单词 | flatness |
释义 | flatflat1 /flæt/ ●●● S2 W2 adjective (comparative flatter, superlative flattest) Entry menu MENU FOR flatflat1 surface2 money3 tyre/ball4 not deep5 drink6 not interesting7 battery8 business/trade9 E flat/B flat/A flat etc10 musical sound11 voice12 a flat refusal/denial etc13 be flat on your back14 shoes15 light16 and that’s flat! Word OriginWORD ORIGINflat1 ExamplesOrigin: 1200-1300 Old Norse flatrEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► flat Collocations on one level, without any holes or raised areas, and not sloping or curving: · a flat roof· a flat screen· Before you lay the tiles, make sure that the ground is completely flat. ► level not sloping in any direction, so that every part is at the same height: · Is the top of this picture level?· After four hours coming down the mountain, I was glad to be back on level ground. ► smooth without any holes or raised areas – used especially when saying how something feels when you touch it: · her lovely smooth skin· I ran my hand across the animal’s smooth fur. ► even without any holes or raised areas: · Apply the paint to an even surface.· Be careful – the path is not very even here. ► horizontal going straight across and not sloping: · a horizontal line· Raise both arms to a horizontal position. Longman Language Activatorflat and smooth► flat a place that is flat has no hills or mountains; a surface or object that is flat has no raised or curved parts: · Cambridge is very flat and you can see for miles.· a flat, sandy beach· We sat down on a big flat rock.· Focaccia, an Italian flat bread, has become very popular for sandwiches. ► smooth a smooth surface feels completely flat and has no rough or raised parts, especially in a way that is pleasant and attractive: · The marble table felt smooth and cold against her arm.· She has lovely smooth skin. ► even a surface such as a floor or road that is even is completely flat and all its parts are at the same height: · The floor must be completely even before we lay the tiles.· After driving for so long on the gravel I was glad to get on an even stretch of road. not sloping or vertical► flat · In those days the houses all had flat roofs.· We lay flat on our backs and stared up at the sky. ► level a surface or area that is level does not slope in any direction: · He looked for a strip of level ground where he could land the plane.· These shelves aren't level. ► horizontal a horizontal line, position, or surface is completely straight, flat, and not sloping, and is parallel with the ground or the bottom of something: · The cliff revealed horizontal layers of rock.horizontal line: · The teacher drew a long, horizontal line across the blackboard.horizontal position: · The wine bottles should be kept in a horizontal position. ► on its side something that is on its side has been moved from its usual upright position to a horizontal position: · One of the vehicles in the accident still lay on its side, blocking all four traffic lanes.· Place the chicken on its side in a baking dish and roast for 20 minutes.· A dog was pulling garbage out of a trash can which was lying on its side in the street. to make something flat► flatten to make something flat, especially something that is not usually flat: · The wind and rain had flattened the crops.· Roll the dough into a ball and then flatten it with a rolling pin. ► level to make a piece of land flat and stop it sloping in any direction: · It is important to level the land before planting.level something off/out: · The site of the explosion has now been levelled out and is going to be made into a memorial garden. ► roll/press/squash etc something flat to make something flat by rolling it, pressing it etc: · Roll the pastry flat and cut out two 8-inch circles.· Please squash all aluminum cans flat before placing them in the bin. ► smooth to make the surface of something such as paper or cloth completely flat and smooth: · She removed her cap and smoothed her lush black hair.smooth something down/out: · Across the table, Tanya smoothed down her skirt and looked at her watch.· Every morning she smoothes the bedclothes out and dusts the room. to lay something flat on a surface► lay something/somebody flat · Lay the skirt flat on an ironing board and cover it with a damp cloth.· The fish are laid flat on a board and scraped with the back of a knife to remove the scales.· Realizing the man had a back injury, we laid him flat on the ground and waited for the ambulance to arrive. ► lay down to carefully put something or someone into a horizontal position: lay something/somebody down: · We carried the injured child over to the bed and laid her down.lay something/somebody down on/in etc: · She folded her scarf and laid it down on the seat next to her.lay down something/somebody: · "That thing weighs a ton,'' said Ian, laying down the marble slab on the floor. when a road, piece of land etc becomes flat► flatten/flatten out · The road widens and flattens as it nears the sea.· Towards the top of the hill the ground flattens out and the climb should be easier. ► level off/out to become flat and level, especially after sloping: · Where the path levels out you will find an old cottage.· After climbing steeply through woodland the lane levelled off. not flat or smooth► rough not flat - use this about roads, walls, areas, land etc where the surface is not smooth because there are a lot of stones or small raised parts: · A rough gravel trail was the only way into town.· rough mountain paths· the rough stone walls of the old castle ► bumpy a bumpy road, path, or area of land has a lot of holes and raised parts in it: · The field was too bumpy to play football on.· Neal drove the last mile down the bumpy road towards the highway.bumpy ride (=when you are travelling in a vehicle on an uneven surface): · Fasten your seatbelt, this ride may be bumpy. ► uneven an uneven surface has areas that are not flat or not all at the same level: · His teeth were yellow and uneven.· The old uneven brick sidewalk was ripped up and replaced. ► lumpy a bed or chair that is lumpy has lumps under the surface so that it is uncomfortable to sit on or lie on: · Sandra lay on the lumpy mattress, unable to sleep.· I paid $40 a week for a tiny room with a lumpy couch and a battered old desk. not level► sloping something that is sloping is higher at one end than at the other: · an old hotel with lovely sloping lawns· A gently sloping bank led down to the stream. ► slope if the ground or a surface slopes , it is not level but goes gradually upwards or downwards: slope downwards/upwards/away/into etc: · The garden sloped down gradually towards the sea.· Tilt the board so that it is sloping upwards away from you. with lots of hills or mountains► hilly an area of land that is hilly has lots of hills: · the hilly farmlands of New Jersey· The vineyards are hilly and difficult to cultivate. ► rolling: rolling hills/fields/farmland etc with a lot of rounded, not very steep hills and valleys, especially when this looks attractive: · The castle is set in rolling hills to the north of Orvieto.· He stood at the top of the hill, admiring the rolling landscape. ► mountainous an area of land that is mountainous has lots of high mountains: · The mainland of Greece is mountainous and largely infertile.· Fog and rain are common in the mountainous regions near the border. drinks that contain gas or do not contain gas► carbonated also fizzy British carbonated or fizzy drinks have gas in them: · fizzy lemonade· I don't like fizzy drinks much.· I'd like a glass of carbonated mineral water, please. ► sparkling sparkling water or wine has gas in it: · a sweet, sparkling wine· a bottle of sparkling mineral water ► still British /uncarbonated American still or uncarbonated drinks, especially water, do not have gas in them: · Would you like that still or sparkling, madam? ► flat if a drink that should contain gas is flat , there is no gas left in and it is not pleasant to drink: · I don't know why some English people prefer flat beer.go flat: · That champagne must have gone flat by now. what you say when you refuse to do something► no · "Can you come and help move these boxes?" "No, sorry, I'm busy."· "You're sick - you need to stay in bed." "No, I have to be at this meeting." ► no way spoken use this to firmly refuse to do something and say that nothing will change your mind: · "Why don't you phone him and apologize.'' "No way -- I haven't done anything wrong!''· No way am I going to look after all three children on my own!· There's no way I'm going to put up with rudeness like that! ► forget it spoken use this to tell someone that there is no chance at all of you doing something: · "Maybe things will sort themselves out in time." "Forget it, the relationship's over."· As for the idea of going on holiday together, forget it! ► not likely British spoken use this when you think that what someone has asked you to do is stupid or dangerous: · "Are you coming to that lecture this evening?" "Not likely - there's free beer at the Queen's Arms tonight!" ► and that's flat British spoken that's final American spoken used after you have refused to do something, in order to show that you will not change your mind or discuss your decision: · I'm not coming, and that's flat. Now stop bothering me.· There's no way I'm helping Ted move again, and that's final. WORD SETS► BUSINESSabsolute advantage, aggregate demand, AGM, nounagribusiness, nounairline, nounappurtenance, nounassessment, nounbad debt, nounbalance sheet, nounbankroll, verbbankrupt, adjectivebankrupt, verbbankrupt, nounbankruptcy, nounbargain, verbbargain basement, nounbaron, nounbill of sale, nounbiz, nounblack market, nounblack marketeer, nounboom, nounboom and bust, nounboom town, nounbrown goods, nounbubble, nounbudget surplus, business card, nounbusiness cycle, business hours, nounbuyout, nouncapital, nouncapital-intensive, adjectivechamber of commerce, nounclerical, adjectiveconsumer, nounconsumer goods, noundisposable income, noundownturn, noundrive-through, nouneconomically, adverbfinancial, adjectiveflat, adjectivefree enterprise, noungiveaway, adjectiveincrement, nounindustry, nouninflate, verbinflated, adjectiveinflation, nouninflationary, adjectiveinsolvent, adjectiveinstitution, nouninterest, nounintroduction, nounlivery, nounlow season, nounlucrative, adjectiveMBA, nounmemo, nounmentoring, nounnegotiable, adjectivenegotiate, verbnegotiation, nounnon-profit, adjectiveopen, verboperational research, nounowner-occupied, adjectivepack, nounpackage, nounpaperwork, nounpatron, nounpatronage, nounpatronize, verbpay, verbpcm, peppercorn rent, nounpersonal assistant, nounplanned obsolescence, nounpp., quarter, nounquarter day, nounquota, nounquote, verbready-made, adjectivereal estate, nounrebate, nounredeem, verbredevelop, verbrefund, nounrent, nounshutdown, nounsliding scale, nounsubcontract, verbsubcontractor, nountariff, nounundercut, verbundersubscribed, adjective COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► perfectly flat Phrases a perfectly flat sandy beach ► flat as a pancake The countryside near there is flat as a pancake (=very flat). ► flat rate Clients are charged a flat rate of £250 annually. ► flat fee We charge a flat fee for car hire. ► gone flat Have you checked that the batteries haven’t gone flat (=become flat)? COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► flat on ... back Johnny was lying flat on his back in the middle of the floor. ► flat battery British English, dead American English (=with no more electricity in it)· I'd left the headlights on and the battery was completely flat. ► a block of flats British English· Three new blocks of flats were built on the land. ► flat/stony broke (=completely broke) ► a flat cap (also a cloth cap) British English (=made of cloth with a stiff piece that sticks out at the front)· We saw an old man in a jacket and a brown flat cap. ► dead straight/flat· The countryside around here is dead flat all the way to the sea. ► a flat/fixed/set fee (=a fee that is the same in every case)· You pay a flat fee for all the services that are provided. ► flat foot (=having a medical condition in which someone’s feet rest flat on the ground, with no curved part)· We’ve both got slightly flat feet. ► high-heeled/low-heeled/flat-heeled etc her low-heeled blue shoes ► a joke falls flat (=people don’t find a joke funny)· His practical jokes usually fell flat. ► Lay ... flat Lay the material flat on the table. ► house/flat/room mate (=someone you share a house, room etc with) ► penthouse apartment/flat/suite► a flat plain· Here a group of small hills rises unexpectedly out of the flat plain. ► a flat/fixed rate (=one that does not change)· Profits were taxed at a flat rate of 45 percent. ► a flat/outright refusal (=definite and direct)· She had not anticipated a flat refusal. ► a flat roof· She used to sunbathe on the flat roof. ► flat shoes (=with no high heel)· Flat shoes are much more comfortable for walking in. ► flat surface· Put the compass on a flat surface. ► a flat (rate) tax (=a tax that is the same for different people or things)· Corporate taxes are to be abolished and replaced by a flat rate tax. ► a flat screen television· a buyer’s guide to the latest flat screen televisions ► a flat tyre (=one which the air has come out of)· I had a flat tyre and had to walk home. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► perfectly· The lower cut must be perfectly flat and angled to match the oblique cut on the rootstock.· You saw a perfectly flat, formless nothing.· Don't be over-concerned if the ground in front of you doesn't seem perfectly flat.· The surface need not be perfectly flat or smooth.· Make sure the lining is lying perfectly flat and smooth against blind fabric and square to it.· I can flood the paper using this frame and be sure that once dry it will return to a perfectly flat surface. NOUN► battery· Read in studio An inquest has been told that a plane crashed because it had a flat battery.· Most mail bombs contain a flat battery, like the type used in watches.· Mr Andrews, of Pyle, Mid-Glamorgan, said yesterday the flat battery meant his daughter arrived five minutes later at hospital.· When we arrived at Selsit, we would exchange the flat battery for a fully charged one and walk back.· He led me to his house and in a few minutes I had diagnosed the trouble - a flat battery. ► cap· Seven-six, Rutshire were in the lead - the ground erupted, flat caps were being hurled in the air.· Glancing towards the car park, I am transfixed by the sight of a man in a flat cap cleaning our car.· Newley was wearing a flat cap made of tweed.· He was holding a flat cap full of coins.· He was wearing a flat cap, a suit and a choker, and there were dock gates in the background.· An elderly man in flat cap and going-out clothes was leaning against the fence, stick hanging from a crooked elbow. ► fee· One, for the World Resources Institute, compared ten cities that had pay-to-throw schemes with four others that charged flat fees.· Girobank charges a flat fee of £5 per draft and Barclays £9.· You can either pay a flat fee for your access or pay per megabyte of traffic coming down your line.· At present, they pay a flat fee for a license. ► foot· I thought your flat feet were firmly on the ground and your grubby little fingers always ready to grab the golden egg.· Carla Sloane was out on the lane, her huge flat feet surrounded by cases, umbrella and bags.· He strutted about the office on his flat feet and smiled too much.· At school they had once heard of some animal which had become extinct because of its huge flat feet.· Fagg fitted in: his eyesight was very poor and he had flat feet. ► land· It is sited unusually, on flat land rather than atop one of the encircling hills.· The alternative was to ride along the main highways, which tend to hug the flat land along valley bottoms.· This covers a large portion of flat land and could take the largest planes available, even by today's standards.· They looked large against the light pouring down over the flat land.· Just the other side of the Humber estuary another long distance path heads through the flat lands of the Lincolnshire Wolds.· They are situated on a slight south-east incline amidst surrounding flat lands. ► rate· Flat rate farmers will have to issue invoices for all supplies of goods and services where the flat rate addition is added.· The phone company said the flat rate is an addition to its Sprint Sense program, which it began a year ago.· Class 2 contributions are payable at a flat rate while Class 4 contributions are payable as a percentage of profits.· Forbes wanted to simplify filing taxes by narrowing the current five rates to a single flat rate.· More than three out of five taxpayers pay a flat rate of 15 percent already.· Therefore, an 11 percent flat rate theoretically would yield the same amount.· It will cost a flat rate of £39.99 per month, which includes line rental and installation.· Forbes, who is calling for a 17 percent flat rate, would not tax dividends, interest or capital gains. ► roof· Since we now insulate above loft ceilings and within flat roof structures, the air space above the insulation is cold.· Those buildings include triple deckers with flat roofs and large roofs such as those on department stores and supermarkets.· Roofs, particularly flat roofs, can be damaged as a result of weight of snow lying on them.· An adobe box is what it is, with flat roof and copper spouts to drain rainwater at either corner.· There had once been an outside staircase leading up to the flat roof but that, too, had collapsed.· The new, improved materials available have gone a long way towards extending the lifespan of today's flat roof.· This is labour intensive and a suitable flat roof site has to be found.· Which has a flat roof behind a parapet so you can't see it from the street. ► stone· Philip worked a flat stone out of the earth by the roots of the beech tree.· Kali sat down on a flat stone, sighing with relief.· A large circular flat stone on the green is said to be the remains of the market cross.· Spawning is easy, so provide flat stones for spawning sites.· Under rubble in bomb-sites and they didn't get any nice flat stone with writing either.· It had plucked Mariana from the pillion seat, skittering her against the current like a flat stone skipped across a pond.· There were some blankets on a flat stone where the man slept.· You can often find a colony by looking under large flat stones, planks of wood or rubble lying on the soil. ► surface· But then she realized that laid out before her was a flat surface.· When a circularly polarized signal is reflected from a flat surface, the direction of polarization is reversed.· If the strip becomes curled when you cut it, put it on a hard flat surface and hammer it flat.· Soften the lemon by rolling it back and forth along a flat surface.· Place the sensor on a flat surface and rotate it slowly through 360°.· Gently press down to form an even, flat surface.· He was already advancing up the truck as Ward slithered down on to the flat surface of it.· Meanwhile, take cookies and place them in a plastic bag on a flat surface. ► tax· Voters who prefer a flat tax think it will lead to a rising standard of living, according to the poll.· Forbes' campaign maintains that his ideas, including his call for a flat tax, are powering his rise.· The real question for Bob Dole is: Does he support a flat tax that is a tax cut?· The poll showed the publicity about Forbes' candidacy and the flat tax is registering with Californians.· In Colorado, the number of voters backing the flat tax rose to 60 percent.· Former rival Steve Forbes has urged Dole to adopt the flat tax idea that was central to Forbes' presidential campaign.· First of all, the mandate would look like a flat tax on each worker. ► tire· He had no useful information about the shooting that took place nearby as Cosby changed a flat tire, police said.· If you have a flat tire, stuff like that happens.· The doctoral student was apparently attempting to change a flat tire when his assailant struck.· She explains to Jose that they have a flat tire and muse go back down the road to the big house.· Suppose he had a flat tire?· Tight shoes A motorcycle with two flat tires.· In the above case, it would be contextually inappropriate to be only reporting a flat tire at a gas station. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► E flat/B flat/A flat etc► a flat refusal/denial etc Word family
WORD FAMILYnounflatflatnessadverbflatflatlyadjectiveflatverbflatten 1surface smooth and level, without raised or hollow areas, and not sloping or curving: houses with flat roofs a perfectly flat sandy beach The countryside near there is flat as a pancake (=very flat). Work on a clean, flat surface.2money a flat rate, amount of money etc is fixed and does not change or have anything added to it: Clients are charged a flat rate of £250 annually. We charge a flat fee for car hire.3tyre/ball a flat tyre or ball has no air or not enough air in it4not deep not very deep, thick, or high, especially in comparison to its width or length: The cake came out of the oven flat, not fluffy.5drink a drink that is flat does not taste fresh because it has no more bubbles of gas in it OPP fizzy6not interesting [not before noun] a performance, book etc that is flat lacks interest, excitement, or energy: Arsenal looked flat for large parts of the game.7battery British English a flat battery has lost its electrical power SYN dead American English: Have you checked that the batteries haven’t gone flat (=become flat)?8business/trade if prices, economic conditions, trade etc are flat, they have not increased or improved over a period of time: Analysts are expecting flat sales in the coming months.9E flat/B flat/A flat etc a musical note that is one semitone lower than the note E, B, A etc → sharp, natural10musical sound if a musical note is flat, it is played or sung slightly lower than it should be OPP sharp11voice not showing much emotion, or not changing much in sound as you speak: ‘He’s dead,’ she said in a flat voice.12a flat refusal/denial etc a refusal etc that is definite and which someone will not change: Our requests were met with a flat refusal.13be flat on your back a)to be lying down so that all of your back is touching the floor b)to be very ill so that you have to stay in bed for a period of time: I’ve been flat on my back with the flu all week.14shoes flat shoes have very low heels15light having little variety of light and dark: Flat lighting is typical of Avedon’s portraits.16and that’s flat! British English spoken old-fashioned used to say that you will definitely not change what you have just said SYN and that’s that: I won’t go, and that’s flat!—flatness noun [uncountable] → in/into a flat spin at spin2(6), → flat feetTHESAURUSflat on one level, without any holes or raised areas, and not sloping or curving: · a flat roof· a flat screen· Before you lay the tiles, make sure that the ground is completely flat.level not sloping in any direction, so that every part is at the same height: · Is the top of this picture level?· After four hours coming down the mountain, I was glad to be back on level ground.smooth without any holes or raised areas – used especially when saying how something feels when you touch it: · her lovely smooth skin· I ran my hand across the animal’s smooth fur.even without any holes or raised areas: · Apply the paint to an even surface.· Be careful – the path is not very even here.horizontal going straight across and not sloping: · a horizontal line· Raise both arms to a horizontal position. |
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