单词	prune
释义	prune1 verbprune2 noun pruneprune1 /pruːn/ verb [transitive] Word Origin WORD ORIGINprune1 Origin: 1300-1400 Old French proignier, probably from provigner ‘to breed plants from shoots’, from Latin propago; ➔ PROPAGATE Verb Table VERB TABLE prune Simple Form Present I, you, we, they prune he, she, it prunes Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they pruned Present perfect I, you, we, they have pruned he, she, it has pruned Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had pruned Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will prune Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have pruned Continuous Form Present I am pruning he, she, it is pruning you, we, they are pruning Past I, he, she, it was pruning you, we, they were pruning Present perfect I, you, we, they have been pruning he, she, it has been pruning Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been pruning Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be pruning Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been pruning Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Miniature roses do not need much pruning and are ideal for planting in pots. Red dogwoods should be pruned regularly. The state has pruned $275 million from this year's budget. What's the best time of the year for pruning apple trees? EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS He has ruthlessly pruned his original plans for a quick dash to the top. Heavy pruning can promote vigorous new growth, which can increase susceptibility to the disease. In the intermediate zone between a population boom and a population bust, this superfluous genetic material is pruned out. It can be found in baking a cake, pruning a tree, or holding a children's party. Major pruning is done in late winter. The role of government in macroeconomic management had to be pruned to a bare minimum. Time also has worked wonders, pruning many of the bad investigative reporters and retaining many of the good ones. Would it be possible for them also to prune this tree hard back so the light can be seen. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorto cut wood, plants, or grass► cut down/chop down to make trees or bushes fall down by cutting them: cut/chop something down: · The tree was blocking the view from our window, and we asked a neighbour to chop it down.cut/chop down something: · Cutting down vast areas of the rainforests has created serious ecological problems. ► fell to cut down trees, especially a large number of them, using special equipment: · 63 percent of trees felled in Guatemala are used for fuel.· More trees are being felled annually now than ever before. ► chop/chop up to cut wood into pieces using an axe (=a tool with a long handle and a sharp blade): · Ivan spent the day chopping wood and sawing logs.chop something up/chop up something: · I chopped up the old fence and used it for firewood. ► cut to cut grass or cut off leaves, in order to make a place or plant look tidy: · She had to stand on a ladder to cut the top of the hedge.cut the lawn/grass: · My dad used to cut the grass every Sunday morning. ► mow to cut grass using a special machine, in order to make it look tidy: mow the lawn/the grass: · It took me two hours to mow the lawn. ► saw to cut wood using a saw (=sharp tool that you push backwards and forwards across the surface of the wood): · We had to saw the wood to the right length, and then nail the pieces together.saw something up/saw up something (=into several pieces): · It took all morning to saw up the logs. ► prune to cut off some of the branches of a tree or bush to make it grow better: · Miniature roses do not need much pruning and are ideal for planting in pots. · What's the best time of the year for pruning apple trees? ► trim to cut small amounts off something, especially a bush, in order to make it have a neat shape or surface: · Do you think the hedge needs trimming? ► hack to cut trees, plants etc by hitting them with a heavy knife or other sharp tool using short violent movements: hack at: · Robert was hacking at the base of the tree with an axe.hack your way through/hack a path through (=make a path by cutting down plants and trees): · They managed to hack their way through the jungle. WORD SETS► Crops alfalfa, nounarable, adjectivebarley, nounbran, nouncacao, nouncanker, nouncash crop, nouncassava, nouncereal, nouncocoa, nouncorn, nouncrop, nouncrop-dusting, nouncrop rotation, nouncrop-spraying, nouncultivate, verbcultivated, adjectivecultivation, nouncultivator, noundrill, noundrill, verbear, nounfertilize, verbfertilizer, nounfield corn, noungerminate, verbglean, verbgrain, noungranary, noungrower, nounharvest, nounharvest, verbharvester, nounhay, nounhayloft, nounhaystack, nounhorticulture, nounkernel, nounlift, verbmaize, nounmalt, nounmarket garden, nounmillet, nounoats, nounorchard, nounorganic, adjectiveplant, verbplantation, nounpotato, nounproduce, nounpropagate, verbprune, verbreap, verbrice, nounrice paddy, nounripe, adjectiveroot crop, nounrotate, verbrye, nounryegrass, nounscion, nounseason, nounseed, verbseedbed, nounsheaf, nounsisal, nounsorghum, nounsow, verbsprout, nounstraw, nounstubble, nounsugar beet, nountaro, nountill, verbtillage, noununripe, adjectivevegetable, nounvineyard, nounviticulture, nounwheat, nounwindfall, nounwinnow, verb Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► back · Otherwise they should now be pruned back hard.· In autumn tree surgeons would come to prune back the branches, but not yet.· The novel is about a third too long, and the second half could decently have been pruned back. NOUN► tree · It can be found in baking a cake, pruning a tree, or holding a children's party.· I went down to the phone to talk with Erica and Stuart, then came back up and pruned two apple trees.· Secondly, the bounds provided by penalties can be used to prune the tree and avoid unnecessary pivots.· Would it be possible for them also to prune this tree hard back so the light can be seen. 1 (also prune something ↔ back) to cut off some of the branches of a tree or bush to make it grow better:  The roses need pruning.2especially British English to make something smaller by removing parts that you do not need or want:  The company is pruning staff in order to reduce costs. The original version of the text has been pruned quite a bit. prune1 verbprune2 noun pruneprune2 noun [countable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINprune2 Origin: 1300-1400 French ‘plum’, from Latin prunus Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS An image that captures the dichotomy of possibilities in getting older is the plum versus the prune. Besides, it has prunes in it, did you know that? Deep lines grooved her prune of a face. One of the most important discriminators between plums and prunes is what their age means to them. Put the prunes in an earthenware oven dish, with the wine and enough water to cover them. The prunes were good but with three extra stones in the juice Christopher wondered who might have been there before him. word sets WORD SETS► Food abalone, nounacetic acid, nounadditive, nounaftertaste, nounà la carte, adjectiveal dente, adjectivealfresco, adjectiveambrosia, nounangelica, nounaniseed, nounantipasto, nounappetizer, nounarrowroot, nounbad, adjectivebaker, nounbaking powder, nounbaking soda, nounbanana split, nounbanger, nounbanquet, nounbanqueting hall, nounbarbie, nounbarley, nounbasil, nounbass, nounbatch, nounbay leaf, nounBBQ, nounbean, nounbean curd, nounbeansprout, nounbeef, nounbeefburger, nounbeefsteak, nounbeet, nounbell pepper, nounberry, nounbetel, nounbetel nut, nounbicarbonate of soda, nounbilberry, nounbill of fare, nounbinge, nounbinge, verbbistro, nounblackberry, nounblack-eyed bean, nounblack pepper, nounblack pudding, nounblend, verbblend, nounblueberry, nounboard, nounbolt, verbbone, verbbon vivant, nounbony, adjectivebox lunch, nounbramble, nounbran, nounbrandy butter, nounbrasserie, nounbrawn, nounbreakfast, nounbrisket, nounbroiler, nounbroiler chicken, nounbroth, nounbrown rice, nounbrunch, nounbubble gum, nounbuckwheat, nounbuffet, nounbun, nounbus, verbbusboy, nounbutcher, nounbutcher, verbbutchery, nounbuttercream, nounbutty, nouncafé, nouncafeteria, nouncaff, nouncaffeine, nouncake, nouncan, verbcandy, nouncanned, adjectivecapon, nouncapsicum, nouncaraway, nouncarbohydrate, nouncare package, nouncarvery, nouncassava, nouncater, verbcaterer, nouncatering, nouncatsup, nouncatwalk, nouncayenne pepper, nouncereal, nouncheese, nounchef, nouncherry tomato, nounchickpea, nounchilli, nounChinese, nounchip shop, nounchives, nounchocolate, nounchocolatey, adjectiveChristmas dinner, nounchuck steak, nouncitric acid, nouncitron, nounclotted cream, nounclub sandwich, nouncob, nouncobbler, nouncocoa, nouncocoa bean, nouncoconut milk, nouncoffee house, nouncoffee shop, nouncold cuts, nouncold storage, nouncold store, nouncommissary, nounconcentrate, nouncondensed milk, nouncondiment, nouncone, nounconfection, nounconfectioner, nounconfectioner's sugar, nounconfectionery, nounconserve, nouncontent, nouncontinental breakfast, nounconvenience food, nouncook-chill, adjectivecooker, nouncookie, nouncooking, nouncooking oil, nouncorn bread, nouncorn chip, nouncorncob, nouncorned beef, nouncornet, nouncornflakes, nouncornflour, nouncornmeal, nouncorn on the cob, nouncorn pone, nouncornstarch, nouncorn syrup, nouncottage cheese, nouncotton candy, nouncourgette, nouncourse, nouncover charge, nouncrab, nouncrab apple, nouncracker, nouncrackling, nouncranberry, nouncrayfish, nouncream, nouncream cheese, nouncream cracker, nouncreamer, nouncreamy, adjectivecress, nouncrisp, nouncrisp, adjectivecrispbread, nouncrispy, adjectivecroissant, nouncroquette, nouncrouton, nouncrumb, nouncrumpet, nouncrunchy, adjectivecrust, nouncrusty, adjectivecrystallized, adjectivecucumber, nouncud, nouncuisine, nouncupcake, nouncurd, nouncurdle, verbcurrant, nouncustard, nouncut, nouncutlet, noundainty, nounDanish pastry, noundate, noundefrost, verbdelicacy, noundemerara sugar, noundesiccated, adjectivedevilled, adjectivedevour, verbdiabetic, adjectivedigest, verbdigestible, adjectivedill, noundill pickle, noundine, verbdiner, noundining car, noundinner, noundinner dance, noundinner party, noundinner theater, noundinnertime, noundissolve, verbdoggy bag, noundoily, noundollop, noundough, noundown, verbdrain, verbdredge, verbdried, adjectivedried fruit, noundripping, noundrumstick, noundry goods, noundunk, verbEaster egg, nouneat, verbeatery, nouneating apple, nouneats, nounEccles cake, nounéclair, nounEdam, nounedible, adjectiveeel, nounegg, nouneggplant, nounegg roll, nounelevenses, nounendive, nounEnglish breakfast, nounEnglish muffin, nounentrée, nounepicure, nounescalope, nounevaporated milk, nounfast food, nounfeed, verbfeed, nounfeta cheese, nounfig, nounfilbert, nounfillet, verbfilling, adjectivefilling, nounfilo, nounflounder, nounfloury, adjectiveflyblown, adjectivefoil, nounfoodstuff, nounforage, nounfork, verbfortify, verbfreeze-dried, adjectiveFrench bean, nounFrench bread, nounFrench dressing, nounFrench fry, nounFrench loaf, nounFrench stick, nounfries, nounfromage frais, nounfrozen, adjectivefruit, nounfudge, nounfull-fat, adjectivegaram masala, noungarlic, noungarnish, noungarnish, verbgastronomic, adjectivegastronomy, noungel, verbginger, nounglass, nounglassware, noungolden raisin, noungoody, noungourmand, noungrain, nounGranary, adjectivegranulated, adjectivegreasy, adjectivegreasy spoon, noungreen, adjectivegrill, noungristle, noungrocer, nounground, adjectiveground beef, noungrub, noungruel, nounguava, noungum, noungumball, noungumbo, noungumdrop, nounhalal, adjectivehalibut, nounham, nounhamburger, nounhaunch, nounhead table, nounhealth food, nounheart, nounhearty, adjectiveheat, nounherb, nounhigh tea, nounhome economics, nounhot dish, nounhygiene, nounhygienic, adjectiveiceman, nounindigestible, adjectiveindigestion, nouninedible, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveingest, verbinn, nouninsipid, adjectiveintake, nounirradiate, verbjellied, adjectivejoint, nounjuice, nounjuicy, adjectivejunk, nounjunk food, nounknuckle, nounkosher, adjectivelaxative, nounlean, adjectiveleavings, nounleg, nounlight, adjectiveliquorice, nounlive, adjectiveloaf, nounlocker, nounloin, nounlotus, nounlukewarm, adjectivelump, nounlunch, nounlunch, verblunchbox, nounlunch break, nounluncheon, nounlunch hour, nounlunchroom, nounlunchtime, nounluscious, adjectivemace, nounMadeira cake, nounmain course, nounmaitre d', nounmaize, nounmandarin, nounmandarin orange, nounmangetout, nounmango, nounmaple syrup, nounmargarine, nounmarge, nounmarmalade, nounmarrow, nounmarshmallow, nounMason jar, nounmasticate, verbmature, adjectivemature, verbmeal, nounmealie, nounmealtime, nounmealy, adjectivemeat, nounmeat-packing, nounmeaty, adjectivemellow, adjectivementhol, nounmentholated, adjectivemenu, nounmess, nounmess, verbmess hall, nounmilk chocolate, nounmillet, nounmince, nounmint, nounmocha, nounmolasses, nounmoreish, adjectivemorsel, nounmouldy, adjectivemouth, nounmouthful, nounMSG, nounmunch, verbmung bean, nounmush, nounmushroom, nounmustard, nounnibble, verbnibble, nounnosh, nounnourish, verbnourishment, nounnugget, nounnut, nounnutcracker, nounnutshell, nounnutty, adjectiveoatmeal, nounoats, nounoffal, nounokra, nounon, prepositiononion, nounorder, nounoregano, nounorganic, adjectiveoverindulge, verboxtail, nounpackaging, nounpacker, nounpap, nounparcel, nounpaste, nounpastille, nounpastry, nounpatisserie, nounpearl barley, nounpectin, nounpeel, verbpeel, nounpepper, nounpepper, verbpeppercorn, nounpeppermint, nounperishable, adjectivepetit four, nounpiccalilli, nounpicnic, nounpicnic, verbpie, nounpilaff, nounpilau, nounpimento, nounpinto bean, nounpit, nounpizza parlor, nounpizzeria, nounplain chocolate, nounplain flour, nounploughman's lunch, nounpoor boy, nounpork, nounpork pie, nounpork rinds, nounporridge, nounporterhouse steak, nounportion, nounpostprandial, adjectivepotato, nounpotato crisp, nounpotted, adjectivepoultry, nounpraline, nounprawn, nounprepacked, adjectivepreservative, nounpreserve, verbpreserve, nounpretzel, nounprovision, verbprune, nounpuff pastry, nounpumpernickel, nounpumpkin, nounpuree, verbquince, nounQuorn, nounrabbit, nounrancid, adjectiverare, adjectiveravenous, adjectiveraw, adjectivered meat, nounreheat, verbrennet, nounrepast, nounreplete, adjectiverestaurant, nounrestaurant car, nounrestaurateur, nounrib, nounrice, nounrigatoni, nounrind, nounripe, adjectiveroadhouse, nounrock, nounroe, nounroll, nounroot vegetable, nounrose hip, nounrusk, nounrutabaga, nounsaccharin, nounsalad cream, nounsalad dressing, nounsalami, nounsalmon, nounsalsa, nounsalt, verbsalt, adjectivesalty, adjectivesandwich, nounsardine, nounsassafras, nounsatisfying, adjectivesatsuma, nounsauerkraut, nounsausage, nounscallion, nounscampi, nounscone, nounscoop, nounScotch broth, nounscratchings, nounseafood, nounseasoned, adjectiveseed, verbsemolina, nounservery, nounservice charge, nounserving, nounset, adjectiveshallot, nounshellfish, nounsherbet, nounshish kebab, nounshortbread, nounshortcake, nounshortcrust pastry, nounshoulder, nounshrimp cocktail, nounside order, nounsillabub, nounsimnel cake, nounsingle cream, nounsirloin, nounsitting, nounskimmed milk, nounskin, nounskin, verbslaw, nounslice, nounsliced bread, nounsloe, nounsloppy joe, nounsmorgasbord, nounsnack bar, nounsnow pea, nounsoda fountain, nounsodium chloride, nounsoft fruit, nounsorghum, nounsoul food, nounsour, adjectivesour, verbsourdough, nounsoya, nounsoya bean, nounspearmint, nounspinach, nounsponge, nounsponge cake, nounsponge pudding, nounspoon, verbspoonful, nounspotted dick, nounspread, nounspring onion, nounspring roll, nounsprout, nounspud, nounsquash, nounsquid, nounstaple, nounstarfruit, nounstarter, nounsteak, nounsteakhouse, nounsteak tartare, nounstew, nounstick, nounStilton, nounstir-fry, verbstodge, nounstone-ground, adjectivestrawberry, nounstring bean, nounstringy, adjectivestrudel, nounsub, nounsucrose, nounsuet, nounsugar, nounsugar, verbsugar-coated, adjectivesugar cube, nounsugar lump, nounsugary, adjectivesultana, nounsun-dried, adjectivesup, verbsupper, nounsustenance, nounswallow, verbswallow, nounswede, nounsweetcorn, nounsweetened condensed milk, nounsweetener, nounsweetmeat, nounsweet pepper, nounsweet potato, nounsyrup, nounsyrupy, adjectivetable d'hôte, nountaco, nountaffy, nountainted, adjectivetakeaway, nountakeout, nountangerine, nountapas, nountapioca, nountaramasalata, nountariff, nountart, nountartare sauce, nountaste, verbtasteless, adjectivetaster, nountasting, nountater, nountattie, nounT-bone steak, nountea, nounteacake, nountender, adjectivetin, nountinned, adjectivetitbit, nountoffee apple, nountofu, nountomato, nountongue, nountop, nountopping, nountop round, nountopside, nountop table, nountortilla, nountough, adjectivetransport cafe, nountreacle, nountrifle, nountripe, nountrotter, nountruck stop, nountruffle, nountub, nountuna, nounturkey, nounTurkish delight, nounturnip, nounturnover, nountutti frutti, nounTV dinner, nounTVP, noununadulterated, adjectiveunleavened, adjectiveunpalatable, adjectivevacuum-packed, adjectivevanilla, nounveal, nounvegan, nounvegetable, nounvegetarian, nounvegetarianism, nounveggie, nounvenison, nounvictual, verbvictuals, nounvoracious, adjectivevoucher, nounwaiter, nounwaitress, nounwalnut, noun-ware, suffixwarmed-over, adjectivewedge, nounwell, nounwell-done, adjectivewell-fed, adjectivewet fish, nounwheat, nounwhite, nounwhite flour, nounwhite pepper, nounwhite sauce, nounwholefood, nounwholemeal, adjectivewhole wheat, adjectivewiener, nounwild rice, nounwishbone, nounwrap, nounyeast extract, nounyoghurt, nounyogurt, nounyolk, nounyule log, nounyummy, adjectivezucchini, nounzwieback, noun a dried plum, often cooked before it is eaten:  stewed prunes
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