单词 | hierarchy |
释义 | hierarchyhier‧ar‧chy /ˈhaɪrɑːki $ -ɑːr-/ ●○○ AWL noun (plural hierarchies) ![]() ![]() WORD ORIGINhierarchy ExamplesOrigin: 1300-1400 Old French ierarchie, from Latin, from Greek hierarches, from hieros ‘holy’ + -arches ‘ruler’ (from archein ‘to rule’)EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatoryour position or rank in an organization, company etc► position Collocations your job in an organization, company, or profession - use this to talk about how important someone is and how much responsibility they have: · Her position in the company means that she is responsible for major financial decisions.· He eventually became Lord Chancellor, the most powerful position in the British legal system.hold a position (=have a position): · Thorn holds one of the most senior positions in the Federal Bank. ► level all the jobs in an organization that are similar in importance and that pay similar amounts of money: · The company provides training for staff at all levels.· There are not many part-time workers in the middle and higher levels of management. ► rank someone's position in an organization such as the army or police force: · Gang members wear clothes or decorations that show the member's rank.rank of: · He joined the Los Angeles police department and was eventually promoted to the rank of lieutenant.· Four of the boys in Boy Scout Troop 611 reached the rank of Eagle Scout.hold a rank (=have a rank): · The position of Secretary of State holds Cabinet rank. ► status someone's position within an organization or within society, based on how important they are considered to be: · The tribe buried their dead with ornaments or tools that showed the dead person's status.low/high status: · In the Middle Ages, priests and other religious figures had a very high status.gain/lose status: · She gained celebrity status with her publication of "Mastering the Art of French Cooking." ► standing someone's position within society or a particular area of activity, based on the respect and admiration that other people have for them: · Stefano's standing as an artist has improved over the past few years.· Graduates from certain colleges have a lower standing in the eyes of employers.· a man of standing and wealth ► hierarchy a system in which people have different positions in an organization, society etc, based on their level of importance: · Genotti was thought to be number two in the Sicilian Mafia hierarchy.· The school district reorganized the administrative hierarchy, which helped to save money. WORD SETS► Organizationsacademician, nounacademy, nounAMA, Asian Development Bank, nounAssociates, nounAssociation for Payment Clearing Services, nounAudit Bureau of Circulation, nounbadge, nounBaltic Exchange, nounBBA, nounblackball, verbBlue Shield, nounbook club, nounBoy Scout, nounbranch, nounbureau, nounCBOT, chairperson, nounchamber of commerce, nounchamber of trade, nounCISCO, nounCompanies House, nounco-operative society, coopt, verbcorp., corporate, adjectivecouncil, nouncub, nounCub Scout, noundepartment, noundiscount brokerage, dropout, nounEasdaq, nounechelon, nounemergency services, nounEuro.NM, nounexecutive, nounex-officio, adjectivefabricator, nounfederation, nounFinancial Accounting Standards Board, nounfire brigade, nounfire department, nounformation, nounfoundation, nounfrat, nounfraternity, nounFreemason, nounFreemasonry, nounfriendly society, nounfund, nounfunder, noungeneral headquarters, nounGinnie Mae, nounGirl Scout, nounguild, nounhealth care, nounhealth service, nounhierarchy, nounhousing association, nounICAO, IMF, the, induct, verbinduction, nouninfighting, nouninitiate, verbinitiate, nouninitiation, nouninside, adverbinsider, nouninstitute, nounInstitute of London Underwriters, nounInternational Securities Exchange, nounkibbutz, nounKKK, Ku Klux Klan, the, land office, nounLondon Clearing House, nounmarriage bureau, nounMasonic, adjectiveMMC, MNC, MNE, newsletter, nounNSPCC, order, nounpaternalism, nounpatriarchal, adjectivepenetrate, verbpowerhouse, nounpresident, nounpressure group, nounpublic enterprise, quorum, nounrating agency, realign, verbrecognize, verbrecruit, verbrecruit, nounregistry, nounreshuffle, nounresidents' association, nounreunion, nounRotary Club, the, Savings and Loan Association, nounsecede, verbsecretary, nounsecurities house, service club, nounShip, nounSoc., society, nounSRO, subscriber, nounsubscription, nountask force, nounthink tank, nountreasurer, nountrustee, nounUNICEF, unorganized, adjectivevertical, adjective COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► administrative Word family· For a short time, Simeon kept the Nazarean administrative hierarchy in Jerusalem.· And these rules may, of course, be enforced by an administrative hierarchy to which the subject may appeal.· These presupposed not only honest and well-educated people, but an administrative hierarchy, managers, and a system of checks. ► catholic· Heavily backed by the Catholic hierarchy, it had an agenda of combating Mafia crime.· Levada was a rising and ambitious figure within the conservative ranks of the Roman Catholic hierarchy.· From the Roman catholic hierarchy, he solicited the response that the church believed in the indissolubility of marriage.· The Catholic hierarchy was joined at the prayer vigil by the Rev.· Imprisonment -. condemned by the Catholic hierarchy from the pulpit.· The people of Holy Trinity espouse similar values in the face of an unpersuaded Catholic hierarchy.· Ostentatiously non-sectarian, Larkin was invariably opposed by the Catholic hierarchy on social issues. ► ecclesiastical· Some idea of status has to be obtained, therefore, if the local ecclesiastical hierarchy is to be understood.· There were no official mediators, licensed by an ecclesiastical hierarchy or set apart by apostolic ordination.· Belliustin called upon the tsar to circumvent the ecclesiastical hierarchy and breathe life into the clerical estate. ► local· Some idea of status has to be obtained, therefore, if the local ecclesiastical hierarchy is to be understood.· He can afford to argue with the local hierarchy when the interests of his order require it. ► managerial· Given the power of the managerial hierarchy to dispense or withhold rewards, open acts of defiance expose individuals to reprisal.· It had two primary characteristics: multiple operating units and managerial hierarchies.· Both reasons for fragmenting work imply the creation of a managerial hierarchy to co-ordinate and control the various fragmented jobs.· As an organizational system, managerial hierarchy has never been adequately described and has just as certainly never been adequately used.· What we need is managerial hierarchy that understands its own nature and purpose.· And, if they do, how should their organisational structure be incorporated into the managerial hierarchy of the hospital?· The problem is that our managerial hierarchies are so badly designed as to defeat the best efforts even of psychologically insightful individuals. ► old· But as the old hierarchies are swept away, some managers are demoted and many others see their natural promotion paths disappear.· I go into meetings now and the old hierarchy is flattened.· The anytime / anyplace business world leaves those whose position in the old hierarchy gave them status and power upset and uneasy. ► rigid· In place of the rigid bureaucracies and hierarchies of many traditional companies Peters and Waterman found less conventional and more dynamic organisational forms.· We needed flexibility, but kept rigid hierarchies.· Many communities of small cetaceans have rigid hierarchies of power.· For decades rigid party hierarchy determined political fortunes.· Such disparities predated the imposition of a rigid social hierarchy, but became more marked during the course of the Tokugawa period.· In Workplace 2000, rigid hierarchies will be dismantled, as will the ceremonial trappings of power.· Its supporters make the point that it breaks down rigid hierarchies and allows for greater participation in the decision-making process. ► roman· From the Roman catholic hierarchy, he solicited the response that the church believed in the indissolubility of marriage.· Levada was a rising and ambitious figure within the conservative ranks of the Roman Catholic hierarchy.· A son who might rise in the Roman priestly hierarchy was essential to family and dynastic interests. ► social· What is its place in the social hierarchy of knowledge? 2.· When children are segregated by ability groups, a social hierarchy develops.· An official orthodoxy based on Neo-Confucian doctrines emphasized the preservation of order and maintenance of social hierarchy.· Both are born into colonial societies ordered by traditional social systems of hierarchy and male domination and by strong, fundamentalist religion.· These quite explicitly linked vocational education with the low status black people were expected to occupy in the social hierarchy.· In the social hierarchy, these lords of big business were the equivalent of the daimyos of the past with their clans.· This unequal but in general legitimated social hierarchy had depended on a healthy capitalist economy and benign, prosperous welfare State.· In sum, conservatism attempts to prevent or slow the transition away from a society based on traditional values and social hierarchy. ► strict· Figure 2.2 reflects an organisation without a strict hierarchy where everyone is working quite independently.· Operation Rescue was an organization with a strict hierarchy of command.· In the strict hierarchy of the Catalan countryside these peasant farmer families almost ranked as a petty nobility.· There seemed to be a strict hierarchy of beauty and desirability.· Forward-thinking organisations have restructured themselves so that adherence to strict hierarchy and title is less significant.· Even among the whites in a single grade there was a strict sense of hierarchy. ► traditional· Some were outright extensions of traditional hierarchies, while others were predominantly recruited from the new plutocracy and professions.· The traditional hierarchy will have only a local, limited, internal role. NOUN► church· These country people did not love bishops, the paraphernalia of church hierarchy.· This decision split the vehemently antiabortion Church hierarchy from its liberal allies.· They are, for a start, a product of the local community, not the church hierarchy.· In the South, the church hierarchy pursued the path of full cultural control.· But the official church hierarchy strongly disapproved.· Between 60 and 70 percent of Salisbury's clergy wives now work, and the church hierarchy encourages them to.· In contrast we find the Church party attacking the Church hierarchy. ► class· Each of the objects in our little class hierarchy is also an instance of the Thing class.· Their consumer goods are yearned for throughout the class hierarchy.· The difference in the relative mortality of the extremes of the class hierarchy decrease with age.· The class hierarchy is alive and well in the gradations through the 250 different decorations which the Crown awards.· This is the object-oriented concept of inheritance, that is, characteristics received from an ancestor in a class hierarchy. ► status· The breakdown in inhibitions may be moving up the status hierarchy in higher education. VERB► arrange· Society was arranged in a dual hierarchy, of laymen and clergy.· But he delved deeper and discovered that the thirteen genders were arranged in a hierarchy.· The second premise is that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance. ► based· In essence, internal relations previously based on hierarchies and bureaucratic authority are being gradually transformed into actual or surrogate market transactions.· It acknowledged color differences but based no hierarchy on them.· This results from its special form of organization, a system of relations based on hierarchy, specialization and co-ordination.· Scheler's phenomenology was based on a metaphysical hierarchy of values orienting the human being.· This is in contrast to the traditional structure based upon professional hierarchies.· We are developing a holistic model of nursing care directly based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.· The social system is based on a hierarchy within which the most dominant individuals take the greatest share of food.· It remains a conservative model, based upon control and hierarchy. ► create· Browsers create windows in a hierarchy which starts with a page in the original browser window.· You just create a new hierarchy and reset the thermostat.· The draftsman did not make the crimes formerly contained in those statutes consistent or create a hierarchy of offences.· The range of connectance created a hierarchy.· It is possible to express many-to-many relationships using the hierarchical model, but only by creating two hierarchies.· In the next project, I have created a small hierarchy of related classes.· The effect of this is to create a hierarchy of norms with conformity with the obligations of the Charter at the top.· These two factors act together to create and reproduce social hierarchy. ► establish· The dazzle effect of grids can be subdued by establishing a hierarchy of one set of parallels over another.· Thus the recognition of values helps health practitioners establish priorities and hierarchies of importance among needs and goals. ► flatten· It was hypothesized here that the flattening of the hierarchy was apparent, but this did not automatically democratize.· Hence participatory organizations find that they must eliminate layers and flatten their hierarchies.· At the same time our study found that although the flattening of the hierarchy was apparent, that did not automatically democratize.· Companies are flattening management hierarchies and erasing the operational separation between managers and workers. ► form· If there are many males and females in the group, the males form a separate hierarchy above that of the females.· Living beings comprise a whole sequence of levels forming such a hierarchy.· Linguistic units tend to form a hierarchy of extent.· The grammatical structure of the sentence is thus a series of nested constructions forming a hierarchy. ► move· As we move up the hierarchy towards elite sport, there is an increasing demand to watch sporting competitions.· The breakdown in inhibitions may be moving up the status hierarchy in higher education.· Each group becomes more inclusive the further we move up the hierarchy.· Mortality rates among the adult working population parallel the progressive incidence of illness that occurs as one moves down the social hierarchy.· As officials move up the hierarchy they may be more involved in policy advice rather than managing budgets or people. WORD FAMILYnounhierarchyadjectivehierarchicaladverbhierarchically 1[countable, uncountable] a system of organization in which people or things are divided into levels of importance: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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