英语词汇“gastric”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINgastric

Origin:

1600-1700 Modern Latin gastricus, from Greek gaster ‘stomach’

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

Finally Aluminium Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide is administered orally, as a neutralizer of gastric hydrochloric acid.
Gastrin is a gut hormone produced by G cells located in the gastric antrum.
H pylori positive gastritis, and the combination of active duodenitis and gastric metaplasia were independent predictors of duodenal ulceration.
In association with endocrine cell hyperplasia, gastric carcinoid tumours have been observed in 1-7% of pernicious anaemia patients screened by gastroscopy.
It has long been known that pernicious anaemia predisposes to development of gastric adenocarcinoma.
Oral aspirin is difficult if the patient is nauseated and vomiting and the opiate given to relieve pain may delay gastric motility.
Peptic ulcer is a convenient term which covers both gastric and duodenal ulcers.
There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups.

WORD SETS► Human

AB, nounabdomen, nounaccommodation, nounAchilles tendon, nounAdam's apple, nounadaptation, nounadenoids, nounadrenalin, nounairway, nounambidextrous, adjectiveanatomical, adjectiveankle, nounantibody, nounantigen, nounanus, nounanvil, nounaorta, nounappendix, nounarch, nounarmpit, nounarterial, adjectiveartery, nounatrium, nounbaby tooth, nounback, nounbackbone, nounbandy, adjectivebarrel-chested, adjectivebeat, verbbelly, nounbelly button, nounbicep, nounbig toe, nounbikini line, nounbile, nounbiological clock, nounbiorhythms, nounbiped, nounbladder, nounblind spot, nounblink, verbblink, nounblood count, nounblood group, nounblood pressure, nounbloodstream, nounblood type, nounblood vessel, nounBO, nounbody clock, nounbody odour, nounbone, nounbone marrow, nounbowel, nounbow legs, nounbrain, nounbrainwave, nounbreast, nounbreastbone, nounbristly, adjectivebronchial, adjectivebronchial tube, nounbrow, nounbuck teeth, nounbullnecked, adjectiveburp, verbbust, nounbuttock, nouncanine, nouncapillary, nouncardiac, adjectivecardio-, prefixcardiovascular, adjectivecarotid artery, nouncartilage, nouncentral nervous system, nouncerebellum, nouncerebral, adjectivecervical, adjectivecervix, nounchamber, nounchange of life, nouncheek, nouncheekbone, nounchest, nounchin, nouncirculation, nounclavicle, nouncleavage, nounclitoris, nounclose-set, adjectivecoccyx, nouncochlea, nouncock, nouncollarbone, nouncolon, nouncolour, nouncolour-blind, adjectiveconception, nouncone, nounconnective tissue, nouncoordination, nouncornea, nouncortex, nouncough, verbcough, nouncowlick, nouncranium, nouncrook, verbcrotch, nouncrow's feet, nouncrutch, nouncry, verbcuticle, noundandruff, noundeep-set, adjectivedefecate, verbdefence mechanism, noundental, adjectivedentine, nounderrière, noundiaphragm, noundigit, noundigital, adjectivedimple, noundisc, noundominant, adjectivedouble-jointed, adjectivedribble, verbdrool, verbduct, nounduodenum, nounear, nouneardrum, nounearhole, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbelbow, nounenamel, nounendocrine, adjectiveentrails, nounepidermis, nounepiglottis, nounerect, adjectiveerection, nounerogenous zone, nounexcrement, nounexcreta, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexpectorate, verbextremity, nouneye, nouneyebrow, nouneyelash, nouneyelid, nouneyesight, nouneye tooth, nounface, nounfallopian tube, nounfart, verbfart, nounfemur, nounfibre, nounfibula, nounfigure, nounfingernail, nounfingertip, nounfist, nounfive o'clock shadow, nounflat-chested, adjectivefoetal position, nounfolic acid, nounfollicle, nounforearm, nounforefinger, nounforehead, nounforeskin, nounframe, nounfunny bone, noungall bladder, noungallstone, noungastric, adjectivegenital, adjectivegenitals, noungland, nounglottis, noungonad, noungrey matter, noungroin, nounG-spot, noungullet, noungum, nounhair, nounhairless, adjectivehairy, adjectivehammer, nounhamstring, nounhand, nounhand-eye co-ordination, nounhandlebar moustache, nounhead, nounheart, nounheel, nounhiccup, nounhiccup, verbhip, nounHomo sapiens, nounhumerus, nounhymen, nounimmune, adjectiveimmune system, nounimmunity, nouninbred, adjectiveincisor, nounindex finger, nouninherit, verbinstep, nounintestine, nounin vitro fertilization, nouniris, nounIVF, nounjaw, nounjawbone, nounjowl, nounkidney, nounknee, nounknee cap, nounknuckle, nounlap, nounlarge intestine, nounlarynx, nounlash, nounlaugh lines, nounlaughter lines, nounleft-handed, adjectivelefty, nounlens, nounlid, nounlifeblood, nounligament, nounlip, nounlittle finger, nounliver, nounlobe, nounlong-sighted, adjectivelumbar, adjectivelung, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmammary, adjectivemammary gland, nounmanual, adjectivemarrow, nounmasticate, verbmatrix, nounmelanin, nounmelatonin, nounmember, nounmenopause, nounmenses, nounmenstrual, adjectivemenstrual period, nounmenstruate, verbmiddle ear, nounmiddle finger, nounmidget, nounmidriff, nounmilk tooth, nounmind, nounmolar, nounmucous membrane, nounmuscle, nounnail, nounnape, nounnasal, adjectivenavel, nounnervous, adjectiveneurology, nounneuron, nounniacin, nounnipple, nounnode, nounnodule, nounnostril, nounocular, adjectiveoesophagus, nounoral, adjectiveovary, nounoverbite, nounoviduct, nounpalate, nounpalm, nounpalpitate, verbpalpitations, nounpancreas, nounpassage, nounpatella, nounpectorals, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenetrate, verbpepsin, nounperiod, nounperiod pain, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphallus, nounpharynx, nounphlegm, nounphysical, adjectivephysiognomy, nounphysiology, nounphysique, nounpigeon-toed, adjectivepit, nounpituitary, nounplacenta, nounplasma, nounplatelet, nounpore, nounpotbelly, nounpremenstrual, adjectiveprepubescent, adjectivepressure point, nounprimal, adjectiveprivate parts, nounprognathous, adjectiveprostate, nounpuberty, nounpubescent, adjectivepubic, adjectivepudendum, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulse, nounpupil, nounquad, nounquadruplet, nounquin, nounquintuplet, nounradius, nounreceptor, nounrecessive, adjectiverectal, adjectiverectum, nounred blood cell, nounREM sleep, nounrenal, adjectiveretina, nounRhesus factor, nounRH factor, nounrib, nounrib cage, nounright, adjectiveright-handed, adjectiveright-hander, nounrigor mortis, nounring finger, nounrod, nounRoman nose, nounround-shouldered, adjectiverun, verbsalivary gland, nounsallow, adjectivescalp, nounscaly, adjectivescapula, nounsciatic, adjectivescrotum, nounsemen, nounseminal, adjectivesense, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectivesextuplet, nounshank, nounshin, nounshinbone, nounshoulder, nounshoulder blade, nounside, nounsinew, nounsinus, nounskeletal, adjectiveskull, nounsleep, verbsleep, nounsmall intestine, nounsneeze, verbsneeze, nounsnub nose, nounsnub-nosed, adjectivesoft palate, nounsolar plexus, nounsole, nounsphincter, nounspinal, adjectivespinal column, nounspine, nounspit, verbspit, nounspittle, nounspleen, nounspotty, adjectivesputum, nounsternum, nounsteroid, nounstirrup, nounstomach, nounstool, nounstubble, nounsubcutaneous, adjectivesuck, verbsuckle, verbsuckling, nounsweat gland, nounsystem, nountailbone, nountan, verbtan, nountanned, adjectivetarsus, nountartar, nountaste bud, nountear, nounteardrop, nounteat, nountemple, nountendon, nountestes, nountesticle, nountestis, nountestosterone, nounthickset, adjectivethigh, nounthorax, nounthroat, nounthumb, nounthumbnail, nounthyroid, nountibia, nounticklish, adjectivetoe, nountoenail, nountongue, nountonsil, nountooth, nountorso, nountouch, nountrachea, nountriceps, nountrunk, nountympanum, nounulna, nounumbilical cord, nounurethra, nounuterus, nounuvula, nounvagina, nounvascular, adjectivevein, nounvenous, adjectiveventricle, nounvessel, nounvestibule, nounvital, adjectivevocal cords, nounvoice box, nounvulva, nounwaist, nounwall-eyed, adjectivewax, nounwhite, nounwhite blood cell, nounwindpipe, nounwisdom tooth, nounwomb, nounwrinkle, verbwrist, nounyawn, verbyawn, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► acid

· There are no studies on the acute effect of alcohol intake on gastric acid secretion in chronic alcoholic patients.· In healthy men without atrophy, gastric acid secretion is preserved with ageing and is independent of H pylori status.· Children who are malnourished with chronic diarrhoea have defective gastric acid secretion.· Five patients had additional selective gastric vagotomy because of excessive gastric acid or a history of duodenal ulcer.· Recent controlled studies have served to clarify the different aspects of the interaction between alcohol and gastric acid secretion.· Alcoholic beverages with low ethanol content stimulate gastric acid secretion by additional mechanisms.· For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.· To compare the effect of different substances on gastric acid secretion proper control solutions comparable with the test solution should be used.

► antrum

· Materials and methods Three biopsies of the gastric antrum were taken in 94 random patients referred for routine gastroscopy.· Gastrin is the designation given to a family of protein hormones produced by the mucosal cells of the gastric antrum.· Gastrin is a gut hormone produced by G cells located in the gastric antrum.

► body

· Antral crypts were estimated to be longer than gastric body crypts.· Decreased peptic activity was present not only in the antral mucosa but also in the less affected mucosa of the gastric body.

► cancer

· A cohort study of gastric cancer incidence among cimetidine users previously published is extended with additional three years of observation.· It is speculated that this increases protection against gastric cancer.· Ascorbic acid, the reduced form of vitamin C, is thought to protect against gastric cancer.· H pylori infection has been shown in prospective epidemiological studies to be a risk factor for gastric cancer.· However, the random biopsy specimens in the patients with early gastric cancer did not show dysplasia at either investigation.· Pancreatic carcinoma is now overtaking gastric cancer as the fourth leading cause of death from malignancy in the United Kingdom.· The authors thus concluded that the excess mortality noted for gastric cancer was probably related to socioeconomic class rather than coal mining.· It has been suggested that gastric cancer which occurs in some manual workers is occupation related.

► carcinoma

· A recent review confirmed the increase in risk of developing a gastric carcinoma after gastric resection.· There is also evidence to support a role as a risk factor for gastric carcinoma.· Discussion A decrease in the incidence of gastric carcinoma has been widely reported over the last three decades.· This increased incidence of gastric carcinomas seems to be related to local factors.· The experience of partial gastrectomy indicates that the time required for de novo growth of gastric carcinoma is about 15 years.

► contents

· One of the lumens was used to drain the gastric contents by siphonage.· Several factors are responsible for recurrent exposure of the distal oesophagus to gastric contents and the subsequent development of reflux oesophagitis.

► emptying

· The faster gastric emptying after treatment is not unexpected.· Psyllium significantly delayed gastric emptying from the third hour after a meal.· For patients with postoperative dumping or diarrhoea it is prudent to assess gastric emptying before starting remedial surgery.· In this study, we found that in obese patients psyllium moderately but significantly delays gastric emptying of a solid meal.· Thus, a radiograph six hours after meal intake showing incomplete gastric emptying of markers indicates delayed gastric emptying.· There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups.· Studies in rats have shown that bile salts inhibit gastric emptying and prolongs intestinal transit time.

► flu

· I think I've got gastric flu.· Withdrawal from heroin, usually described in lurid nightmare language, is actually like a severe attack of gastric flu.· Perhaps it was just gastric flu.

► gland

· It does, however, express histamine H 2 receptors, which are pharmacologically indistinguishable from those on human gastric glands.· The larval stages occur in the gastric glands and can only be seen microscopically following processing of the gastric mucosa.

► juice

· It is concluded that successful eradication of H pylori improves secretion of vitamin C into gastric juice.· The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices.· A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis.· This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food.· The significance of platelet activating factor in the gastric juice of healthy humans is still difficult to analyse.· The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes.· Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.· Up to seven layers are necessary to prevent the gastric juices from dis solving the package.

► lesion

· A repeated endoscopy and biopsy specimens of the gastric lesions showed no change.· The endoscopic aspect of the gastric lesions was clearly suggestive of malignancy in only half the patients.· Case 1 was the only patient who had gastric lesions, all lesions since have been ileal.· The animals were anaesthetised three hours later and gastric blood flow and area of gastric lesions were measured as previously described.· The stomach was then removed and the number of gastric lesions were counted.

► lymphoma

· Involvement of other mucosal sites preceded, coincided with, or followed the manifestations of the gastric lymphoma.· In one female patient, the body ulcer was later identified as a gastric lymphoma and surgical resection was done.· A gastric lymphoma developed in the fourth patient seven years after radiotherapy treatment for Hodgkin's disease.· A panel of monoclonal antibodies were used to characterise the gastric lymphoma in all 50 patients who had undergone surgery.· This observation illustrates the usefulness of endosonography in the staging of low grade gastric lymphoma.

► metaplasia

· H pylori positive gastritis, and the combination of active duodenitis and gastric metaplasia were independent predictors of duodenal ulceration.· On logistic regression, the presence and extent of gastric metaplasia was not significantly associated with H pylori infection.· In 79% of the biopsy specimens there was concurrence over the grading of the extent of gastric metaplasia.· Only in two cases was a difference of more than one grade in the extent of gastric metaplasia found.· So far, no prospective study has been performed to investigate the natural history of gastric metaplasia.· According to previous studies, gastric metaplasia is an almost constant finding in patients with duodenal ulceration.· But gastric metaplasia may also develop as a non-specific response to mucosal injury not associated with acid peptic damage.· An important problem in the detection of gastric metaplasia is its patchy distribution.

► mucosa

· Perhaps the most striking finding in the present study was the histological analysis of the gastric mucosa surrounding the tumour.· Secondly, stimulation of capsaicin sensitive neurones in the stomach enhances the resistance of the gastric mucosa against experimentally imposed damage.· Meye etal reported that tight junctions in the canine gastric mucosa were significantly damaged by exposure to aspirin.· A opportunity arose from a primary study of proliferation in gastric malignancy to investigate BrdUrd labelled gastric mucosa.· Prostaglandins are well recognised as protecting the gastric mucosa and enhancing the perception of pain.· Furthermore, the state of the gastric mucosa was not described.· Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by NSAIDs is the major established mechanism by which NSAIDs render the gastric mucosa vulnerable to mucosal injury.· Prominent among the protective mechanisms that are controlled by nociceptive neurones is the microcirculation of the gastric mucosa.

► secretion

· Cisapride does not affect gastric secretion either in animals or man.· This increase in gastric secretion showed a positive correlation to the total number of cigarettes smoked.· Over the years there have been many studies of the effects of smoking on gastric secretion.· Many studies can be discounted since they have used unnatural smoking protocols, or basal or maximal gastric secretion as a plateau.· There are no studies on the effect of acute alcohol intake on gastric secretion in the chronic alcoholic patient.· One and a half years later gastroscopy showed some slight fasting gastric secretion.· The acute response to nicotine in these chronically treated rats was a significant decrease in gastric secretion.· In man, nicotine given parenterally has been shown to have an acute inhibitory action on the gastric secretion.

► surgery

· The cause for this is not clear but one factor could be the higher proportion of miners who had had gastric surgery.· Patients with previous oesophageal or gastric surgery were excluded from the study.· Previous gastric surgery was uncommon in all three groups and showed no significant difference.· Previous gastric surgery was not a feature of our tumour group as has been suggested by previous studies.· Persistant pain is often reported after gastric surgery and management is difficult.· Conversely, operations that divert bile away from the stomach will ameliorate dysplastic features induced by previous gastric surgery.· None of these patients had had previous gastric surgery.

► ulcer

· In addition, our data indicate genetic heterogeneity of gastric ulcer disease.· Eighty unrelated controls, 61 patients with gastric ulcer, and 57 patients with duodenal ulcer were studied.· Kurata etal reported that duodenal ulcers were diagnosed 2.5 times more frequently than gastric ulcers in Los Angeles, California.· Therefore, additional evidence clearly pointing to a causal relation between H pylori infection and gastric ulcer disease has to be provided.· Thus, in addition to duodenal ulcer disease, H pylori eradication may also cure gastric ulcer disease.· The patients with gastric ulcer had significantly fewer gap junctions than did the healthy volunteers.· There are few data concerning the role of anti- H pylori treatment in gastric ulcer disease.· Six patients had gastric ulcers and five had duodenal ulcers.

PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► gastric juices

Indeed that smell did stimulate the gastric juices.
The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices.
This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food.
Up to seven layers are necessary to prevent the gastric juices from dis solving the package.

► gastric flu

I think I've got gastric flu.
Perhaps it was just gastric flu.
Withdrawal from heroin, usually described in lurid nightmare language, is actually like a severe attack of gastric flu.

► gastric bypass► gastric bandPHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► gastric/digestive juice(s)

A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis.
Can gastric juice ascorbic acid secretion be restored by eradication of H pylori?
Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.
Soon the mere noise of the bell would start their digestive juices running.
The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes.
The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices.
They crush their victim in their pincers, but feed by injecting digestive juices and sucking the prey dry.
This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food.

单词	gastric
释义	gastricgas‧tric /ˈɡæstrɪk/ adjective [only before noun] technical Word Origin WORD ORIGINgastric Origin: 1600-1700 Modern Latin gastricus, from Greek gaster ‘stomach’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Finally Aluminium Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide is administered orally, as a neutralizer of gastric hydrochloric acid. Gastrin is a gut hormone produced by G cells located in the gastric antrum. H pylori positive gastritis, and the combination of active duodenitis and gastric metaplasia were independent predictors of duodenal ulceration. In association with endocrine cell hyperplasia, gastric carcinoid tumours have been observed in 1-7% of pernicious anaemia patients screened by gastroscopy. It has long been known that pernicious anaemia predisposes to development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Oral aspirin is difficult if the patient is nauseated and vomiting and the opiate given to relieve pain may delay gastric motility. Peptic ulcer is a convenient term which covers both gastric and duodenal ulcers. There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups. word sets WORD SETS► Human AB, nounabdomen, nounaccommodation, nounAchilles tendon, nounAdam's apple, nounadaptation, nounadenoids, nounadrenalin, nounairway, nounambidextrous, adjectiveanatomical, adjectiveankle, nounantibody, nounantigen, nounanus, nounanvil, nounaorta, nounappendix, nounarch, nounarmpit, nounarterial, adjectiveartery, nounatrium, nounbaby tooth, nounback, nounbackbone, nounbandy, adjectivebarrel-chested, adjectivebeat, verbbelly, nounbelly button, nounbicep, nounbig toe, nounbikini line, nounbile, nounbiological clock, nounbiorhythms, nounbiped, nounbladder, nounblind spot, nounblink, verbblink, nounblood count, nounblood group, nounblood pressure, nounbloodstream, nounblood type, nounblood vessel, nounBO, nounbody clock, nounbody odour, nounbone, nounbone marrow, nounbowel, nounbow legs, nounbrain, nounbrainwave, nounbreast, nounbreastbone, nounbristly, adjectivebronchial, adjectivebronchial tube, nounbrow, nounbuck teeth, nounbullnecked, adjectiveburp, verbbust, nounbuttock, nouncanine, nouncapillary, nouncardiac, adjectivecardio-, prefixcardiovascular, adjectivecarotid artery, nouncartilage, nouncentral nervous system, nouncerebellum, nouncerebral, adjectivecervical, adjectivecervix, nounchamber, nounchange of life, nouncheek, nouncheekbone, nounchest, nounchin, nouncirculation, nounclavicle, nouncleavage, nounclitoris, nounclose-set, adjectivecoccyx, nouncochlea, nouncock, nouncollarbone, nouncolon, nouncolour, nouncolour-blind, adjectiveconception, nouncone, nounconnective tissue, nouncoordination, nouncornea, nouncortex, nouncough, verbcough, nouncowlick, nouncranium, nouncrook, verbcrotch, nouncrow's feet, nouncrutch, nouncry, verbcuticle, noundandruff, noundeep-set, adjectivedefecate, verbdefence mechanism, noundental, adjectivedentine, nounderrière, noundiaphragm, noundigit, noundigital, adjectivedimple, noundisc, noundominant, adjectivedouble-jointed, adjectivedribble, verbdrool, verbduct, nounduodenum, nounear, nouneardrum, nounearhole, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbelbow, nounenamel, nounendocrine, adjectiveentrails, nounepidermis, nounepiglottis, nounerect, adjectiveerection, nounerogenous zone, nounexcrement, nounexcreta, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexpectorate, verbextremity, nouneye, nouneyebrow, nouneyelash, nouneyelid, nouneyesight, nouneye tooth, nounface, nounfallopian tube, nounfart, verbfart, nounfemur, nounfibre, nounfibula, nounfigure, nounfingernail, nounfingertip, nounfist, nounfive o'clock shadow, nounflat-chested, adjectivefoetal position, nounfolic acid, nounfollicle, nounforearm, nounforefinger, nounforehead, nounforeskin, nounframe, nounfunny bone, noungall bladder, noungallstone, noungastric, adjectivegenital, adjectivegenitals, noungland, nounglottis, noungonad, noungrey matter, noungroin, nounG-spot, noungullet, noungum, nounhair, nounhairless, adjectivehairy, adjectivehammer, nounhamstring, nounhand, nounhand-eye co-ordination, nounhandlebar moustache, nounhead, nounheart, nounheel, nounhiccup, nounhiccup, verbhip, nounHomo sapiens, nounhumerus, nounhymen, nounimmune, adjectiveimmune system, nounimmunity, nouninbred, adjectiveincisor, nounindex finger, nouninherit, verbinstep, nounintestine, nounin vitro fertilization, nouniris, nounIVF, nounjaw, nounjawbone, nounjowl, nounkidney, nounknee, nounknee cap, nounknuckle, nounlap, nounlarge intestine, nounlarynx, nounlash, nounlaugh lines, nounlaughter lines, nounleft-handed, adjectivelefty, nounlens, nounlid, nounlifeblood, nounligament, nounlip, nounlittle finger, nounliver, nounlobe, nounlong-sighted, adjectivelumbar, adjectivelung, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmammary, adjectivemammary gland, nounmanual, adjectivemarrow, nounmasticate, verbmatrix, nounmelanin, nounmelatonin, nounmember, nounmenopause, nounmenses, nounmenstrual, adjectivemenstrual period, nounmenstruate, verbmiddle ear, nounmiddle finger, nounmidget, nounmidriff, nounmilk tooth, nounmind, nounmolar, nounmucous membrane, nounmuscle, nounnail, nounnape, nounnasal, adjectivenavel, nounnervous, adjectiveneurology, nounneuron, nounniacin, nounnipple, nounnode, nounnodule, nounnostril, nounocular, adjectiveoesophagus, nounoral, adjectiveovary, nounoverbite, nounoviduct, nounpalate, nounpalm, nounpalpitate, verbpalpitations, nounpancreas, nounpassage, nounpatella, nounpectorals, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenetrate, verbpepsin, nounperiod, nounperiod pain, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphallus, nounpharynx, nounphlegm, nounphysical, adjectivephysiognomy, nounphysiology, nounphysique, nounpigeon-toed, adjectivepit, nounpituitary, nounplacenta, nounplasma, nounplatelet, nounpore, nounpotbelly, nounpremenstrual, adjectiveprepubescent, adjectivepressure point, nounprimal, adjectiveprivate parts, nounprognathous, adjectiveprostate, nounpuberty, nounpubescent, adjectivepubic, adjectivepudendum, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulse, nounpupil, nounquad, nounquadruplet, nounquin, nounquintuplet, nounradius, nounreceptor, nounrecessive, adjectiverectal, adjectiverectum, nounred blood cell, nounREM sleep, nounrenal, adjectiveretina, nounRhesus factor, nounRH factor, nounrib, nounrib cage, nounright, adjectiveright-handed, adjectiveright-hander, nounrigor mortis, nounring finger, nounrod, nounRoman nose, nounround-shouldered, adjectiverun, verbsalivary gland, nounsallow, adjectivescalp, nounscaly, adjectivescapula, nounsciatic, adjectivescrotum, nounsemen, nounseminal, adjectivesense, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectivesextuplet, nounshank, nounshin, nounshinbone, nounshoulder, nounshoulder blade, nounside, nounsinew, nounsinus, nounskeletal, adjectiveskull, nounsleep, verbsleep, nounsmall intestine, nounsneeze, verbsneeze, nounsnub nose, nounsnub-nosed, adjectivesoft palate, nounsolar plexus, nounsole, nounsphincter, nounspinal, adjectivespinal column, nounspine, nounspit, verbspit, nounspittle, nounspleen, nounspotty, adjectivesputum, nounsternum, nounsteroid, nounstirrup, nounstomach, nounstool, nounstubble, nounsubcutaneous, adjectivesuck, verbsuckle, verbsuckling, nounsweat gland, nounsystem, nountailbone, nountan, verbtan, nountanned, adjectivetarsus, nountartar, nountaste bud, nountear, nounteardrop, nounteat, nountemple, nountendon, nountestes, nountesticle, nountestis, nountestosterone, nounthickset, adjectivethigh, nounthorax, nounthroat, nounthumb, nounthumbnail, nounthyroid, nountibia, nounticklish, adjectivetoe, nountoenail, nountongue, nountonsil, nountooth, nountorso, nountouch, nountrachea, nountriceps, nountrunk, nountympanum, nounulna, nounumbilical cord, nounurethra, nounuterus, nounuvula, nounvagina, nounvascular, adjectivevein, nounvenous, adjectiveventricle, nounvessel, nounvestibule, nounvital, adjectivevocal cords, nounvoice box, nounvulva, nounwaist, nounwall-eyed, adjectivewax, nounwhite, nounwhite blood cell, nounwindpipe, nounwisdom tooth, nounwomb, nounwrinkle, verbwrist, nounyawn, verbyawn, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► acid · There are no studies on the acute effect of alcohol intake on gastric acid secretion in chronic alcoholic patients.· In healthy men without atrophy, gastric acid secretion is preserved with ageing and is independent of H pylori status.· Children who are malnourished with chronic diarrhoea have defective gastric acid secretion.· Five patients had additional selective gastric vagotomy because of excessive gastric acid or a history of duodenal ulcer.· Recent controlled studies have served to clarify the different aspects of the interaction between alcohol and gastric acid secretion.· Alcoholic beverages with low ethanol content stimulate gastric acid secretion by additional mechanisms.· For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.· To compare the effect of different substances on gastric acid secretion proper control solutions comparable with the test solution should be used. ► antrum · Materials and methods Three biopsies of the gastric antrum were taken in 94 random patients referred for routine gastroscopy.· Gastrin is the designation given to a family of protein hormones produced by the mucosal cells of the gastric antrum.· Gastrin is a gut hormone produced by G cells located in the gastric antrum. ► body · Antral crypts were estimated to be longer than gastric body crypts.· Decreased peptic activity was present not only in the antral mucosa but also in the less affected mucosa of the gastric body. ► cancer · A cohort study of gastric cancer incidence among cimetidine users previously published is extended with additional three years of observation.· It is speculated that this increases protection against gastric cancer.· Ascorbic acid, the reduced form of vitamin C, is thought to protect against gastric cancer.· H pylori infection has been shown in prospective epidemiological studies to be a risk factor for gastric cancer.· However, the random biopsy specimens in the patients with early gastric cancer did not show dysplasia at either investigation.· Pancreatic carcinoma is now overtaking gastric cancer as the fourth leading cause of death from malignancy in the United Kingdom.· The authors thus concluded that the excess mortality noted for gastric cancer was probably related to socioeconomic class rather than coal mining.· It has been suggested that gastric cancer which occurs in some manual workers is occupation related. ► carcinoma · A recent review confirmed the increase in risk of developing a gastric carcinoma after gastric resection.· There is also evidence to support a role as a risk factor for gastric carcinoma.· Discussion A decrease in the incidence of gastric carcinoma has been widely reported over the last three decades.· This increased incidence of gastric carcinomas seems to be related to local factors.· The experience of partial gastrectomy indicates that the time required for de novo growth of gastric carcinoma is about 15 years. ► contents · One of the lumens was used to drain the gastric contents by siphonage.· Several factors are responsible for recurrent exposure of the distal oesophagus to gastric contents and the subsequent development of reflux oesophagitis. ► emptying · The faster gastric emptying after treatment is not unexpected.· Psyllium significantly delayed gastric emptying from the third hour after a meal.· For patients with postoperative dumping or diarrhoea it is prudent to assess gastric emptying before starting remedial surgery.· In this study, we found that in obese patients psyllium moderately but significantly delays gastric emptying of a solid meal.· Thus, a radiograph six hours after meal intake showing incomplete gastric emptying of markers indicates delayed gastric emptying.· There was no significant difference in gastric emptying between the two groups.· Studies in rats have shown that bile salts inhibit gastric emptying and prolongs intestinal transit time. ► flu · I think I've got gastric flu.· Withdrawal from heroin, usually described in lurid nightmare language, is actually like a severe attack of gastric flu.· Perhaps it was just gastric flu. ► gland · It does, however, express histamine H 2 receptors, which are pharmacologically indistinguishable from those on human gastric glands.· The larval stages occur in the gastric glands and can only be seen microscopically following processing of the gastric mucosa. ► juice · It is concluded that successful eradication of H pylori improves secretion of vitamin C into gastric juice.· The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices.· A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis.· This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food.· The significance of platelet activating factor in the gastric juice of healthy humans is still difficult to analyse.· The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes.· Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice.· Up to seven layers are necessary to prevent the gastric juices from dis solving the package. ► lesion · A repeated endoscopy and biopsy specimens of the gastric lesions showed no change.· The endoscopic aspect of the gastric lesions was clearly suggestive of malignancy in only half the patients.· Case 1 was the only patient who had gastric lesions, all lesions since have been ileal.· The animals were anaesthetised three hours later and gastric blood flow and area of gastric lesions were measured as previously described.· The stomach was then removed and the number of gastric lesions were counted. ► lymphoma · Involvement of other mucosal sites preceded, coincided with, or followed the manifestations of the gastric lymphoma.· In one female patient, the body ulcer was later identified as a gastric lymphoma and surgical resection was done.· A gastric lymphoma developed in the fourth patient seven years after radiotherapy treatment for Hodgkin's disease.· A panel of monoclonal antibodies were used to characterise the gastric lymphoma in all 50 patients who had undergone surgery.· This observation illustrates the usefulness of endosonography in the staging of low grade gastric lymphoma. ► metaplasia · H pylori positive gastritis, and the combination of active duodenitis and gastric metaplasia were independent predictors of duodenal ulceration.· On logistic regression, the presence and extent of gastric metaplasia was not significantly associated with H pylori infection.· In 79% of the biopsy specimens there was concurrence over the grading of the extent of gastric metaplasia.· Only in two cases was a difference of more than one grade in the extent of gastric metaplasia found.· So far, no prospective study has been performed to investigate the natural history of gastric metaplasia.· According to previous studies, gastric metaplasia is an almost constant finding in patients with duodenal ulceration.· But gastric metaplasia may also develop as a non-specific response to mucosal injury not associated with acid peptic damage.· An important problem in the detection of gastric metaplasia is its patchy distribution. ► mucosa · Perhaps the most striking finding in the present study was the histological analysis of the gastric mucosa surrounding the tumour.· Secondly, stimulation of capsaicin sensitive neurones in the stomach enhances the resistance of the gastric mucosa against experimentally imposed damage.· Meye etal reported that tight junctions in the canine gastric mucosa were significantly damaged by exposure to aspirin.· A opportunity arose from a primary study of proliferation in gastric malignancy to investigate BrdUrd labelled gastric mucosa.· Prostaglandins are well recognised as protecting the gastric mucosa and enhancing the perception of pain.· Furthermore, the state of the gastric mucosa was not described.· Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by NSAIDs is the major established mechanism by which NSAIDs render the gastric mucosa vulnerable to mucosal injury.· Prominent among the protective mechanisms that are controlled by nociceptive neurones is the microcirculation of the gastric mucosa. ► secretion · Cisapride does not affect gastric secretion either in animals or man.· This increase in gastric secretion showed a positive correlation to the total number of cigarettes smoked.· Over the years there have been many studies of the effects of smoking on gastric secretion.· Many studies can be discounted since they have used unnatural smoking protocols, or basal or maximal gastric secretion as a plateau.· There are no studies on the effect of acute alcohol intake on gastric secretion in the chronic alcoholic patient.· One and a half years later gastroscopy showed some slight fasting gastric secretion.· The acute response to nicotine in these chronically treated rats was a significant decrease in gastric secretion.· In man, nicotine given parenterally has been shown to have an acute inhibitory action on the gastric secretion. ► surgery · The cause for this is not clear but one factor could be the higher proportion of miners who had had gastric surgery.· Patients with previous oesophageal or gastric surgery were excluded from the study.· Previous gastric surgery was uncommon in all three groups and showed no significant difference.· Previous gastric surgery was not a feature of our tumour group as has been suggested by previous studies.· Persistant pain is often reported after gastric surgery and management is difficult.· Conversely, operations that divert bile away from the stomach will ameliorate dysplastic features induced by previous gastric surgery.· None of these patients had had previous gastric surgery. ► ulcer · In addition, our data indicate genetic heterogeneity of gastric ulcer disease.· Eighty unrelated controls, 61 patients with gastric ulcer, and 57 patients with duodenal ulcer were studied.· Kurata etal reported that duodenal ulcers were diagnosed 2.5 times more frequently than gastric ulcers in Los Angeles, California.· Therefore, additional evidence clearly pointing to a causal relation between H pylori infection and gastric ulcer disease has to be provided.· Thus, in addition to duodenal ulcer disease, H pylori eradication may also cure gastric ulcer disease.· The patients with gastric ulcer had significantly fewer gap junctions than did the healthy volunteers.· There are few data concerning the role of anti- H pylori treatment in gastric ulcer disease.· Six patients had gastric ulcers and five had duodenal ulcers. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► gastric juices Indeed that smell did stimulate the gastric juices. The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices. This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food. Up to seven layers are necessary to prevent the gastric juices from dis solving the package. ► gastric flu I think I've got gastric flu. Perhaps it was just gastric flu. Withdrawal from heroin, usually described in lurid nightmare language, is actually like a severe attack of gastric flu. ► gastric bypass► gastric bandPHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► gastric/digestive juice(s) A positive correlation was observed between the gastric juice ammonium and severity of gastritis. Can gastric juice ascorbic acid secretion be restored by eradication of H pylori? Peptic ulcers are produced by the self-destruction of the gut wall by pepsin and hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. Soon the mere noise of the bell would start their digestive juices running. The gastric juice was collected by gentle manual aspiration during 135 minutes. The stomach is mostly empty-the whisky is lying in a shallow pool where it is now mixed with highly acidic gastric juices. They crush their victim in their pincers, but feed by injecting digestive juices and sucking the prey dry. This is expressed as concentration of tyrosine, and it occurs by dilution of the gastric juices by the food. 1relating to your stomach: gastric ulcers2gastric juices the acids in your stomach that break food into smaller parts3gastric flu an illness that makes you vomit and gives you diarrhoea4gastric bypass a medical operation done to treat a fat person, in which the top part of the stomach is divided from the rest of it and connected to the middle of the small intestine5gastric band a band that is put around someone’s stomach, so that they feel full and eat less
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