单词 | extreme |
释义 | extreme1 adjectiveextreme2 noun extremeex‧treme1 /ɪkˈstriːm/ ●●○ S3 W3 adjective ![]() ![]() WORD ORIGINextreme1 ExamplesOrigin: 1400-1500 French extrême, from Latin extremus ‘most outward’, from exter; ➔ EXTERNALEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorwords for describing extreme opinions or people► extreme Collocations extreme opinions or beliefs about politics, religion etc are too strong and most people regard them as unreasonable: · Buchanan's political views are too extreme for most Americans.· extreme left-wing groups· We like to present an extreme position to get people to react to it. ► extremist extremist ideas or political organizations involve actions or aims that are very strong and most people think are unreasonable: · The military is expecting a violent response from extremist groups.· extremist elements within the party· Neither of these extremist solutions seemed very popular with the voters. ► far-left/far-right relating to the most extreme left wing or right wing of a political organization or among followers of a set of political beliefs: · Both the far-left Communists and the far-right National Alliance are calling for new elections.· Observers are disturbed by the rise in the number of far-right militias. ► hardline having very definite and extreme political opinions and aims, and completely unwilling to accept or support anything different or less extreme: · The army is run by a few hardline generals.· Hardline separatists have rejected the proposed constitution. ► ultra: ultra-right-wing/left-wing/radical etc far more right-wing, left-wing etc than usual: · He spoke before the ultra-right-wing Heritage Foundation on Thursday.· The Socialist party has been infiltrated by members of the ultra-radical "True Path" group. someone who has extreme opinions► extremist someone who has extreme opinions, especially about politics or religion: · The government condemns anyone who disagrees with it as extremists.· The regime has been accused of supporting extremists in other countries in the region.· Left-wing extremists have threatened to disrupt the political convention. ► fanatic someone who agrees with and supports very extreme religious or political aims, is completely certain that their opinions are right, and who is thought to be dangerous: · His parents were religious fanatics who didn't allow him to play with other children.· Pro-Fascist fanatics have continued their attacks on foreigners. ► hardliner someone who believes very deeply in a set of political aims and ideas, and will not accept or support any changes to them, even if this is unreasonable or unhelpful: · Cuban-American hardliners continue to reject any dealings with Castro.· The Prime Minister has been criticized by hardliners in his party for giving away too much in the treaty. ► militant someone who is willing to work outside usual political structures, and use illegal or violent methods if necessary, in order to achieve political change: · He is one of the militants convicted of the World Trade Center bombing.· A crowd of militants took to the streets to protest the government's policies. ► fundamentalist someone who follows the rules of their religion very strictly, in a way that seems very unusual to people who do not believe in the same way: Christian/Muslim/Jewish/Hindu etc fundamentalist: · an organized Christian fundamentalist movementfundamentalist group/leader/party/church etc: · They belong to a fundamentalist church. ► hardcore/hard-core the hardcore members of a political organization are the small group of people who have the strongest beliefs and who do the most work: · The organization has only about 30 hardcore supporters.· Dole at least had the support of loyal hard-core Republicans. ► zealot someone who has very extreme beliefs about something, especially about religion, and who thinks that everyone else should live their lives according to religious rules and beliefs: · A few zealots strongly objected to the proposed sale of alcohol at the local store.· Anti-abortion zealots are responsible for the bombing of the clinic. ► diehard someone who completely refuses to accept new ideas, especially political ideas, even after most other people have accepted them: · Salisbury, Walton, and a few other diehards still refused to join the coalition.· Taylor is one of the diehards willing to push the development program at any price. ► lunatic fringe a small number of people within a larger organization or movement, whose ideas are so extreme or unusual that most people think they are stupid or a little crazy: · Many think the lunatic fringe has really harmed the public image of gays among the middle class.· Animal rights campaigners blame the latest set of bomb attacks on the lunatic fringe within the movement. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► extreme care/caution Phrases![]() ![]() ![]() · Bears can be dangerous and walkers should proceed with extreme caution. ► extreme/severe climate· These mountain people are used to the extreme climate. ► severe/extreme embarrassment· This scandal could cause severe embarrassment to the government. ► an extreme emergency (=a situation that is very worrying or dangerous)· These weapons should be used only in an extreme emergency. ► an extreme example· To give you an extreme example, one lady called the police fifteen times in a single evening. ► severe/serious/extreme hardship (=very bad)· The 1930s brought severe hardship to the Midwest, especially for Oklahoma. ► the intense/extreme heat· She was in need of a cooling drink in the intense heat. ► a extreme measure· The public would not be in favour of such an extreme measure. ► At the opposite extreme,![]() · Few people hold this extreme position today. ► extreme/severe poverty· They live in conditions of extreme poverty. ► great/deep/extreme reluctance· He said the firm had made the job cuts with great reluctance. ► an extreme sport (=one that is dangerous)· Many teenagers are attracted to extreme sports such as snowboarding. ► extreme temperatures· The material has to be able to withstand extreme temperatures. ► extreme view· a politician who has extreme views on immigration COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► care· If he writes slowly and with extreme care, he forsakes natural rhythm and ease of style.· Virginia liked to watch them when they were in a mood that required that they be handled with extreme care.· However, this kind of educational process needs to be carried out with extreme care. ► case· In some extreme cases, theorising obliterates any need for empirical method.· In extreme cases, they break windows and fill the inside of the car with snow.· The extreme case is, of course, a partial reinforcement schedule in which food is sometimes presented and sometimes not.· They represent extreme cases of female aggressiveness, male nurturance, and other seemingly anomalous behavior.· Only in the most extreme cases does any sense of closure pertain.· Then the militia, or the U. S. Army, in extreme cases, would enforce the injunction.· The award of a franchise to an entirely new company, from scratch, was thus the extreme case.· However, incorrect stretching can cause untold damage and even permanent injuries in extreme cases. ► caution· However, a partner needs gentle handling to tread gently and with extreme caution.· In reality, the tsar proceeded with extreme caution.· Exercise extreme caution in babies with renal or hepatic failure.· It is therefore advisable that all practice be carried out with extreme caution.· She even exercises extreme caution about what she throws into her waste-paper bin.· Treat special offers with extreme caution.· He was going to have to move with extreme caution.· Providing walkers exercise extreme caution no major problems should be encountered. ► circumstances· A careful record, with corroboration, is always desirable in such extreme circumstances.· Only once had he said he loved her, and that had been in extreme circumstances.· This could include the imposition of sanctions or in extreme circumstances suspension of the client from that establishment.· In extreme circumstances the customer or supplier may seek to use its strong position and extract personal benefits in return for giving its consent.· An officer who spent his career patrolling a middle-class suburb would only in extreme circumstances be involved in a physical encounter.· In extreme circumstances borrowers might be allowed to pay interest only for a while.· The wearing of a plaster cast was only allowed in extreme circumstances and brown suede shoes were definitely out. ► difficulty· The extreme difficulty in getting information suggests some state secret. ► end· Evictions are the extreme end of the bailiff's duties.· But the extreme ends of the continent seem afflicted with retro-chic shallowness when it comes to cocktails.· Roots and leafless bushes stuck up wildly at the extreme end of the strip. ► example· An extreme example of such extension can be found in the description of teaching as an act of violence.· Indeed, they are one of the more extreme examples.· An extreme example of this is broadcasting expenditure.· The extreme example of this is the call centre, where time spent on refreshment breaks is often deducted from pay.· In an extreme example, imagine you have been told you have an incurable disease.· Fresh food is the most extreme example of the change that has come over the shops.· It represented an extreme example of a theocracy - of a body politic organised essentially around religious principles.· An extreme example of Western attitude towards animals is the so-called blood sports, most of which have now died out. ► form· This is anomic aphasia. 9.2.6 Global aphasia Global aphasia could be thought of as the most extreme form of aphasia.· Even the most extreme forms of self-mortification have ancient parallels.· The most extreme form of dramatic playing would be egocentric play.· In its extreme form, the domain of appropriate state action is reduced to almost nothing, a perspective usually termed libertarianism.· This is an extreme form of ignoring.· The extreme form of this view, in which there is no role for the state, is labeled anarchism.· These feminist differences surfaced in a more extreme form in the months after the passing of the act.· The price that has to be paid, in extreme form, is neurosis. ► left· Developing your film To get your film developed you need to go to the extreme left of the upper level. ► measure· Public opinion, it was argued, would react unfavourably to such an extreme measure.· It was not an alien phenomenon and, as such, did not provoke an extreme response or demand extreme measures.· Extreme measures perhaps but unfortunately extreme measures are becoming necessary.· He hoped that such extreme measures would not be necessary.· In times of political unrest, the danger that extreme measures will be taken increases.· So when a blizzard or a budget standoff sends them home, some federal workaholics resort to extreme measures.· The strike is the most extreme measure by which the students can peacefully protest their dissatisfactions. ► position· I would not accept this extreme position.· This allows presidential candidates to jump on their bandwagons without being held accountable for their extreme positions.· Many observers argue that banning political parties is counter-productive because it forces moderates into more extreme positions.· They tend to talk more extremely and take more extreme positions.· Hold in this extreme position for 25 counts, stretching a little further with each count.· This is typified by the extreme positions of the Black Paperites and the neo-Marxist Freeschoolers and Deschoolers.· Hold for 1 second in this extreme position.· Hold for 1 second in that extreme position, then push and stretch a little further for a count of 25. ► poverty· He moved there in 1920 and his first years were marked by extreme poverty.· Chancey, who had never known his parents, was being raised by an old aunt in extreme poverty.· For most, this was their first exposure to extreme poverty.· He points out that the working classes consisted mainly of peasants forced off the land through extreme poverty. ► pressure· More often the cause is loss of confidence or extreme pressure of work.· There is extreme pressure for production and keeping costs down.· In 376, however, the Visigoths found themselves under extreme pressure from the Huns, an Asiatic people from the steppes.· They were under extreme pressure and the pressure itself was impairing performance.· He batted for almost 2 hours and hit four fours under extreme pressure.· He needs to be in a place without the extreme pressure.· What is the cost to staff working under extreme pressure? ► right· The vote for the extreme right is depressing, but not the beginning of a trend, let alone das End.· My platoon was the lead platoon on the extreme right.· At the extreme right of the picture the top of the Citicorp Building has been spun through 180 degrees.· He was awarded a law degree at the Sorbonne, where he flirted with the extreme right.· The basic tenor of the publications of the extreme Right has scarcely altered since that date.· Here we formed the extreme right of the line of battle...· The large mill owner's house is on the extreme right.· We women can not be lured back as long as the extreme right is in control. ► situation· We also hear the results of this false dualism in less extreme situations in our own public life.· In the end this backfired, since it meant the bomb could only be used in the most extreme situation imaginable.· This extreme role can be used to try to understand extreme situations.· In extreme situations, it may be necessary to resort to arbitration.· In extreme situations like this it is not surprising that the local population becomes angered.· In their view separation should only happen in extreme situations where the child is physically at risk. ► view· I think maybe he didn't share some of their more extreme views.· The new administration leaned toward a more extreme view on contagion than patients had experienced in years.· Smith expressed his typically extreme view that the appointment of Coleman was the greatest calamity the veterinary profession ever experienced.· Quinton would not accept the third thesis mentioned, and it is a very extreme view.· Nature is a precarious system, likely to accelerate to catastrophe if tampered with, is one extreme view. ► violence· Such measures are obviously justified where extreme violence has taken place or serious acts of vandalism have been committed.· Rated R for brief nudity and extreme violence.· After all, if they were premeditated, why were they carried out with such extreme violence? ► weather· The walks take place in all but the most extreme weather conditions, so please wear suitable outdoor clothing.· In fact, many buy snow insurance as a hedge against extreme weather.· Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.· If so, are we all facing more extreme weather?· Scientists can also understand more about possible links with extreme weather like hurricanes.· It was known that fasting could cause hallucinations, and extreme weather conditions were thought to affect the mind.· In addition, the surface is not affected by extreme weather conditions. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► extreme west/end/left etc Word family
WORD FAMILYnounextremeextremismextremistextremityadjectiveextremeextremistadverbextremely 1[only before noun] very great in degree: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() extreme1 adjectiveextreme2 noun extremeextreme2 ●●○ noun [countable] ![]() ![]() EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Thesaurus
THESAURUS► right-wing Collocations adjective a right-wing person or group wants low taxes, a strong army and police force, and the individual to be free from government interference as much as possible: · right-wing political parties· Some of his supporters are very right-wing.· right-wing policies on gun control ► left-wing adjective a left-wing person or group wants the government to make society more equal by increasing taxes for rich people, and taking control of important industries and services: · a left-wing newspaper· His views are very left-wing. ► green adjective [usually before noun] supporting policies and principles which will protect the environment: · green politicians· the Green Party· The government is under pressure to improve its green credentials (=to seem more like it wants to protect the environment). ► radical adjective supporting political ideas that will involve great change: · radical politicians· a radical economic reform programme ► liberal adjective supporting political ideas that will allow people to have greater freedom: · They want the government to have a more liberal policy on drugs. ► moderate adjective having political opinions which are not extreme: · People generally become more moderate as they get older.· The bill is supported by moderate Republicans. ► extreme adjective having political opinions which are considered to be very unreasonable by many people: · His views on immigration are very extreme.· an extreme right-wing organization Longman Language Activatorwords for describing extreme opinions or people► extreme extreme opinions or beliefs about politics, religion etc are too strong and most people regard them as unreasonable: · Buchanan's political views are too extreme for most Americans.· extreme left-wing groups· We like to present an extreme position to get people to react to it. ► extremist extremist ideas or political organizations involve actions or aims that are very strong and most people think are unreasonable: · The military is expecting a violent response from extremist groups.· extremist elements within the party· Neither of these extremist solutions seemed very popular with the voters. ► far-left/far-right relating to the most extreme left wing or right wing of a political organization or among followers of a set of political beliefs: · Both the far-left Communists and the far-right National Alliance are calling for new elections.· Observers are disturbed by the rise in the number of far-right militias. ► hardline having very definite and extreme political opinions and aims, and completely unwilling to accept or support anything different or less extreme: · The army is run by a few hardline generals.· Hardline separatists have rejected the proposed constitution. ► ultra: ultra-right-wing/left-wing/radical etc far more right-wing, left-wing etc than usual: · He spoke before the ultra-right-wing Heritage Foundation on Thursday.· The Socialist party has been infiltrated by members of the ultra-radical "True Path" group. someone who has extreme opinions► extremist someone who has extreme opinions, especially about politics or religion: · The government condemns anyone who disagrees with it as extremists.· The regime has been accused of supporting extremists in other countries in the region.· Left-wing extremists have threatened to disrupt the political convention. ► fanatic someone who agrees with and supports very extreme religious or political aims, is completely certain that their opinions are right, and who is thought to be dangerous: · His parents were religious fanatics who didn't allow him to play with other children.· Pro-Fascist fanatics have continued their attacks on foreigners. ► hardliner someone who believes very deeply in a set of political aims and ideas, and will not accept or support any changes to them, even if this is unreasonable or unhelpful: · Cuban-American hardliners continue to reject any dealings with Castro.· The Prime Minister has been criticized by hardliners in his party for giving away too much in the treaty. ► militant someone who is willing to work outside usual political structures, and use illegal or violent methods if necessary, in order to achieve political change: · He is one of the militants convicted of the World Trade Center bombing.· A crowd of militants took to the streets to protest the government's policies. ► fundamentalist someone who follows the rules of their religion very strictly, in a way that seems very unusual to people who do not believe in the same way: Christian/Muslim/Jewish/Hindu etc fundamentalist: · an organized Christian fundamentalist movementfundamentalist group/leader/party/church etc: · They belong to a fundamentalist church. ► hardcore/hard-core the hardcore members of a political organization are the small group of people who have the strongest beliefs and who do the most work: · The organization has only about 30 hardcore supporters.· Dole at least had the support of loyal hard-core Republicans. ► zealot someone who has very extreme beliefs about something, especially about religion, and who thinks that everyone else should live their lives according to religious rules and beliefs: · A few zealots strongly objected to the proposed sale of alcohol at the local store.· Anti-abortion zealots are responsible for the bombing of the clinic. ► diehard someone who completely refuses to accept new ideas, especially political ideas, even after most other people have accepted them: · Salisbury, Walton, and a few other diehards still refused to join the coalition.· Taylor is one of the diehards willing to push the development program at any price. ► lunatic fringe a small number of people within a larger organization or movement, whose ideas are so extreme or unusual that most people think they are stupid or a little crazy: · Many think the lunatic fringe has really harmed the public image of gays among the middle class.· Animal rights campaigners blame the latest set of bomb attacks on the lunatic fringe within the movement. someone or something that is completely different from someone or something else► the opposite · Our first baby hardly ever cried in the night, but our second is the opposite - we never get any sleep.the opposite of · 'Light' is the opposite of both 'dark' and 'heavy'.do the opposite · They asked for our advice and then did the opposite!exactly/just the opposite · I thought she'd be upset by the news, but her reaction was exactly the opposite. ► the reverse formal the exact opposite of the situation, idea, process that has just been mentioned: · The acid must be added to the water -- doing the reverse can be highly dangerous.· The economic situation is certainly improving, although widespread unemployment suggests the reverse.the reverse of: · He said that the rioters had been killed accidentally, the reverse of what had actually happened. ► the other way around /round British the opposite of what you thought or of what someone has just said: · No, the street was named after the college, not the other way around (=the college was not named after the street).· I thought he was the boss and she was his secretary, but in fact it was the other way around. ► vice versa used to talk about the opposite of a situation that you have just mentioned: · Whenever I'm at home, my husband seems to be out, and vice versa (=when I am out, he's at home) !· Astronomers were still uncertain whether the Earth travelled around the Sun or vice-versa.· Dutch speakers can usually understand German quite well, but not vice versa. ► go to the opposite extreme/go from one extreme to the other to stop doing one thing far too much, but then start doing the opposite far too much: · She used to eat too much, but now she's gone to the opposite extreme and is practically starving herself.· Doug's gone from one extreme to the other - it used to be impossible to drag him away from the TV. Now we can't get him to stay home. to do something too much► try/think/push etc too hard to do something with too much effort, so that you do not get the result you want: · You're hitting the ball too hard.· I think you've been working too hard - you need a rest· Many parents try too hard to engineer a safe environment for their child, with disastrous results. ► overdo it especially spoken to do or say something too much, especially to do too much work or exercise: · You need more exercise, but be careful not to overdo it.· The tour guide managed to be funny and informative, without overdoing it. ► overreact to get too angry or too worried when something happens which is not in fact very serious: · Don't you think you're overreacting a little? I'm only ten minutes late.overreact to: · I think people have overreacted to the advertisement - we didn't intend of offend anyone. ► go too far/take something too far to do something so much or to such a great degree that you offend, upset, or annoy people, especially because you do not know when it is reasonable to stop: · Officials were worried that the Chairman's criticisms had gone too far.· John had taken the joke too far and now Betty was crying.go too far/take sth too far in doing something: · We all agree there have to be some controls, but the government has gone too far in ordering all immigration to be stopped. ► go to extremes to do something so much, state something so strongly etc, that people consider your actions unacceptable and unreasonable: · Hunt went to such extremes to get his promotion that everyone at the office hates him now.· You don't have to go to extremes to become healthier - a little exercise and slight changes to your diet can work wonders. ► to excess if you do something to excess , you do it so much that it is wrong or harmful: · The government enthusiastically supports US foreign policy, sometimes to excess.· He drank to excess, occasionally causing scenes in front of CIA officials. ► over the top something you say or do that is over the top is extreme, so that it is either very funny and entertaining, or very annoying or offensive: · Some of his remarks about women were really over the top.· The show was supposed to be a kind of over-the-top satire - it wasn't supposed to be taken seriously.go over the top: · The movie's drawn-out finale goes over the top in its attempt to keep the audience in suspense. ► overload to give someone too much work to do or try to make a system handle too much work: · We can't take money from a school system that is already overloaded.· They overloaded the computer system, and the whole thing just stopped.· Projects should stretch people and make them work hard, but not overload them. ► overindulge/overindulge yourself use this humorously when you have eaten too much rich food or drunk too much alcohol: · Schneider told quite a funny story about how he had overindulged one night.· What's the point of a vacation, after all, if not to overindulge yourself? ► flog something to death British informal to talk too much about a subject or repeat a joke or story too often, so that no one is interested in it any more: · It was a good story a month ago, but the newspapers have really flogged it to death. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► between ... two extremes Phrases![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() · Bears can be dangerous and walkers should proceed with extreme caution. ► extreme/severe climate· These mountain people are used to the extreme climate. ► severe/extreme embarrassment· This scandal could cause severe embarrassment to the government. ► an extreme emergency (=a situation that is very worrying or dangerous)· These weapons should be used only in an extreme emergency. ► an extreme example· To give you an extreme example, one lady called the police fifteen times in a single evening. ► severe/serious/extreme hardship (=very bad)· The 1930s brought severe hardship to the Midwest, especially for Oklahoma. ► the intense/extreme heat· She was in need of a cooling drink in the intense heat. ► a extreme measure· The public would not be in favour of such an extreme measure. ► At the opposite extreme,![]() · Few people hold this extreme position today. ► extreme/severe poverty· They live in conditions of extreme poverty. ► great/deep/extreme reluctance· He said the firm had made the job cuts with great reluctance. ► an extreme sport (=one that is dangerous)· Many teenagers are attracted to extreme sports such as snowboarding. ► extreme temperatures· The material has to be able to withstand extreme temperatures. ► extreme view· a politician who has extreme views on immigration COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► opposite· At the opposite extreme of a pulse of extremely long duration, the Fourier spectrum only contains extremely low frequencies.· Alfonsina Storni seems to have veered as far as possible to the opposite extreme.· At the opposite extreme, paupers' graves had long been unmarked; but in between, death had been the metaphorical leveller.· The opposite extreme is to find one individual and share all the duties of parenthood equally, as albatrosses do. ► other· At the other extreme were open villages where the land was divided among a large number of freeholders and smallholders.· At the other extreme is the introduction of market principles into local authority practice by means of paid care schemes.· Our brains are no better equipped to handle extremes of complexity than extremes of size and the other difficult extremes of physics.· At the other extreme of cost is drilled emplacement.· At the other extreme is the park to which the public has unrestricted access during daylight hours.· At the other extreme stood Great Britain. ► polar· Nietzsche was soon to substitute a new opposition whose polar extremes were occupied by visual art and music. VERB► avoid· If you intend to change gauges and/or tunings regularly, try to avoid ridiculous extremes.· An early rule-of-thumb was to avoid any extremes of emotional behaviour.· True to our traditions, we have avoided all extremes.· However, one should avoid extremes in dress which may cause uneasiness.· There is a quiet pride that the profession avoided the extremes in adapting to modern ways. ► carry· And for some schools, this may be an interesting option, though if carried to extremes, it has serious limitations.· Mrs Norris carries thrift to extremes.· The doctrine of the origin of domestic races from several aboriginal stocks was once carried to absurd extremes. ► go· Predictably, it has not gone to extremes.· Victims' advocate Gail Leland said that too often parents go from one extreme to the other.· Sharing here goes to extremes that foreigners have a hard time comprehending.· The river goes from one extreme to the other and, what with all the metaphor, sometimes gets pretty muddy.· Do not be tempted to go to extremes.· There may be no reason for normal people to go to such extremes.· The more that you are yourself, the more people will go to extremes in their feeling about you.· My experience, dating back to the Depression, convinces me Wall Street goes to extremes. ► take· But few take it to such extremes as Rome.· Anything can be taken to extremes.· Painting in ripstop nylon has been taken to extremes by Tom Casselman.· Irigaray has offered some clues, but she takes the extreme of the feminine position as her point of departure.· But both communities must recognise the cancerous effect of sectarianism, taken to these extremes.· That is certainly taking caution to extremes.· If taken to extremes, such policies carried within them the potential to precipitate a catastrophic decline into hyperinflation.· The Holocaust shows what happened when the Western doctrine of racial superiority was taken to its ultimate extreme. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► in the extreme Word family
WORD FAMILYnounextremeextremismextremistextremityadjectiveextremeextremistadverbextremely 1a situation, quality etc which is as great as it can possibly be – used especially when talking about two oppositesextreme of![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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