英语词汇“liver”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINliver

Origin:

Old English lifer

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

Add the chicken gizzards and livers and saute for 5 minutes.
As you enter the liver, you see ethanol molecules diffusing quickly out of the blood and into the surrounding liver cells.
Deconvolution analysis of the TACs was used to improve separation of the arterial and portal venous phases of total liver blood flow.
Early diagnosis and treatment prevents brain damage and liver cirrhosis.
Here they're operating on the patient's liver.
On the Loose After passing through the liver, you exit into a nearby blood vessel.
She might have had an unknown liver defect or the symptoms were induced by the drug.
The presence of liver disease may suggest a drinking problem, which predisposes the patient to forgotten head trauma and subdural hematoma.

WORD SETS► Biology

aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► brain/liver/nerve etc damage

· If you drink a lot of alcohol it can cause liver damage.

► heart/liver/kidney disease

· He is being treated for kidney disease.

► a blood/brain/liver etc disorder

· She suffers from a rare brain disorder.

► a heart/liver/kidney etc donor

· There is a shortage of kidney donors.

► a donor heart/liver/kidney etc

· The technique keeps the donor heart beating while it is transported.

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► acute

· In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure.· Mrs Barnett, 35, suffered acute liver failure after a rare reaction to a drug.· The site of increased resistance in patients with acute liver failure has not been clearly established.· The aetiology of acute liver failure was viral hepatitis in all but one patients.· This may indicate that other factors also play an important role in increasing hepatic venous pressure gradient in acute liver failure.· The present study also shows a high prevalence of ascites in patients with acute liver failure.

► alcoholic

· These results strongly implicate acetaldehyde as one of the important pathogenetic factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease.· The role of genes encoding other alcohol metabolising enzymes in a genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver damage has yet to be explored.· This is the first reported study to show convincingly the presence of functional hyposplenism in patients with alcoholic liver disease.· However, a number of problems confront investigators applying this technique to studies of alcoholic liver disease.· In alcoholic liver disease, transplant assessment was considered appropriate in the case of sustained abstinence following medical advice.· The role of these polymorphisms in a predisposition to alcoholic liver disease has now been examined in two studies.· It seems likely that there is a similar under recording of alcoholic liver disease in the United Kingdom as a whole.· There are several possible explanations for the finding of functional hyposplenism in this group of patients with alcoholic liver disease.

► chronic

· Splenomegaly, ascites, and extrahepatic symptoms of chronic liver disease were notably absent.· Discussion Portal hypertension usually complicates the evolution of chronic liver diseases.· This caution can not be overstated in light of the decreased glomerular filtration often present in chronic liver failure.· As controls, cryptogenic cases of chronic liver disease - that is without ANA-H or SMA-AA, were similarly studied.· The diagnosis of chronic liver disease was made by accepted clinical, serological and histological criteria.· They may be appropriate, however, in patients where the history or examination points to systemic disease such as chronic liver disease.· Liver transplantation has been gaining increasing support as a means of treating chronic end stage liver disease and fulminant hepatic failure.

► normal

· All had normal liver function tests.· Ten of these 15 patients had active disease but normal serum liver function tests.· This particular patient had normal liver function tests and was in remission on sulphasalazine therapy only.· Ultrasonography showed a normal liver, gall bladder, and biliary tree.· Perhaps most important is the observation that up to a third of confirmed alcoholics have completely normal liver histology.

► severe

· Stephanurus may occasionally cause severe liver damage in calves grazing on contaminated ground.

NOUN► biopsy

· Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.· In some cases, a liver biopsy may also be done.· Within 48 hours of admission, all patients underwent a haemodynamic study during transjugular liver biopsy.· Liver function tests and liver biopsy may also help in establishing the diagnosis.· In four patients cirrhosis of the liver had been diagnosed at histopathological examination of liver biopsies.· Plugged liver biopsies are both effective and safe when used to perform percutaneous liver biopsies in patients with impaired coagulation.· A liver biopsy specimen taken from our patient shortly after reperfusion of the graft showed neutrophil infiltration.

► cancer

· In March last year she was told she had lung and liver cancer, and without treatment would die within 6 months.· He suffered a heart attack related to incurable liver cancer.· Long-term consequences include chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer.· Without drug therapy she risks developing liver cancer, which would make a transplant her only hope of survival.· Most people who get liver cancer are afflicted with the hepatitis B virus.· Some people progress to liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer, and the virus can be fatal.· Honecker, who had terminal liver cancer, was considered to have only 18 months to live.· Hepatitis B is a disease affecting the liver which can lead to death through liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. 2.

► cell

· It is also the major cause of primary liver cell carcinoma. 7.· As you enter the liver, you see ethanol molecules diffusing quickly out of the blood and into the surrounding liver cells.· This substance is thought to bond to the walls of liver cells and eventually kill them.· Such inhibitors also prevent the increase in calmodulin within the nucleus of liver cells following hepatectomy.· Using virus vectors, Woo successfully inserted normal mouse genes for phenylalanine hydroxylase into cultured liver cells from the mutant mouse.· The cells of the body are not all alike: there are liver cells, kidney cells, and so on.

► chicken

· Frozen chicken livers are already cleaned, so if they are being used the only preliminary required is the thawing-out process.· Slowly we pull it up through the resistance and find it filled with a light, savory chicken liver mousse.· Add the meats to the pan with the chicken livers and brown on all sides, stirring constantly. 3.· Strain sauce, return to pan, and add chicken livers and parsley.· Pour it over the chicken livers.· Add the cooked pork, cut in small pieces to the chicken livers in the blender.· Reserve chicken livers for another use.

► cirrhosis

· Early diagnosis and treatment prevents brain damage and liver cirrhosis.· The most noticeable increase in discharges as a result of liver cirrhosis occurred between 1986-89.· Hepatitis B is a disease affecting the liver which can lead to death through liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. 2.

► damage

· The role of genes encoding other alcohol metabolising enzymes in a genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver damage has yet to be explored.· In high doses, vitamin A can cause brittle nails, hair loss, headaches and liver damage.· These data suggest that the risk of liver damage is greatest in patients with active viral replication before operation.· Trichloroethene, a probable human carcinogen, can cause liver damage and genetic mutations in both human and animal populations.· Their liver damage is usually mild, dose dependent, and reversible when the drug is stopped.· This also seems to be the mechanism of piroxicam induced liver damage.· Methionine or an alternative drug, N-acetylcysteine, prevents liver damage by boosting the levels of glutathione.· They claim that he removed healthy wombs and bungled routine operations, leaving them with bladder, kidney and liver damage.

► disease

· Patients with liver disease may be susceptible to infection, particularly when this is secondary to alcohol abuse.· Ray, now 69 and terminally ill with liver disease, has repeatedly changed his story over the years.· As controls, cryptogenic cases of chronic liver disease - that is without ANA-H or SMA-AA, were similarly studied.· Testosterone administration can also increase ankle swelling in men who have edema from conditions such as liver disease or heart failure.· The man drank alcohol but his liver showed no signs of alcohol-related liver disease.· The diagnosis of chronic liver disease was made by accepted clinical, serological and histological criteria.· The presence of liver disease may suggest a drinking problem, which predisposes the patient to forgotten head trauma and subdural hematoma.

► enzyme

· All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.· In newborns, especially premature infants, this liver enzyme system is not fully developed or functional.· Blood chemistry was monitored regularly, but showed only moderately raised liver enzymes after two weeks.· In some cases, experts note, the SSRIs can also affect liver enzymes that inhibit the metabolism of other drugs.· Blood chemistry showed cholestatic liver enzymes and ultrasound showed dilated bile ducts.· Women who nurse their infants need to be careful as well because babies lack the liver enzymes needed to break down caffeine.· Interestingly, it is apparently not the nicotine in cigarette smoke that induces liver enzymes to work more efficiently.· As with alcohol, liver enzymes are marshaled to attack the molecules and disable them as quickly as possible.

► failure

· This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.· Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.· In 1973 Wendy Ellis, poor Wendy, a spinster, died aged thirty-five of liver failure.· This caution can not be overstated in light of the decreased glomerular filtration often present in chronic liver failure.· Death is mainly because of exsanguination or liver failure.· She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.· In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure.· They said they were looking at complete liver failure, and swelling of the brain.

► function

· Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.· The use of rose bengal dye was the first attempt at assessing liver function through dye excretion.· Serum urea, electrolyte, and liver function tests infrequently pointed to the cause of anaemia though they did identify coexisting disease.· Hepatic damage has also been reported; thus, periodic liver functions should be done.· In particular, the capacity of central nervous system centres to influence liver function has not been evaluated.· Because the elderly often experience a decline in liver function, these drugs are metabolized at a slower rate.· All had normal liver function tests.· Although changes in liver function tests are very rare, three cases of severe acute hepatitis secondary to piroxicam have been reported.

► injury

· Toxic liver injury was defined as such if recorded in the log book of the hospitals.· However, the nature and severity of the liver injury associated with graft reinfection is variable.

► oil

· She chewed hers and found it contained cod liver oil.· The cod liver oil failed, and there was more misery.· Check out the Seven Seas range based on nutritious cod liver oil.

► transplant

· Two of these patients died and one survived after receiving an emergency liver transplant allograft.· Lucky was put at the top of the national liver transplant list.· Without a liver transplant those with liver failure will die.· He is seeking a liver transplant.· He specialised in liver transplants and technically complex pancreatic surgery.· She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.· The long term prospects of the 48 year old man who underwent liver transplant are good.· Well, there are jokes about yeast infections, frostbite, liver transplants and cereal variety packs.

► transplantation

· Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on 28 February 1988.· Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.· However, liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma still has a place in carefully selected patients.· One patient had undergone liver transplantation 6 years earlier.· The increasing availability of liver transplantation during the course of the study meant that some individuals became eligible for this procedure.· Indeed, chronic hepatitis C accounts for many adults referred for liver transplantation.· We recommend liver transplantation as the only treatment likely to be successful in drug related submassive necrosis of the liver.· Three patients underwent successful liver transplantation and two others died of hepatic failure while awaiting transplant surgery.

VERB► cause

· It could also cause liver and kidney malfunction and attack the central nervous system.· Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.· The virus causes inflammation of the liver, but the long-term prognosis is uncertain in any particular case.· Trichloroethene, a probable human carcinogen, can cause liver damage and genetic mutations in both human and animal populations.· Stephanurus may occasionally cause severe liver damage in calves grazing on contaminated ground.· Its build-up in the body can cause death by liver or kidney failure.

► chop

· To prepare the stuffing, chop the livers finely and put into a bowl.· Roughly chop the livers and scatter over the duck meat along with the ham.· It is the crucial ingredient in chopped liver.· Keep in mind that these are all sandwiches, not composed plates with the pastrami here and the chopped liver there.

► develop

· She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.· Without drug therapy she risks developing liver cancer, which would make a transplant her only hope of survival.· Clearly, therefore, factors other than the cumulative amount of alcohol consumed are involved in determining which patients develop liver disease.

► die

· This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.· In 1973 Wendy Ellis, poor Wendy, a spinster, died aged thirty-five of liver failure.· He tells me about the day his father died of liver failure.

► produce

· A person with this disease can produce glucose in the liver, but can not supply glucose to the brain and body.

► undergo

· One patient had undergone liver transplantation 6 years earlier.· The long term prospects of the 48 year old man who underwent liver transplant are good.· Three patients underwent successful liver transplantation and two others died of hepatic failure while awaiting transplant surgery.

单词	liver
释义	liverliv‧er /ˈlɪvə $ -ər/ ●●○ noun Word Origin WORD ORIGINliver Origin: Old English lifer Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Add the chicken gizzards and livers and saute for 5 minutes. As you enter the liver, you see ethanol molecules diffusing quickly out of the blood and into the surrounding liver cells. Deconvolution analysis of the TACs was used to improve separation of the arterial and portal venous phases of total liver blood flow. Early diagnosis and treatment prevents brain damage and liver cirrhosis. Here they're operating on the patient's liver. On the Loose After passing through the liver, you exit into a nearby blood vessel. She might have had an unknown liver defect or the symptoms were induced by the drug. The presence of liver disease may suggest a drinking problem, which predisposes the patient to forgotten head trauma and subdural hematoma. word sets WORD SETS► Biology aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► brain/liver/nerve etc damage · If you drink a lot of alcohol it can cause liver damage. ► heart/liver/kidney disease · He is being treated for kidney disease. ► a blood/brain/liver etc disorder · She suffers from a rare brain disorder. ► a heart/liver/kidney etc donor · There is a shortage of kidney donors. ► a donor heart/liver/kidney etc · The technique keeps the donor heart beating while it is transported. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► acute · In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure.· Mrs Barnett, 35, suffered acute liver failure after a rare reaction to a drug.· The site of increased resistance in patients with acute liver failure has not been clearly established.· The aetiology of acute liver failure was viral hepatitis in all but one patients.· This may indicate that other factors also play an important role in increasing hepatic venous pressure gradient in acute liver failure.· The present study also shows a high prevalence of ascites in patients with acute liver failure. ► alcoholic · These results strongly implicate acetaldehyde as one of the important pathogenetic factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease.· The role of genes encoding other alcohol metabolising enzymes in a genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver damage has yet to be explored.· This is the first reported study to show convincingly the presence of functional hyposplenism in patients with alcoholic liver disease.· However, a number of problems confront investigators applying this technique to studies of alcoholic liver disease.· In alcoholic liver disease, transplant assessment was considered appropriate in the case of sustained abstinence following medical advice.· The role of these polymorphisms in a predisposition to alcoholic liver disease has now been examined in two studies.· It seems likely that there is a similar under recording of alcoholic liver disease in the United Kingdom as a whole.· There are several possible explanations for the finding of functional hyposplenism in this group of patients with alcoholic liver disease. ► chronic · Splenomegaly, ascites, and extrahepatic symptoms of chronic liver disease were notably absent.· Discussion Portal hypertension usually complicates the evolution of chronic liver diseases.· This caution can not be overstated in light of the decreased glomerular filtration often present in chronic liver failure.· As controls, cryptogenic cases of chronic liver disease - that is without ANA-H or SMA-AA, were similarly studied.· The diagnosis of chronic liver disease was made by accepted clinical, serological and histological criteria.· They may be appropriate, however, in patients where the history or examination points to systemic disease such as chronic liver disease.· Liver transplantation has been gaining increasing support as a means of treating chronic end stage liver disease and fulminant hepatic failure. ► normal · All had normal liver function tests.· Ten of these 15 patients had active disease but normal serum liver function tests.· This particular patient had normal liver function tests and was in remission on sulphasalazine therapy only.· Ultrasonography showed a normal liver, gall bladder, and biliary tree.· Perhaps most important is the observation that up to a third of confirmed alcoholics have completely normal liver histology. ► severe · Stephanurus may occasionally cause severe liver damage in calves grazing on contaminated ground. NOUN► biopsy · Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.· In some cases, a liver biopsy may also be done.· Within 48 hours of admission, all patients underwent a haemodynamic study during transjugular liver biopsy.· Liver function tests and liver biopsy may also help in establishing the diagnosis.· In four patients cirrhosis of the liver had been diagnosed at histopathological examination of liver biopsies.· Plugged liver biopsies are both effective and safe when used to perform percutaneous liver biopsies in patients with impaired coagulation.· A liver biopsy specimen taken from our patient shortly after reperfusion of the graft showed neutrophil infiltration. ► cancer · In March last year she was told she had lung and liver cancer, and without treatment would die within 6 months.· He suffered a heart attack related to incurable liver cancer.· Long-term consequences include chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer.· Without drug therapy she risks developing liver cancer, which would make a transplant her only hope of survival.· Most people who get liver cancer are afflicted with the hepatitis B virus.· Some people progress to liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer, and the virus can be fatal.· Honecker, who had terminal liver cancer, was considered to have only 18 months to live.· Hepatitis B is a disease affecting the liver which can lead to death through liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. 2. ► cell · It is also the major cause of primary liver cell carcinoma. 7.· As you enter the liver, you see ethanol molecules diffusing quickly out of the blood and into the surrounding liver cells.· This substance is thought to bond to the walls of liver cells and eventually kill them.· Such inhibitors also prevent the increase in calmodulin within the nucleus of liver cells following hepatectomy.· Using virus vectors, Woo successfully inserted normal mouse genes for phenylalanine hydroxylase into cultured liver cells from the mutant mouse.· The cells of the body are not all alike: there are liver cells, kidney cells, and so on. ► chicken · Frozen chicken livers are already cleaned, so if they are being used the only preliminary required is the thawing-out process.· Slowly we pull it up through the resistance and find it filled with a light, savory chicken liver mousse.· Add the meats to the pan with the chicken livers and brown on all sides, stirring constantly. 3.· Strain sauce, return to pan, and add chicken livers and parsley.· Pour it over the chicken livers.· Add the cooked pork, cut in small pieces to the chicken livers in the blender.· Reserve chicken livers for another use. ► cirrhosis · Early diagnosis and treatment prevents brain damage and liver cirrhosis.· The most noticeable increase in discharges as a result of liver cirrhosis occurred between 1986-89.· Hepatitis B is a disease affecting the liver which can lead to death through liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. 2. ► damage · The role of genes encoding other alcohol metabolising enzymes in a genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver damage has yet to be explored.· In high doses, vitamin A can cause brittle nails, hair loss, headaches and liver damage.· These data suggest that the risk of liver damage is greatest in patients with active viral replication before operation.· Trichloroethene, a probable human carcinogen, can cause liver damage and genetic mutations in both human and animal populations.· Their liver damage is usually mild, dose dependent, and reversible when the drug is stopped.· This also seems to be the mechanism of piroxicam induced liver damage.· Methionine or an alternative drug, N-acetylcysteine, prevents liver damage by boosting the levels of glutathione.· They claim that he removed healthy wombs and bungled routine operations, leaving them with bladder, kidney and liver damage. ► disease · Patients with liver disease may be susceptible to infection, particularly when this is secondary to alcohol abuse.· Ray, now 69 and terminally ill with liver disease, has repeatedly changed his story over the years.· As controls, cryptogenic cases of chronic liver disease - that is without ANA-H or SMA-AA, were similarly studied.· Testosterone administration can also increase ankle swelling in men who have edema from conditions such as liver disease or heart failure.· The man drank alcohol but his liver showed no signs of alcohol-related liver disease.· The diagnosis of chronic liver disease was made by accepted clinical, serological and histological criteria.· The presence of liver disease may suggest a drinking problem, which predisposes the patient to forgotten head trauma and subdural hematoma. ► enzyme · All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.· In newborns, especially premature infants, this liver enzyme system is not fully developed or functional.· Blood chemistry was monitored regularly, but showed only moderately raised liver enzymes after two weeks.· In some cases, experts note, the SSRIs can also affect liver enzymes that inhibit the metabolism of other drugs.· Blood chemistry showed cholestatic liver enzymes and ultrasound showed dilated bile ducts.· Women who nurse their infants need to be careful as well because babies lack the liver enzymes needed to break down caffeine.· Interestingly, it is apparently not the nicotine in cigarette smoke that induces liver enzymes to work more efficiently.· As with alcohol, liver enzymes are marshaled to attack the molecules and disable them as quickly as possible. ► failure · This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.· Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.· In 1973 Wendy Ellis, poor Wendy, a spinster, died aged thirty-five of liver failure.· This caution can not be overstated in light of the decreased glomerular filtration often present in chronic liver failure.· Death is mainly because of exsanguination or liver failure.· She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.· In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure.· They said they were looking at complete liver failure, and swelling of the brain. ► function · Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.· The use of rose bengal dye was the first attempt at assessing liver function through dye excretion.· Serum urea, electrolyte, and liver function tests infrequently pointed to the cause of anaemia though they did identify coexisting disease.· Hepatic damage has also been reported; thus, periodic liver functions should be done.· In particular, the capacity of central nervous system centres to influence liver function has not been evaluated.· Because the elderly often experience a decline in liver function, these drugs are metabolized at a slower rate.· All had normal liver function tests.· Although changes in liver function tests are very rare, three cases of severe acute hepatitis secondary to piroxicam have been reported. ► injury · Toxic liver injury was defined as such if recorded in the log book of the hospitals.· However, the nature and severity of the liver injury associated with graft reinfection is variable. ► oil · She chewed hers and found it contained cod liver oil.· The cod liver oil failed, and there was more misery.· Check out the Seven Seas range based on nutritious cod liver oil. ► transplant · Two of these patients died and one survived after receiving an emergency liver transplant allograft.· Lucky was put at the top of the national liver transplant list.· Without a liver transplant those with liver failure will die.· He is seeking a liver transplant.· He specialised in liver transplants and technically complex pancreatic surgery.· She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.· The long term prospects of the 48 year old man who underwent liver transplant are good.· Well, there are jokes about yeast infections, frostbite, liver transplants and cereal variety packs. ► transplantation · Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on 28 February 1988.· Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.· However, liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma still has a place in carefully selected patients.· One patient had undergone liver transplantation 6 years earlier.· The increasing availability of liver transplantation during the course of the study meant that some individuals became eligible for this procedure.· Indeed, chronic hepatitis C accounts for many adults referred for liver transplantation.· We recommend liver transplantation as the only treatment likely to be successful in drug related submassive necrosis of the liver.· Three patients underwent successful liver transplantation and two others died of hepatic failure while awaiting transplant surgery. VERB► cause · It could also cause liver and kidney malfunction and attack the central nervous system.· Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.· The virus causes inflammation of the liver, but the long-term prognosis is uncertain in any particular case.· Trichloroethene, a probable human carcinogen, can cause liver damage and genetic mutations in both human and animal populations.· Stephanurus may occasionally cause severe liver damage in calves grazing on contaminated ground.· Its build-up in the body can cause death by liver or kidney failure. ► chop · To prepare the stuffing, chop the livers finely and put into a bowl.· Roughly chop the livers and scatter over the duck meat along with the ham.· It is the crucial ingredient in chopped liver.· Keep in mind that these are all sandwiches, not composed plates with the pastrami here and the chopped liver there. ► develop · She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.· Without drug therapy she risks developing liver cancer, which would make a transplant her only hope of survival.· Clearly, therefore, factors other than the cumulative amount of alcohol consumed are involved in determining which patients develop liver disease. ► die · This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.· In 1973 Wendy Ellis, poor Wendy, a spinster, died aged thirty-five of liver failure.· He tells me about the day his father died of liver failure. ► produce · A person with this disease can produce glucose in the liver, but can not supply glucose to the brain and body. ► undergo · One patient had undergone liver transplantation 6 years earlier.· The long term prospects of the 48 year old man who underwent liver transplant are good.· Three patients underwent successful liver transplantation and two others died of hepatic failure while awaiting transplant surgery. 1 [countable] a large organ in your body that produces bile and cleans your blood2[countable, uncountable] the liver of an animal, used as food
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