hydrogenhy‧dro‧gen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ ●●○ noun [uncountable] 
Word Origin
Word OriginWORD ORIGINhydrogen
ExamplesOrigin:
1700-1800 French hydrogène, from hydro- ( ➔ HYDRO-) + -gène ‘producing’; because it produces water when it is burnedEXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
word sets- A biochemist colleague has kindly provided me with a bottle of hydrogen peroxide, and enough hydroquinone for 50 bombardier beetles.
- Expressed as the proportion of carbon to hydrogen, fuelwood is roughly 91 percent carbon.
- For all they know, metal hydrogen may always be unstable and quickly vaporize.
- In this case the presence of oxygen and hydrogen mixed in the optimum proportions, could well have compounded the effect.
- The large scale release of fusion energy has so far occurred only in stars and in the hydrogen bomb.
- The transient nature of the binding may be because this sequence is recognized on account of its structure without additional hydrogen bonding contacts.
- The vaporized gasoline is processed into hydrogen, water and carbon dioxide.
- Ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide and ozone assure crystal-clear, clean water.
WORD SETS► Elements
Collocationsaluminium, nounargon, nounarsenic, nounbarium, nounbase metal, nounbismuth, nouncadmium, nouncaesium, nouncalcium, nouncarbon, nounchlorine, nounchromium, nouncobalt, nouncopper, nounferrous, adjectivegold, noungold, adjectivegolden, adjectivehalogen, nounhydro-, prefixhydrogen, nouniodine, nouniridium, nouniron, nounisotope, nounkrypton, nounlead, nounlithium, nounmagnesium, nounmanganese, nounmercury, nounmolybdenum, nounnickel, nounnitrogen, nounoxygen, nounphosphorus, nounplatinum, nounplutonium, nounpotassium, nounprecious metal, nounradium, nounradon, nounselenium, nounsilicon, nounsilver, nounsilver, adjectivesodium, nounstrontium, nountin, nountin, adjectivetitanium, nountrace element, nountungsten, nounuranium, nounxenon, nounzinc, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a nuclear/hydrogen bomb
a colourless gas that is the lightest of all gases, forms water when it combines with oxygen, and is used to produce ammonia and other chemicals. It is a chemical element: symbol H· The North Koreans were developing a nuclear bomb.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► liquid· These micro-refrigerators are commercially available, and avoid the explosion hazard of liquid hydrogen and the expense of liquid helium.· We then start to accumulate liquid hydrogen in an empty fuel tank.· Driving these cells were the contents of two liquid oxygen tanks and two liquid hydrogen tanks.· Since most of the mass of Uranus air is hydrogen, most of the output from the refrigeration system is liquid hydrogen.· Thus, this mission is so demanding that we are forced to use liquid hydrogen as the propellant.
► metallic· What had started out as a quest for metallic hydrogen now became a serious hunt for fusion.· This incredibly dense, hot soup of protons and electrons is called fluid metallic hydrogen.
► molecular· Figure 9.9 shows the measured phase-diagram of molecular hydrogen.· The equation of state of molecular hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures is particularly important and yet it is poorly known.· These bacteria use molecular hydrogen as well as other electron donors, for the dissimilatory reduction of sulphate to sulphide.· The extreme ultraviolet power was only a few watts, but it was adequate to detect molecular hydrogen.· These studies confidently predict that at any plausible temperatures in Jupiter no solid molecular hydrogen surface is encountered.
NOUN► atom· By supplying addition molecules of chlorine it is possible to replace all the hydrogen atoms.· The optimum proportions of hydrogen and oxygen are thus two hydrogen atoms per oxygen atom, exactly the same as in water.· This is about the energy that would be released if a hydrogen atom could be totally converted into energy.· A methyl group is a carbon with three hydrogen atoms attached.· One of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by a benzene ring.· Instantly, one of the hydrogen atoms on the ethanol molecule is ripped off.· It consists of a chain of carbon atoms, with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon.· The microcosm becomes the macrocosm: the key to the whole universe may well be hidden in one hydrogen atom.
► bomb· The large scale release of fusion energy has so far occurred only in stars and in the hydrogen bomb.· On 12 July 1953, when the Soviet Union exploded its first hydrogen bomb, equilibrium was restored.· Might it not be the equivalent of a small hydrogen bomb?· The main source of helium-3 is in fact hydrogen bomb recycling!· The heat released in this reaction, which is like a controlled hydrogen bomb explosion, is what makes the star shine.· The largest accessible source of helium-3 on Earth is from the decay of tritium in hydrogen bombs.· In spite of the situation we find ourselves in, maybe hydrogen bombs aren't the biggest cause for concern.· The Soviet Union tested its own hydrogen bomb within a year, and the nuclear arms race escalated further.
► bond· Glutamic acid 170 forms the final main-chain hydrogen bond in the molecule.· Glu115 also forms hydrogen bonds to His118 and to Asp84, and Glu238 hydrogen-bonds to Glu204.· This allows hydrogen bonds to reform.· Protein residues in contact are also shown, with hydrogen bonds as dotted lines.· Distortions due to the formation of hydrogen bonds are usually smaller than those due to co-ordination to metal ions.· There are no main-chain hydrogen bonds to the metal ligand side chains.· For clarity, the three hydrogen bonds mentioned in the text are not illustrated.
► bonding· The transient nature of the binding may be because this sequence is recognized on account of its structure without additional hydrogen bonding contacts.· These unusual chemical shifts for imino and amino protons are indicative of novel hydrogen bonding.· It is now believed that the peculiar properties of water are due to what is known as hydrogen bonding.· The energy of this hydrogen bonding is comparable to that of the torsion-angle strain.
► breath· After ingestion of sucrose, breath hydrogen was measured at 20 minute intervals for 160 minutes.· If during this period breath hydrogen increased by 100% or more the test was considered abnormal.· If after four hours no such a rise in breath hydrogen occurred, the transit time was recorded as 240 minutes.· The mean breath hydrogen curves after acarbose, miglitol, and placebo are shown in Figure 1.
► gas· Subsequent detailed analyses of the motions of the atomic hydrogen gas in the plane supported this proposal.· The very same process, operating on water instead of carbon dioxide, makes oxygen and hydrogen gas.· Anhydrous caustic soda, hydrogen gas and phosgene, all well established product areas, are being developed to produce maximum returns.· The cells will drive electric motors and use on-board hydrogen gas as fuel.· The hydrogen gas would be collected within the galls and piped to a central storage system.· Fresh hydrogen gas is charged to the inlet of the reactor to balance consumption.· The whole system is rich in hydrogen gas.· The gas phase is recycled to the reactor inlet to provide a large excess of hydrogen gas in the catalytic reaction zone.
► ion· Proton concentrations for each sample were then calculated from the hydrogen ion activity and the combined sodium and potassium concentrations.· Treatment is aimed at decreasing hydrogen ion loss.· The principal body electrolytes are sodium, potassium and hydrogen ions.· Diuretics should be stopped, if possible, to decrease renal hydrogen ion loss.· Bennett and Williams suggest that the cells of opening or closing traps acidify their own walls by releasing hydrogen ions.· This is a symbol expressing hydrogen ion concentration in a solution; it is a measure of relative acidity or alkalinity.· The timing of active hydrogen ion secretion, however, remains unknown.· Hypocapnia causes fewer hydrogen ions to be available for secretion in the renal tubular cell.
► peroxide· A biochemist colleague has kindly provided me with a bottle of hydrogen peroxide, and enough hydroquinone for 50 bombardier beetles.· Ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide and ozone assure crystal-clear, clean water.· Abrasions are sprayed with hydrogen peroxide.· I poured the hydrogen peroxide into the hydroquinone, and absolutely nothing happened.· But hydrogen peroxide and hydroquinone don't react violently together unless a catalyst is added.· The variability of patterns resulting from the use of different volumes of hydrogen peroxide also argued against further use of this technique.· This method is used for the reactions of metals and acids and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.· Finally, we should comment on the relative abundance of ozone and hydrogen peroxide at Cape Grim.
► sulfide· The first primitive forms of life consumed various materials, including hydrogen sulfide, and released oxygen.· If hydrogen sulfide or some other poisonous gas is detected, Donahue dons an airtight breathing device and a hard hat.· Vent water is enriched in reduced chemical compounds, especially hydrogen sulfide.
► sulphide· Sulphur bacteria may be present below the anoxic zone, reducing sulphate ions and liberating hydrogen sulphide.· So the sewage goes septic, giving off hydrogen sulphide which corrodes the pipes and makes a nasty smell.· These included methane, ammonia, probably hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide.· Instead of splitting hydrogen sulphide, they developed the ability to split water by first trapping solar energy in green pigments.· The outlet can contain nitrite or hydrogen sulphide.· Gas compositions are normalised to exclude hydrogen sulphide because of poor analytical reproducibility for this gas.· Apparently they were thriving on hydrogen sulphide from the rotting beams of the ship.· Later in the spoilage process other components, such as the sulphurous notes from hydrogen sulphide, may add to the smell.
VERB► contain· Like Green's compound, this iridium compound contains two hydrogen atoms that can be eliminated by light.· Scientists assume that those planets' high-pressure cores contain metal hydrogen.· Carbohydrates in pure form contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.· The outlet can contain nitrite or hydrogen sulphide.· In general coals contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur with various other trace elements.· Nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
► form· Glu115 also forms hydrogen bonds to His118 and to Asp84, and Glu238 hydrogen-bonds to Glu204.· In any plausible way of forming Jupiter the hydrogen and helium are initially well mixed at a molecular level.· Charged residues are only occasionally found in the interior, where they form hydrogen bonds to oppositely charged residues or main-chain atoms.· These polymers can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds which greatly enhance crystallite stability.
► produce· However, at present, the economics of using solar-produced electricity to produce hydrogen from water by electrolysis are poor.
► use· These bacteria use molecular hydrogen as well as other electron donors, for the dissimilatory reduction of sulphate to sulphide.· The cells will drive electric motors and use on-board hydrogen gas as fuel.· For comparison with the alkaline phosphatase technique, we used 100 µl of hydrogen peroxide.· Thus, this mission is so demanding that we are forced to use liquid hydrogen as the propellant.