英语词汇“psychological”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES

psychological problems
Doctors dismissed her complaints of pain as psychological.
She works with children who have psychological problems.
Sometimes psychological abuse is worse than physical abuse.
The cause of a physical illness can often be psychological.

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

But his results in the past two years suggest he has at least partly overcome that psychological handicap.
Feminist psychologists' current shift towards more psychological work may increase these limitations.
Here Moscovici is offering a universal postulate about social psychological processes.
I also used these realistic sounds in a psychological way.
In this way, he gained a lot of insight into the psychological make-up of different sheep in his flock.
Moreover, the illness leads to profound regression, and the patient needs help to resume normal psychological growth.
The difficult part is dealing with the personality of the patient, the so-called psychological or human factor.
The social psychological survey also left a legacy in the attitudinal questions which are very often contained in questionnaires.

Longman Language Activatoraffecting your mind► mental

affecting your mind or happening in your mind: · After months of overworking, Briggs was suffering from mental and physical exhaustion.· It takes a lot of mental effort to understand these ideas.mental picture/image (=a picture that you have in your mind): · I'd never met Jane's boyfriend, but I had a clear mental picture of what he looked like.mental illness/problem/breakdown (=an illness, problem etc of your mind, not your body): · Rick had a complete mental breakdown after his family died in a car crash.

► psychological

affecting the mind - use this especially about mental problems that influence the way someone behaves: · The cause of a physical illness can often be psychological.a psychological problem: · She works with children who have psychological problems.

► subconscious

also unconscious subconscious feelings, desires, worries etc are hidden in your mind and you do not realize that you have them: · People who come to me for counselling are very often suffering from unconscious feelings of guilt. · a subconscious fear of failure

► subliminal

subliminal messages and images are hidden in advertisements, pictures etc and can influence your mind without you realizing it: · Any kind of subliminal advertising is illegal on British TV.· Young people are receiving constant subliminal messages glorifying pop stars, their cars, their girlfriends.

WORD SETS► Psychology/Psychiatry

agoraphobia, nounagoraphobic, noun-aholic, suffixanalyse, verbanalysis, nounanalyst, nounanorexia, nounantidepressant, nounautism, nounbattle fatigue, nounbehaviourism, nounbreakdown, nounbulimia, nouncatharsis, nouncertify, verbclaustrophobia, nouncognition, nouncognitive, adjectivecomplex, nouncompulsive, adjectivecounsel, verbcounselling, nouncrazed, adjectivecrazy, adjectivedefence mechanism, noundelusion, noundemented, adjectivedementia, noundenial, noundepressed, adjectivedepression, noundepressive, adjectivedepressive, nounderanged, adjectivediminished responsibility, noundipsomaniac, noundisordered, adjectivedisturbance, noundysfunctional, adjectiveeating disorder, nouneccentricity, nounego, nounelectric shock therapy, nounemotional, adjectiveexhibitionism, nounextra-sensory perception, nounfixation, nounFreudian, adjectiveFreudian slip, noungroup therapy, nounhallucinate, verbhydrophobia, nounhypnosis, nounhypnotic, adjectivehypnotise, verbhypnotist, nounhypnotize, verbid, nouninferiority complex, nouninsane, adjectiveinsanity, nounkleptomania, nounkleptomaniac, nounlibido, nounlinear, adjectivemaladjusted, adjectivemania, nounmanic, adjectivemanic depression, nounmanic depressive, nounmental, adjectivemental age, nounmental hospital, nounmentally handicapped, adjectivemidlife crisis, nounmisogynist, nounmixed up, adjectivenerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous breakdown, nounnervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounneurosis, nounneurotic, adjectiveobsessive, nounoedipal, adjectiveOedipus complex, nounpadded cell, nounparanoia, nounparanoid, adjectivepathological, adjectivepathology, nounpatterning, nounphallic, adjectivephobia, noun-phobia, suffixphrenology, nounpost-traumatic stress disorder, nounprecognition, nounpsyche, nounpsychiatric, adjectivepsychiatrist, nounpsychiatry, nounpsychic, adjectivepsycho, nounpsycho-, prefixpsychoanalysis, nounpsychoanalyst, nounpsychoanalyze, verbpsychobabble, nounpsychodrama, nounpsychokinesis, nounpsychological, adjectivepsychologist, nounpsychology, nounpsychopath, nounpsychosis, nounpsychosomatic, adjectivepsychotherapy, nounpsychotic, adjectivepyromaniac, nounrepression, nounresidential treatment facility, nounRorschach test, nounsadism, nounsadist, nounsafety valve, nounsanity, nounscar, nounscar, verbschizoid, adjectiveschizophrenia, nounschizophrenic, adjectiveschizophrenic, nounscrewed up, adjectivesocialize, verbsociopath, nounsplit personality, nounsubconscious, adjectivesubconscious, nounsuggestion, nounsuperego, nountherapy, nountorment, nountrance, nountrauma, nounvoyeur, nounwell-adjusted, adjective

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► psychological problem

Sleep disorders are a serious psychological problem.

► psychological state

What was the patient’s psychological state?

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a psychological advantage

· Winning the first game gives you a psychological advantage over your opponent.

► a mental/psychiatric/psychological disorder

(=affecting the mind)· He was diagnosed with a severe psychiatric disorder.

► psychological/emotional harm

· Depriving a child of love does irreparable emotional harm.

► an emotional/psychological impact

· Their mother’s death had a huge emotional impact on the children.

► psychological problems

(also mental health problems)· She is being treated for psychological problems at a mental hospital in Oxford.

► psychological/mental/emotional scars

· The mental scars left by the accident are still with him.

► physical/psychological/material etc well-being

the physical and emotional well-being of the children

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► purely

· Feminists also tend to diminish the significance of the unconscious, a move which encourages a purely psychological view of the subject.· As for the effects of Polly Peck's troubles on Vestel, Karan claimed they were purely psychological.· This, like most of the purely psychological theories - including psychoanalytic ones - are strictly methodological-individualistic.· Sometimes they assume that such relations can be altered by intervening at this purely psychological level.

NOUN► advantage

· The psychological advantages or disadvantages on woman and fetus must be addressed and researched so that informed decisions can still be made.· At this point the police had the tactical and psychological advantage.· It was clearly intended to gain a crushing psychological advantage, before a blow had been struck.· This seemed to gain him a psychological advantage, since White's opening initiative had evidently petered out by this point.· Some patients seemed to gain psychological advantages from being ill with their neuroses, and were peculiarly difficult to cure.· It would have given him a psychological advantage over lunch, but he missed it on the high side.· That gave them a psychological advantage.

► aspect

· To develop an understanding of the psychological aspects of nursing care. 4.· In regard to the use of field interviewers, the social and psychological aspects of studies are all too often ignored.· At both stages, coping can have behavioural and psychological aspects.· In the long run it will probably be the psychological aspect of dejobbing that people find most difficult.· In terms of the psychological aspect of it, the soldier on the other side is a soldier of the Bundeswehr.

► barrier

· It is less satisfactory if there is a danger of creating a psychological barrier to doing something positive about getting another job.

► damage

· The scourge had abated, but psychological damage had been done, which was not so readily repaired.· You should also be aware of the psychological damage you are capable of doing to yourself.· On this occasion City accepted with relish the chances which came their way and inflicted serious psychological damage on their dejected opponents.· Men can be passive without grave psychological damage only if the women are passive also.

► disorder

· Traumatic experiences in the womb lie at the root of all sorts of psychological disorders.· With Western women, it was a psychological disorder, a pathetic response to the charge of never being good enough.· In some patients, psychological disorders may be even more important.

► distress

· The analysis will also take into account the psychological distress resulting from unemployment, which is known to vary considerably by country.· Flights in close quarters can also lead to back pain, swollen ankles, leg cramps and psychological distress.· Adding to physiological disturbances is the psychological distress that is invariably involved.· Of course a horse's physical needs have to be satisfied to avoid psychological distress too.

► effect

· The Daemon-room is not affected by any psychological effects or illusions.· The psychological effects of being told what to eat can also be demeaning.· But they are concerned about the psychological effect the experience may have on the girls.· But the good psychological effect of the joint electorate would be erased by the separate one.· This psychological effect can be quite powerful.· But we get no dietitians who might wonder about the physical and psychological effects of abstaining from real food.· The long-term psychological effects of this kind of violence can be devastating.· Nor do they typically describe the psychological effects of dieting in their scientific papers.

► explanation

· They check feminism's tendency to draw uncritically on psychological explanations.· Dark psychological explanations can also be found for our plight.· So there is the psychological explanation.· I personally favoured a psychological explanation.

► factor

· The research aims to investigate some of the social psychological factors that have helped to maintain the present conflict.· Cisneros said psychological factors also prevent some women from owning homes.· Like most measures of morbidity sickness absence is influenced by social and psychological factors as well as illness.· Here again psychological factors are offered as an explanation.· Yet these athletes seem to feel there was an additional, psychological factor involved, one connected with the act of willing.· There are psychological factors to be taken into account, too.· First of all, how do we find out-or decide-which amounts of which psychological factors are normal?

► harm

· The researcher is asked to attempt to guarantee that the subject will be protected from physical or psychological harm.

► impact

· The idea of hell fire is, quite simply, self perpetuating, because of its own deep psychological impact.· It is difficult for the financially comfortable to appreciate the psychological impact of money on the poor.· The political and psychological impact of what has happened will be felt over the next few years.· But it also had an unexpected psychological impact on the gay world itself.· Partly this may be due to that hidden psychological impact we have touched on before.· Learn about the psychological impacts of life in this new work world, and put together a plan for handling them successfully.· But this scene of Peter Grimes seems to me uniquely precise in its blend of realistic, formal and psychological impact.· Now that this was no longer true, the psychological impact was profound.

► insight

· The Barthelmes recount in vivid detail and with good psychological insight the trauma of coping with that dual loss.· He was sure there were newer techniques, all much smarter and written up in books with deep psychological insights.· And there's enough psychological insight to give the characters three dimensions.· As evidenced by the above, she has no psychological insight.

► method

· Communications also had a vocational emphasis, and was essentially inter-disciplinary, covering sociological and psychological methods of inquiry.· Egalitarian feminist psychologists often revise psychological methods, but they reject the possibility that feminist psychology needs a specifically woman-centred method.· But method is not the whole of psychology, and no psychological method is intrinsically feminist or anti-feminist.· Individual-oriented psychological methods, like experiments and questionnaires, often seem to discriminate against women.· This chapter looks at some of the ways in which traditional psychological methods express conventional discourses of gender.· Woman-centred psychologists also criticize the gender bias of traditional psychological method.

► need

· Again, the placebo could be powerful because it meets some psychological need for attention and treatment.· All he can consistently say is that the theory will perpetuate itself if it appeals to some deep psychological need.· Other conditioned psychological needs can be an extension of a horse's basic requirements, and may be quite destructive to it.· These are ideas that replicate because of psychological needs, not because of rational discussions.· Horses can produce all sorts of conditioned psychological needs, according to how they have been handled by their owners.· Do ideas replicate because of psychological needs?· It has a psychological need for space.· It should not be thought of as merely useful, however, as though it only pandered to psychological needs or desires.

► problem

· A rebuilt Holloway prison was to cater for the physical and psychological problems of women offenders.· She said there are no more psychological problems among Ipalook students than among those at any other school with a similar profile.· More difficult would be patients with a deep seated psychological problem which would require more than three months' treatment.· At points this chapter steps outside the traditional boundaries of economics, and discusses some psychological problems in making monetary policy.· Some take on different roles at different times, apparently without suffering any psychological problems.· The misinterpretation of behavior as pathology also results quite often from the labeling of social problems as individual psychological problems.· Social isolation, in turn, is known to be associated with various measures of social and psychological problems in later life.· We further found that certain physical and physiologic profiles put children at risk for specific types of learning and psychological problems.

► process

· Here Moscovici is offering a universal postulate about social psychological processes.· Significantly, it has been held back also by the absence of concepts suited to expressing the psychological processes involved in perception.· Is a function a psychological process or is it a neural process?· There is a general consensus that psychological processes are a function of the whole brain, not of its constituent parts.· Errors have generally been attributed to cognitive causes, evidence of the learner's psychological process of rule formation.· We are reasonably certain there are psychological processes unique to our own species.· Using animals in experiments requires us to make inferences about psychological processes from behaviour.· Many of the theories that are published are not really theories of psychological processes at all, but are theories of experimental phenomena.

► reality

· It is also motivated by psycholinguistic evidence, although we make no claims of psychological reality for the model.· They seem to have a certain psychological reality for native speakers as units of knowledge in spite of their abnormality as units of behaviour.· They simply point to the fact that language is being produced and do not involve any questions of psychological reality.· Do reductions of poems have anything like the same psychological reality?

► research

· But psychological research seems to indicate that they do not necessarily cancel each other out.· A major activity of psychological research is to try to clarify the nature of constructs and verify their existence.· Feminists often turn to psychological research on gender to answer their questions, but they find its male orientation disappointing.· Interestingly, much of the psychological research is now being used to argue for an organic cause.· But women are still under- or unrepresented among subjects in many areas of psychological research.· These effects, which have been well documented in recent psychological research, are called epigenetic rules.

► state

· That's why I think he's in a much better psychological state.· Confidence is in one sense a delicate psychological state.· P, A and C are actual psychological states due to the three functions of the brain in recording, recalling and reliving.· Consenting in one's heart is not a performative consent but a psychological state akin to coming to terms with.· It provides a single quality of life score based on indexes of perceived physical wellbeing, psychological state, and sociability.· What matters, they claim, is the psychological state of the worker and the skills he or she possesses.· They're all in the mind; experiences like abductions are psychological states that we don't understand.

► stress

· Theoretical Basis of Relaxation Training Relaxation induces physiological effects opposite in nature to those induced by psychological stress.· By implication, Walshe was clearly stating that a genetic readiness plus a long-term psychological stress results in cancer.· Working towards incompatible goals can cause a great deal of psychological stress.· Naturally, most people thrown out of work do not like it and suffer psychological stress.· There are also new pressures on individuals, including both personal and psychological stresses.· The psychological stress aggravates the physical stress upon the horse.· A high level of concern about children was the main factor in psychological stress among men as well as women.

► study

· Though this derives from psychological studies of covert actions types, it would be waste to leave it at that.· But psychological studies showed that they had learning problems.

► support

· The most effective way of organising specialist care is through sickle cell centres, which can offer both clinical and psychological support.· The strain on the health system can be lessened by family, social, and psychological support mechanisms in the community.· In our study special attention was paid to the selection, training, and psychological support of the interviewers.· Nursing care requires the early detection and management of toxicities; offering patients psychological support is also essential.· Simple psychological support is required by many and can be easily provided in this framework.

► test

· The question is, can the use of psychological tests during the selection process help to predict this future performance?· All civilians possessing army-distributed guns must return them and undergo physical and psychological tests to determine their fitness to bear arms.· The findings led to a widespread belief that psychological tests were situation specific and therefore limited in their usefulness for personnel selection.· Often sessions would include psychological tests designed to gauge workers' personality traits: extroverted, introverted, thoughtful, or driving.· The techniques include in-depth, and less-structured, interviews, discussion groups, role playing and psychological tests.· So far, this discussion has examined the usefulness of psychological tests in selection procedures in terms of their predictive validity.· Currently, time-consuming psychological tests are carried out only when a patient is in an advanced state of dementia.· Recent attempts by psychologists to arrive at psychological tests which identify desirable characteristics in candidates has had only limited success.

► theory

· And feminist psychologists are still predominantly concerned with making egalitarian corrections to traditional psychological theories, rather than working with their uncertainties.· In most cases, general psychological theories have been loosely related to politically relevant behavior.· The psychological theories of political leaders and the state reviewed here have strong echoes in New Right thinking.· The biological aspect of woman-centred psychological theories provides them with some theoretical distinctiveness.· The rhetorical perspective has explicitly criticized the one-sidedness of much cognitive social psychological theory and its emphasis upon schematic categorization.· Feminist psychological theories tend to gloss over class relations, too.· The biological and psychological theories stressed this distinctiveness.· This is not a problem for most contemporary utilitarians since they usually hold no such psychological theory.

► warfare

· Like the military machinery, the psychological warfare gets ever more sophisticated.· A portable sound system blared military marches, part of a continuing campaign of psychological warfare.· As a last resort he decided to take a leaf out of the Oriental's book, by using psychological warfare against him.· But no one was better equipped for the psychological warfare that lay ahead.· Fred made up for his lack of inches by waging psychological warfare in the form of a relentless monologue.· Secrecy was out of the question; it would riot have been psychological warfare.· During the war he worked in psychological warfare, and doubtless learnt many of his more infuriating tricks of debating and persuasion.

PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► psychological warfare

A portable sound system blared military marches, part of a continuing campaign of psychological warfare.
As a last resort he decided to take a leaf out of the Oriental's book, by using psychological warfare against him.
But no one was better equipped for the psychological warfare that lay ahead.
During the war he worked in psychological warfare, and doubtless learnt many of his more infuriating tricks of debating and persuasion.
Fred made up for his lack of inches by waging psychological warfare in the form of a relentless monologue.
Like the military machinery, the psychological warfare gets ever more sophisticated.
Secrecy was out of the question; it would riot have been psychological warfare.

► the psychological moment

WORD FAMILYnounpsychologypsychologistadjectivepsychologicaladverbpsychologically

单词	psychological
释义	psychologicalpsy‧cho‧log‧i‧cal /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl◂ $ -ˈlɑː-/ ●●○ W3 AWL adjective Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES psychological problems Doctors dismissed her complaints of pain as psychological. She works with children who have psychological problems. Sometimes psychological abuse is worse than physical abuse. The cause of a physical illness can often be psychological. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS But his results in the past two years suggest he has at least partly overcome that psychological handicap. Feminist psychologists' current shift towards more psychological work may increase these limitations. Here Moscovici is offering a universal postulate about social psychological processes. I also used these realistic sounds in a psychological way. In this way, he gained a lot of insight into the psychological make-up of different sheep in his flock. Moreover, the illness leads to profound regression, and the patient needs help to resume normal psychological growth. The difficult part is dealing with the personality of the patient, the so-called psychological or human factor. The social psychological survey also left a legacy in the attitudinal questions which are very often contained in questionnaires. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatoraffecting your mind► mental affecting your mind or happening in your mind: · After months of overworking, Briggs was suffering from mental and physical exhaustion.· It takes a lot of mental effort to understand these ideas.mental picture/image (=a picture that you have in your mind): · I'd never met Jane's boyfriend, but I had a clear mental picture of what he looked like.mental illness/problem/breakdown (=an illness, problem etc of your mind, not your body): · Rick had a complete mental breakdown after his family died in a car crash. ► psychological affecting the mind - use this especially about mental problems that influence the way someone behaves: · The cause of a physical illness can often be psychological.a psychological problem: · She works with children who have psychological problems. ► subconscious also unconscious subconscious feelings, desires, worries etc are hidden in your mind and you do not realize that you have them: · People who come to me for counselling are very often suffering from unconscious feelings of guilt. · a subconscious fear of failure ► subliminal subliminal messages and images are hidden in advertisements, pictures etc and can influence your mind without you realizing it: · Any kind of subliminal advertising is illegal on British TV.· Young people are receiving constant subliminal messages glorifying pop stars, their cars, their girlfriends. WORD SETS► Psychology/Psychiatry agoraphobia, nounagoraphobic, noun-aholic, suffixanalyse, verbanalysis, nounanalyst, nounanorexia, nounantidepressant, nounautism, nounbattle fatigue, nounbehaviourism, nounbreakdown, nounbulimia, nouncatharsis, nouncertify, verbclaustrophobia, nouncognition, nouncognitive, adjectivecomplex, nouncompulsive, adjectivecounsel, verbcounselling, nouncrazed, adjectivecrazy, adjectivedefence mechanism, noundelusion, noundemented, adjectivedementia, noundenial, noundepressed, adjectivedepression, noundepressive, adjectivedepressive, nounderanged, adjectivediminished responsibility, noundipsomaniac, noundisordered, adjectivedisturbance, noundysfunctional, adjectiveeating disorder, nouneccentricity, nounego, nounelectric shock therapy, nounemotional, adjectiveexhibitionism, nounextra-sensory perception, nounfixation, nounFreudian, adjectiveFreudian slip, noungroup therapy, nounhallucinate, verbhydrophobia, nounhypnosis, nounhypnotic, adjectivehypnotise, verbhypnotist, nounhypnotize, verbid, nouninferiority complex, nouninsane, adjectiveinsanity, nounkleptomania, nounkleptomaniac, nounlibido, nounlinear, adjectivemaladjusted, adjectivemania, nounmanic, adjectivemanic depression, nounmanic depressive, nounmental, adjectivemental age, nounmental hospital, nounmentally handicapped, adjectivemidlife crisis, nounmisogynist, nounmixed up, adjectivenerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous breakdown, nounnervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounneurosis, nounneurotic, adjectiveobsessive, nounoedipal, adjectiveOedipus complex, nounpadded cell, nounparanoia, nounparanoid, adjectivepathological, adjectivepathology, nounpatterning, nounphallic, adjectivephobia, noun-phobia, suffixphrenology, nounpost-traumatic stress disorder, nounprecognition, nounpsyche, nounpsychiatric, adjectivepsychiatrist, nounpsychiatry, nounpsychic, adjectivepsycho, nounpsycho-, prefixpsychoanalysis, nounpsychoanalyst, nounpsychoanalyze, verbpsychobabble, nounpsychodrama, nounpsychokinesis, nounpsychological, adjectivepsychologist, nounpsychology, nounpsychopath, nounpsychosis, nounpsychosomatic, adjectivepsychotherapy, nounpsychotic, adjectivepyromaniac, nounrepression, nounresidential treatment facility, nounRorschach test, nounsadism, nounsadist, nounsafety valve, nounsanity, nounscar, nounscar, verbschizoid, adjectiveschizophrenia, nounschizophrenic, adjectiveschizophrenic, nounscrewed up, adjectivesocialize, verbsociopath, nounsplit personality, nounsubconscious, adjectivesubconscious, nounsuggestion, nounsuperego, nountherapy, nountorment, nountrance, nountrauma, nounvoyeur, nounwell-adjusted, adjective Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► psychological problem Sleep disorders are a serious psychological problem. ► psychological state What was the patient’s psychological state? COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a psychological advantage · Winning the first game gives you a psychological advantage over your opponent. ► a mental/psychiatric/psychological disorder (=affecting the mind)· He was diagnosed with a severe psychiatric disorder. ► psychological/emotional harm · Depriving a child of love does irreparable emotional harm. ► an emotional/psychological impact · Their mother’s death had a huge emotional impact on the children. ► psychological problems (also mental health problems)· She is being treated for psychological problems at a mental hospital in Oxford. ► psychological/mental/emotional scars · The mental scars left by the accident are still with him. ► physical/psychological/material etc well-being the physical and emotional well-being of the children COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► purely · Feminists also tend to diminish the significance of the unconscious, a move which encourages a purely psychological view of the subject.· As for the effects of Polly Peck's troubles on Vestel, Karan claimed they were purely psychological.· This, like most of the purely psychological theories - including psychoanalytic ones - are strictly methodological-individualistic.· Sometimes they assume that such relations can be altered by intervening at this purely psychological level. NOUN► advantage · The psychological advantages or disadvantages on woman and fetus must be addressed and researched so that informed decisions can still be made.· At this point the police had the tactical and psychological advantage.· It was clearly intended to gain a crushing psychological advantage, before a blow had been struck.· This seemed to gain him a psychological advantage, since White's opening initiative had evidently petered out by this point.· Some patients seemed to gain psychological advantages from being ill with their neuroses, and were peculiarly difficult to cure.· It would have given him a psychological advantage over lunch, but he missed it on the high side.· That gave them a psychological advantage. ► aspect · To develop an understanding of the psychological aspects of nursing care. 4.· In regard to the use of field interviewers, the social and psychological aspects of studies are all too often ignored.· At both stages, coping can have behavioural and psychological aspects.· In the long run it will probably be the psychological aspect of dejobbing that people find most difficult.· In terms of the psychological aspect of it, the soldier on the other side is a soldier of the Bundeswehr. ► barrier · It is less satisfactory if there is a danger of creating a psychological barrier to doing something positive about getting another job. ► damage · The scourge had abated, but psychological damage had been done, which was not so readily repaired.· You should also be aware of the psychological damage you are capable of doing to yourself.· On this occasion City accepted with relish the chances which came their way and inflicted serious psychological damage on their dejected opponents.· Men can be passive without grave psychological damage only if the women are passive also. ► disorder · Traumatic experiences in the womb lie at the root of all sorts of psychological disorders.· With Western women, it was a psychological disorder, a pathetic response to the charge of never being good enough.· In some patients, psychological disorders may be even more important. ► distress · The analysis will also take into account the psychological distress resulting from unemployment, which is known to vary considerably by country.· Flights in close quarters can also lead to back pain, swollen ankles, leg cramps and psychological distress.· Adding to physiological disturbances is the psychological distress that is invariably involved.· Of course a horse's physical needs have to be satisfied to avoid psychological distress too. ► effect · The Daemon-room is not affected by any psychological effects or illusions.· The psychological effects of being told what to eat can also be demeaning.· But they are concerned about the psychological effect the experience may have on the girls.· But the good psychological effect of the joint electorate would be erased by the separate one.· This psychological effect can be quite powerful.· But we get no dietitians who might wonder about the physical and psychological effects of abstaining from real food.· The long-term psychological effects of this kind of violence can be devastating.· Nor do they typically describe the psychological effects of dieting in their scientific papers. ► explanation · They check feminism's tendency to draw uncritically on psychological explanations.· Dark psychological explanations can also be found for our plight.· So there is the psychological explanation.· I personally favoured a psychological explanation. ► factor · The research aims to investigate some of the social psychological factors that have helped to maintain the present conflict.· Cisneros said psychological factors also prevent some women from owning homes.· Like most measures of morbidity sickness absence is influenced by social and psychological factors as well as illness.· Here again psychological factors are offered as an explanation.· Yet these athletes seem to feel there was an additional, psychological factor involved, one connected with the act of willing.· There are psychological factors to be taken into account, too.· First of all, how do we find out-or decide-which amounts of which psychological factors are normal? ► harm · The researcher is asked to attempt to guarantee that the subject will be protected from physical or psychological harm. ► impact · The idea of hell fire is, quite simply, self perpetuating, because of its own deep psychological impact.· It is difficult for the financially comfortable to appreciate the psychological impact of money on the poor.· The political and psychological impact of what has happened will be felt over the next few years.· But it also had an unexpected psychological impact on the gay world itself.· Partly this may be due to that hidden psychological impact we have touched on before.· Learn about the psychological impacts of life in this new work world, and put together a plan for handling them successfully.· But this scene of Peter Grimes seems to me uniquely precise in its blend of realistic, formal and psychological impact.· Now that this was no longer true, the psychological impact was profound. ► insight · The Barthelmes recount in vivid detail and with good psychological insight the trauma of coping with that dual loss.· He was sure there were newer techniques, all much smarter and written up in books with deep psychological insights.· And there's enough psychological insight to give the characters three dimensions.· As evidenced by the above, she has no psychological insight. ► method · Communications also had a vocational emphasis, and was essentially inter-disciplinary, covering sociological and psychological methods of inquiry.· Egalitarian feminist psychologists often revise psychological methods, but they reject the possibility that feminist psychology needs a specifically woman-centred method.· But method is not the whole of psychology, and no psychological method is intrinsically feminist or anti-feminist.· Individual-oriented psychological methods, like experiments and questionnaires, often seem to discriminate against women.· This chapter looks at some of the ways in which traditional psychological methods express conventional discourses of gender.· Woman-centred psychologists also criticize the gender bias of traditional psychological method. ► need · Again, the placebo could be powerful because it meets some psychological need for attention and treatment.· All he can consistently say is that the theory will perpetuate itself if it appeals to some deep psychological need.· Other conditioned psychological needs can be an extension of a horse's basic requirements, and may be quite destructive to it.· These are ideas that replicate because of psychological needs, not because of rational discussions.· Horses can produce all sorts of conditioned psychological needs, according to how they have been handled by their owners.· Do ideas replicate because of psychological needs?· It has a psychological need for space.· It should not be thought of as merely useful, however, as though it only pandered to psychological needs or desires. ► problem · A rebuilt Holloway prison was to cater for the physical and psychological problems of women offenders.· She said there are no more psychological problems among Ipalook students than among those at any other school with a similar profile.· More difficult would be patients with a deep seated psychological problem which would require more than three months' treatment.· At points this chapter steps outside the traditional boundaries of economics, and discusses some psychological problems in making monetary policy.· Some take on different roles at different times, apparently without suffering any psychological problems.· The misinterpretation of behavior as pathology also results quite often from the labeling of social problems as individual psychological problems.· Social isolation, in turn, is known to be associated with various measures of social and psychological problems in later life.· We further found that certain physical and physiologic profiles put children at risk for specific types of learning and psychological problems. ► process · Here Moscovici is offering a universal postulate about social psychological processes.· Significantly, it has been held back also by the absence of concepts suited to expressing the psychological processes involved in perception.· Is a function a psychological process or is it a neural process?· There is a general consensus that psychological processes are a function of the whole brain, not of its constituent parts.· Errors have generally been attributed to cognitive causes, evidence of the learner's psychological process of rule formation.· We are reasonably certain there are psychological processes unique to our own species.· Using animals in experiments requires us to make inferences about psychological processes from behaviour.· Many of the theories that are published are not really theories of psychological processes at all, but are theories of experimental phenomena. ► reality · It is also motivated by psycholinguistic evidence, although we make no claims of psychological reality for the model.· They seem to have a certain psychological reality for native speakers as units of knowledge in spite of their abnormality as units of behaviour.· They simply point to the fact that language is being produced and do not involve any questions of psychological reality.· Do reductions of poems have anything like the same psychological reality? ► research · But psychological research seems to indicate that they do not necessarily cancel each other out.· A major activity of psychological research is to try to clarify the nature of constructs and verify their existence.· Feminists often turn to psychological research on gender to answer their questions, but they find its male orientation disappointing.· Interestingly, much of the psychological research is now being used to argue for an organic cause.· But women are still under- or unrepresented among subjects in many areas of psychological research.· These effects, which have been well documented in recent psychological research, are called epigenetic rules. ► state · That's why I think he's in a much better psychological state.· Confidence is in one sense a delicate psychological state.· P, A and C are actual psychological states due to the three functions of the brain in recording, recalling and reliving.· Consenting in one's heart is not a performative consent but a psychological state akin to coming to terms with.· It provides a single quality of life score based on indexes of perceived physical wellbeing, psychological state, and sociability.· What matters, they claim, is the psychological state of the worker and the skills he or she possesses.· They're all in the mind; experiences like abductions are psychological states that we don't understand. ► stress · Theoretical Basis of Relaxation Training Relaxation induces physiological effects opposite in nature to those induced by psychological stress.· By implication, Walshe was clearly stating that a genetic readiness plus a long-term psychological stress results in cancer.· Working towards incompatible goals can cause a great deal of psychological stress.· Naturally, most people thrown out of work do not like it and suffer psychological stress.· There are also new pressures on individuals, including both personal and psychological stresses.· The psychological stress aggravates the physical stress upon the horse.· A high level of concern about children was the main factor in psychological stress among men as well as women. ► study · Though this derives from psychological studies of covert actions types, it would be waste to leave it at that.· But psychological studies showed that they had learning problems. ► support · The most effective way of organising specialist care is through sickle cell centres, which can offer both clinical and psychological support.· The strain on the health system can be lessened by family, social, and psychological support mechanisms in the community.· In our study special attention was paid to the selection, training, and psychological support of the interviewers.· Nursing care requires the early detection and management of toxicities; offering patients psychological support is also essential.· Simple psychological support is required by many and can be easily provided in this framework. ► test · The question is, can the use of psychological tests during the selection process help to predict this future performance?· All civilians possessing army-distributed guns must return them and undergo physical and psychological tests to determine their fitness to bear arms.· The findings led to a widespread belief that psychological tests were situation specific and therefore limited in their usefulness for personnel selection.· Often sessions would include psychological tests designed to gauge workers' personality traits: extroverted, introverted, thoughtful, or driving.· The techniques include in-depth, and less-structured, interviews, discussion groups, role playing and psychological tests.· So far, this discussion has examined the usefulness of psychological tests in selection procedures in terms of their predictive validity.· Currently, time-consuming psychological tests are carried out only when a patient is in an advanced state of dementia.· Recent attempts by psychologists to arrive at psychological tests which identify desirable characteristics in candidates has had only limited success. ► theory · And feminist psychologists are still predominantly concerned with making egalitarian corrections to traditional psychological theories, rather than working with their uncertainties.· In most cases, general psychological theories have been loosely related to politically relevant behavior.· The psychological theories of political leaders and the state reviewed here have strong echoes in New Right thinking.· The biological aspect of woman-centred psychological theories provides them with some theoretical distinctiveness.· The rhetorical perspective has explicitly criticized the one-sidedness of much cognitive social psychological theory and its emphasis upon schematic categorization.· Feminist psychological theories tend to gloss over class relations, too.· The biological and psychological theories stressed this distinctiveness.· This is not a problem for most contemporary utilitarians since they usually hold no such psychological theory. ► warfare · Like the military machinery, the psychological warfare gets ever more sophisticated.· A portable sound system blared military marches, part of a continuing campaign of psychological warfare.· As a last resort he decided to take a leaf out of the Oriental's book, by using psychological warfare against him.· But no one was better equipped for the psychological warfare that lay ahead.· Fred made up for his lack of inches by waging psychological warfare in the form of a relentless monologue.· Secrecy was out of the question; it would riot have been psychological warfare.· During the war he worked in psychological warfare, and doubtless learnt many of his more infuriating tricks of debating and persuasion. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► psychological warfare A portable sound system blared military marches, part of a continuing campaign of psychological warfare. As a last resort he decided to take a leaf out of the Oriental's book, by using psychological warfare against him. But no one was better equipped for the psychological warfare that lay ahead. During the war he worked in psychological warfare, and doubtless learnt many of his more infuriating tricks of debating and persuasion. Fred made up for his lack of inches by waging psychological warfare in the form of a relentless monologue. Like the military machinery, the psychological warfare gets ever more sophisticated. Secrecy was out of the question; it would riot have been psychological warfare. ► the psychological moment Word family WORD FAMILYnounpsychologypsychologistadjectivepsychologicaladverbpsychologically 1relating to the way that your mind works and the way that this affects your behaviour SYN mental: Sleep disorders are a serious psychological problem. Freud’s psychological theories What was the patient’s psychological state?2relating to what is in someone’s mind rather than what is real: Max says he’s ill, but I’m sure it’s psychological.3psychological warfare behaviour intended to make your opponents lose confidence or feel afraid4the psychological moment British English informal the exact time in a situation when you have the best chance to achieve what you want—psychologically /-kli/ adverb: psychologically disturbed patients
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