or specific)· There may be particular circumstances in which this rule will not apply. ► a particular concern· Noise is a particular concern of those living near the airport. ► particular/special emphasis· The new legislation places particular emphasis on energy conservation. ► an old/firm/particular favourite a sweater that’s an old favorite ► in general and ... in particular We’re trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution in particular. ► particular importance· Tourism has particular importance in some regions. ► a particular individual· The writer is addressing a general reader rather than a particular individual. ► special/particular interest· Natural history was a special interest of his. ► a particular item· A local authority can decide whether a particular item of expenditure should be cut. ► a certain/particular kind· A ‘besom’ is a particular kind of broom. ► special/particular mention· Mrs. McMillan deserves particular mention for all her hard work. ► a particular/special niche· As a player, he's carved out his own special niche on the team. ► a particular occasion· On that particular occasion, he greeted me by kissing my hand. ► a specific/particular purpose· Training is the acquisition of knowledge and skills for a specific purpose. ► a particular type· Have you flown this particular type of aircraft before? COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► area· The other chapter on a particular area of policy deals with education.· Tell her you have already done some research on it but have some questions about a particular area.· Over-familiarity with a particular area may lead to an assumption that others have the same depth of knowledge.· These are aquariums which represent as accurately as possible a section of aquatic life in a particular area.· He would have to make a circuit of the building, they'd insisted the centre was in this particular area.· When I work in a particular area I want to know why a landscape looks as it does.· You can really only make your decision to go netting in a particular area that same day. ► aspect· I will refer briefly to two particular aspects of his submissions.· Every Tuesday a guest speaker from the community came in to talk about a particular aspect of the law.· They also run evening classes from time to time, specialising in a particular aspect of Machine Knitting.· A particular aspect of malleability is the tractability of identity.· Each came separately to look at particular aspects of the collections and the project, then there were several group sessions.· Li is manifested as both one thing and many parts-that is, having a universal as well as a particular aspect.· When they are written read them carefully, occasionally commenting on some particular aspect.· Women can love their children but not like particular aspects of mothering or specific developmental stages. ► attention· Gold and silver have attracted particular attention because they were used to make prestige items such as jewellery and regalia.· He was known to give five-hour speeches, so particular attention was given to this detail.· The problem of Chambers demands very particular attention.· This relatively minor fact was discussed with particular attention.· Cancer rates according to type of antihypertensive treatment are reported, with particular attention being paid to atenolol.· However, it is clear that the investigators will pay particular attention to weather data.· You should pay particular attention to marked information structures in the third paragraph.· After cleansing, apply a light, non-greasy body lotion, paying particular attention to any dry areas. ► case· In almost every case relating to children - and certainly in this particular case - circumstances change, often frequently.· In order to understand this rule, it helps to examine a particular case.· Suppose, in a particular case, 25 are required.· In this particular case Abraham is at a very distinct disadvantage.· That's the judge's role and it's a role that the judge discharged in that particular case.· In this particular case it would be gradually, over 25 years from the date of inception.· Tens of thousands of Amnesty members and supporters in over 100 countries will be writing letters to governments about these particular cases.· First, it has led to doubts as to the precise legal obligations of a doctor in a particular case. ► circumstances· Then return refreshed with added zest and sparkle to participate in the particular circumstances which you have prepared for and chosen.· Each individual will want to discuss their own particular circumstances.· This would be true whatever the particular circumstances which produced the feminist response.· For example, some of the restrictions on the type of advice we can provide in particular circumstances are removed.· Because the individual organisms vary, some are bound to be better able to survive in particular circumstances than others.· Depending on the particular circumstances, the use of legal discretion was creative.· Draft the advertisement according to the particular circumstances of the business to be sold.· List the particular circumstances which cause frustration and stressful tension to mount. ► concern· My particular concern is the very ends of the fingers - or, the nails.· One particular concern related to public transportation.· The gault clay woodlands in mid-Kent are of particular concern.· Of particular concern to the industry is the company's agreement to more closely monitor gun distribution.· Social services departments have a particular concern to research into needs on a more systematic basis.· In Austin, dependant care issues are a particular concern.· There's particular concern over increasing domestic needs in the booming Swindon area.· Sometimes knowledge of the members of the review team will suggest particular concerns and personal biases. ► form· Being able to know what is required and when to use particular forms of language is an important skill.· Leukaemia funds Last year's Leukaemia Marathon raised a magnificent £5,500 for research into this particular form of cancer.· Their argument depends on a notion of society as a system which is dominated by particular forms of social and economic organization.· Overall, it is a handy reference text and well constructed guide to this particular form of research.· Psychological professions exert a particular form of class discrimination against women.· For example, early marriage has been noted as being associated with particular forms of abuse and neglect.· Precisely what particular forms symbolized is often in doubt.· The powers and authorities were understood to have particular forms in the first century. ► group· Not surprisingly, in this particular group, a least half wrote on issues related to product versus customer service.· The make-up of any one particular group merits some consideration.· Secondly, they serve all members of society rather than particular groups.· If something is done that benefits a particular group then that group is being bribed or bought off.· In addition to the overall distributional impact of policy, we may be concerned with the effect on particular groups of individuals.· Our society is multicultural and one particular group is undeniably underachieving - black children.· It is not always easy to predict just what problems a particular group of learners is likely to have with any materials. ► importance· Goebbels controlled the media and attached particular importance to cinema.· This has particular importance in relation to ethnic minorities.· The involvement of children is of particular importance.· Tourism is also of particular importance in some regions and may dominate the local economy.· Two items - the type of contract and the records kept - are of particular importance.· Of particular importance is the effect that deforestation has on tropical soils.· Muriel was favoured by all three partners, but the comments of her present employer turned out to be of particular importance.· This last factor is of particular importance. ► interest· This question is of particular interest in a region like Northern Ireland, where unemployment is now over 20%.· This feature is of particular interest if a radical revision is suggested by the evaluation.· Of particular interest is the construction of maps showing the expected annual amounts of damage for gridded flood-prone areas.· The Advocate, based in Los Angeles, is a biweekly news magazine covering stories of particular interest to homosexuals.· Of particular interest are genes that reduce the amount of a substance called lignin, or that weaken lignin's chemical structure.· He had a particular interest in works by contemporary artists and was a pioneer in the development of artist-in-residence programs.· This will be of particular interest to you when sites within your District area are being considered.· The house used by the kidnappers was of particular interest. ► issue· However, both the ideas and the practice have changed as experience has accumulated, with two particular issues dominating the debate.· Overall, different people, as members of many different groups, prevail on particular issues.· The overall aim was to identify the most appropriate law to govern a particular issue.· Instead, particular issues raised by these internal documents will be addressed in separate submissions by the affected companies.· There is little evidence to suggest voters voting for a particular party because of its stand on a particular issue.· This particular issue illustrates the previous point about the probability of mispricing the issue.· The double standards and hypocrisy surrounding this particular issue are incredible.· A tribunal is given authority to decide upon a particular issue. ► kind· Knowledge is therefore the result of a mode of production, and the product of a particular kind of practice.· Years ago we used to do a particular kind of experiment in the psychology laboratories.· But it is competence of a particular kind.· The structure of a neural network allows it to be good at particular kinds of learning.· The flux, the flow, the drifting balance of our days needs a particular kind of patience.· It is intended to yield 1 if the image on the retina is of a particular kind.· Once a particular kind of stone was recognized as precious it tended to remain so.· But the political and ideological pressures that foster this particular kind of self-deception are stronger than I can remember. ► need· The staff of the receiving primary school would be alerted to the child's particular needs.· Fathers should customize each to their own particular needs and situation.· These can all be customised to suit your particular needs.· Second, people feel that central government is remote from their particular needs.· The biggest shoppers, the thrifts, often had a very particular need.· The differences, where there are any, will be dictated by the target group of learners and their particular needs.· The session is discussed beforehand with the student so that her particular needs are met. ► point· This survey data is cross-section data taken from a sample of households at a particular point in time.· A conventional lens maps each light ray to a particular point on an image plane.· A simple method for remembering the names of the three areas is to associate them with a particular point of the body.· One particular point of the line is labelled 0 and another is labelled 1.· It consists of the key marketing variables that are offered to a market at a particular point in time.· Two particular points may be made about offences of physical violation.· I shall draw the hon. and learned Gentleman's particular point to my right hon. Friend's attention.· A camera always looks at a scene from a particular point of view. ► problem· My particular problems were probably simply not noticed; so nobody talked about them.· Because knowledge is distributed, the system uses many connections to retrieve solutions to particular problems.· As far as we can tell, the use of antibiotics in agriculture has not directly caused these particular problems.· Long-lived trees face a particular problem because their parasites have time to adapt to their genetic defenses-to evolve.· Firstly, we were able to pinpoint a particular problem that arose only in the context of a complete system.· Each of the knuckleheads has his own particular problem.· The Liverpool Coastguard say there were particular problems on Saturday because some rafts were fighting against the tide.· The risk management service will cover particular problems such as legislation, contamination, production disruption, quality standards and health and safety. ► purpose· Further, the buyer must have made known to the seller the particular purpose for which he was buying the goods.· It never occurred to me that these two hard chairs were kept for a particular purpose.· Since such orders are not the product of a directing intelligence they can not be said to have a particular purpose.· It is up to the practitioner to decide which stance is best suited to a particular purpose.· The point here is that institutions are useful only if they have been designed to achieve a particular purpose.· The particular purpose is to assess the effects of private and State employment strategies upon the town's population and culture.· Word order would then not be needed for this particular purpose of role assignment.· Special classification schemes are generally devised for a particular purpose and are to be found in the following environments: 1. ► reason· There is no particular reason why input should be so restricted.· For no particular reason, we shall start with an examination of $ 5.· Finally there was the unrecognizable specialist equipment, acquired for some particular reason or other, but whose purpose was not apparent.· There seems no particular reason to ascribe economic rationality to one group and not the other.· They had no particular reason to like Sutton.· There is no particular reason to believe that this was caused merely by the newer properties being of higher value.· For no particular reason he felt more alert and in control. ► reference· I think of this with particular reference to the local community and the wider community.· This looks at the way in which exchanges manage technology with particular reference to the Deutsche Terminborse and London's Liffe.· Discusses the conflicting arguments for and against sustainable development, with particular reference to architecture.· Philosophical theology with particular reference to Tillich.· Reviews research on attitudes and talk to older people, with particular reference to the concepts of status and solidarity. ► situation· The exact requirements of natural justice can vary depending on the particular situation.· Being aware of specific emotions gives you valuable information about yourself and how to proceed in particular situations.· Some such concept is required to explain why different individuals reach different solutions in diagnosing and providing remedies for particular situations.· High Machs are better able to adapt their tactics to the particular Situation.· This particular situation will be discussed later in Section 20.2.· Camus sets up a distance from his protagonist develop an existentialist understanding of reality in a concrete, particular situation.· Animacy is, however, only one of the factors which influences selection of a passive form to describe a particular situation.· That depends on the facts of the particular situation. ► time· As well as changes in technique, market conditions at any particular time will, of course, affect the demand for labour.· Why was the witch hunt of the l9S0s mobilized at that particular time?· The starting position is that of eligibility set at a particular time.· It is obvious that reference to the proposal has been casual if not intense at particular times.· Dowsing depends on the interaction between the person and the site at a particular time.· It is not satisfactory where a significant separate item of loss is incurred at a particular time.· Finally, there are a number of factors leading to an increase in expenditure that may affect local authorities at particular times.· The first of these measured generalized interest in politics, the others measured interest in politics at particular times. 5. ► type· Commentators who are too committed to particular types of action limit their appeal.· What ties are there between this particular type of school performance and family relationships?· Certain religions may prohibit particular types of food, alcoholic drink or restrict dress.· The shorter ones among them generally limit themselves to praise-affirmations but do not as yet have any particular type of conclusion.· And the way that, say, television news addresses you is as a particular type of person.· Examination of just a few of these underlines the channelling and legitimating role which law plays in particular types of commercial activity.· Told to find a particular type of tree, he would do that too, ignoring other kinds of shrubbery.· Typology is the study of the development of particular types of artefact over a period of time. ► way· These examples show clearly that the human genetic code does not contain specific instructions to behave in a particular way.· But they have done it in a 81 very particular way.· Others are management schemes where farmers are persuaded to treat the land in a particular way.· It's important that the calculation is done in a particular way, that it is managed and owned by the department.· Very often the examiner will have worded it in a particular way in order to enable you to show a little originality of treatment.· Ideas are organisations of information that the human mind chooses to put together in a particular way.· Flattered when he had looked at her in that particular way which was both critical and yet admiring at the same time?· Do vowel and consonant sounds pattern or cluster in particular ways? particular1 adjectiveparticular2 noun particularparticular2 ●●○ noun ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorunable to escape► especially/particularly Collocations use this to emphasize that something is more important or happens more with one particular thing than any others: · This disease mostly affects women, particularly women over 50.· Paris is always full of tourists, especially during the summer months.especially/particularly if/when: · Allow plenty of time for your visa to be processed, especially if you are applying by mail.especially/particularly good/important/difficult etc: · This is a particularly good example of the problem we've been discussing. ► specially spoken especially - used in conversation: · I bought it specially for you.· We specially wanted to see the Eiffel Tower and Montmartre.specially if/when: · You really need a car - specially when you live a long way from the nearest town. ► in particular use in particular to mention one person or thing that is more important or more interesting than all similar things: · Mary loves most classical music, in particular Bach and Vivaldi.· Kids in particular will love the rides and shows.anything/anyone/anywhere etc in particular: · Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about? ► above all use above all to emphasize that something is more important than all the other things you have mentioned: · Get plenty of sleep, eat lots of good food, and above all try to relax.· John felt sad, embarrassed, but above all angry that Anna could treat him like this. ► most of all more than anything or anyone else: · Swimming and soccer are fun, but I like dancing most of all.· He was friendly and intelligent, but most of all he was a good worker.· Out of everybody at school she was the person who helped me most of all. ► least of all especially not: · She told no one, least of all her husband, what she planned to do.· Nobody wants to stop you from following the career of your choice, least of all me. ► notably formal use this to say that someone or something is an important example of what you are talking about: · The use of illegal drugs - notably marijuana - has increased in recent years.most notably: · A number of respected philosophers, most notably Leibniz, criticized Newton's theories. ► of all people spoken more than anyone else - use this when someone has said or done something you think is very surprising or unlikely for them to do or say: · You of all people shouldn't be calling him worthless.· Why is Jennifer Stern, of all people, so important? ► more than anyone more than any other person: · You more than anyone should know how difficult it is to raise a child alone.· Freud, more than anyone, was responsible for the establishment of psychology as a science. ► special/particular if you give special or particular care, attention, or interest to something, you give it more attention than usual or more attention than you give anything else: special/particular care/attention/interest: · You should pay particular attention to spelling.· Special care must be taken to reward children appropriately for good behavior. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► anything/anyone/anywhere in particular Phrases Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about? ► nothing/no one/nowhere in particular ‘What did you want?’ ‘Oh, nothing in particular.’ ► give particulars You may be required to give particulars of the change in your financial position. ► further particulars For further particulars, contact the College secretary. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► get to/reach/live to a particular age· One in three children here die before they reach the age of 5.· The number of people living to to the age of 80 has doubled in the last fifty years. ► particular circumstances (=special or specific)· There may be particular circumstances in which this rule will not apply. ► a particular concern· Noise is a particular concern of those living near the airport. ► particular/special emphasis· The new legislation places particular emphasis on energy conservation. ► an old/firm/particular favourite a sweater that’s an old favorite ► in general and ... in particular We’re trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution in particular. ► particular importance· Tourism has particular importance in some regions. ► a particular individual· The writer is addressing a general reader rather than a particular individual. ► special/particular interest· Natural history was a special interest of his. ► a particular item· A local authority can decide whether a particular item of expenditure should be cut. ► a certain/particular kind· A ‘besom’ is a particular kind of broom. ► special/particular mention· Mrs. McMillan deserves particular mention for all her hard work. ► a particular/special niche· As a player, he's carved out his own special niche on the team. ► a particular occasion· On that particular occasion, he greeted me by kissing my hand. ► a specific/particular purpose· Training is the acquisition of knowledge and skills for a specific purpose. ► a particular type· Have you flown this particular type of aircraft before? COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► further· The further particulars given must incorporate the request or order.· The procedure for the obtaining and giving of further particulars of defence is the same as appertains in relation to further particulars of claim.· As regards the registration of further particulars a number of points need to be emphasised.· For further particulars and application forms, please contact the Centre as soon as possible by letter or telephone.· Potential applicants are encouraged to apply for further particulars. VERB► contain· This contains the particulars, site plans and photographs of the properties and freehold and leasehold sites included in the sale.· On 23 April the second defendant took a letter to the plaintiff containing particulars of this offer by Mr. Perot for Caliban. ► give· Let me give you my particulars.· The application must give the particulars specified in the rule.· Dad gave particulars of his own complaint.· What the Government is trying to do is to persuade the estate agents that they shouldn't give false particulars at all. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► in particular 1in particular especially: It was a good concert – I enjoyed the last song in particular.anything/anyone/anywhere in particular Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about?nothing/no one/nowhere in particular ‘What did you want?’ ‘Oh, nothing in particular.’2particulars [plural] the facts and details about a job, property, legal case etcparticular of You may be required to give particulars of the change in your financial position. For further particulars, contact the College secretary. Send your particulars (=details such as your name, address, profession etc) to the address above.3in every particular/in all particulars formal in every detail: The documents were identical in almost every particular.
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