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单词 excess
释义
excess1 nounexcess2 adjective
excessex‧cess1 /ɪkˈses, ˈekses/ ●●○ noun Word Origin
WORD ORIGINexcess1
Origin:
1300-1400 French excès, from Late Latin excessus, from Latin excedere; ➔ EXCEED
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • The '80s were a period of excess for many American businesses.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • Altogether, the totals are greatly in excess of available funds.
  • At the same time, the excess is not merely eliminated.
  • His thirty-minute ramble was greatly appreciated by all present, as it enabled many to sleep off their pre-meal excess of Nettles.
  • If you must drink, do so to excess.
  • The AFL-CIO also has spent in excess of $ 10 million to organize its election-year drive.
  • The growth of a population results from the excess of births over deaths as well as the movement of people between regions or countries.
  • They loll about in gorgeousness; they live for art; they believe in excess.
  • This excess of price over both marginal revenue and marginal cost is a convenient measure of the firm's monopoly power.
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatormore than a number, amount, age etc
more than a number or amount: more than: · I've been working here for more than fifteen years.· More than 50,000 people attended the concert, which was held in Central Park.much more/far more/a lot more/even more: · Rented accommodation costs much more in New York.· Sales executives earn about $200,000 a year, and those higher up the ladder can earn a lot more.no more than/not more than: · The discussion lasted no more than 30 minutes.10/100/$50 etc more: · It's a better hotel, but it costs about £50 more than the other one.or more: · He could receive a prison sentence of five years or more.
more than that number or amount - use this especially when it is not important to say exactly how much more: · I had to wait over half an hour for the train this morning.· We receive over 2,000 applications a year.· It's hot out there - I'd say it's over 90.just over (=slightly over): · She weighs just over 180 pounds.well over/way over (=a lot more) informal: · Well over 30 schools took part in the fund-raising walk.· She was driving way over the speed limit.3/10/12 etc and over (=including and over a particular age): · NCI recommends that women aged 40 years and over are checked every two years.
more than a number or level on a scale that can be exactly measured: · The temperature is about 2 degrees above zero.just above (=slightly above): · High speed trains average just above 150 mph.well/way above (=a lot more) informal: · The government promised to increase teachers' pay well above the rate of inflation.above average (=more than usual): · All the students in the group were found to have above average IQ scores.3/10/12 etc and above (=including and above a particular figure): · A score of 70 and above indicates good spatial and map-reading skills.
formal more than a particular number or amount, especially a number: · Scientists have discovered eight craters on Venus with diameters greater than 100 km.· Imagine a device that could send a signal at a speed greater than the speed of light. be greater than: · Economic growth this year is predicted to be greater than 1.5%.be much/far/even greater than: · By the 1940s, the volume of domestic trade was much greater than trade with other countries.
more than another number, amount, age etc - use this especially when the other number etc is a particular level or limit: · Inflation has now risen beyond the acceptable level of 5%.· In a number of professions, it is possible to continue working beyond retirement age.
formal more than an amount or number - used especially in official documents, instructions, or reports: · The cyclone was travelling at speeds in excess of 21 mph.be in excess of: · The population is now estimated to be in excess of 40 million.well in excess of (=a lot more) informal: · The fire has caused well in excess of $500,000 worth of damage.
also upward of American use this when the number or amount you mention is the lower limit, and there is possibly even more than that: · The Reynolds collection is valued at upward of $20 million. 10/$300/5 years etc and upwards: · The performance is suitable for children of 7 years and upwards.
: 10/100/1,500 etc plus at least 10, 100 etc and more than that: · The drugs have a street value of $30,000 plus.· It took me three hours to back up the computer's 400-plus megabyte memory.
too much or too many
use this about amounts or costs: · Jim drinks too much.· That kid talks too much.· You spend too much time worrying about things.far/way too much: · I'm sure my parents paid way too much for the land.· The surveys took up far too much time, and they were difficult to understand.too much for: · There was too much baggage for one person to carry.
use this about number of people or things: · I've brought some more chairs - I hope I didn't bring too many.· She can't come - she says she has too many things to do.far/way too many: · Far too many postgraduate students never finish their projects once begun.too many for: · There were too many bags for one person to carry.
formal too much of something: · an excess of alcohol· An excess of fertilizer is harmful to trees and other garden plants.
a situation in which there is too much of a product available at a particular time, which often results in the price of the product being cut: glut of: · A glut of bonds on the market pushed prices down.· When there is a glut of milk more products like yoghurt are made.
if you say that something is too much of a good thing , you mean that it would be good in small amounts but you have too much of it: · Many Koreans believe that the rush of foreign products may be too much of a good thing.· Getting six boxes of chocolates for my birthday was really too much of a good thing.
use this about an amount, cost, or level which is much too high, especially when you think it is wrong or unfair that it is so high: · The campaign is trying to stop the excessive use of chemicals in farming.· $10 for two cups of coffee seems excessive.· As usual, the opposition claims the government is guilty of excessive spending.
formal much more than is reasonable, especially when this is unfair to other people or means that other things are not given enough attention: · Scientists have been criticized for devoting an inordinate amount of time to research on animals.· a man of inordinate ambition
a situation in which something is done so much that it is no longer interesting or effective: · Of course, it's a serious disaster, but some of these sensational newspaper reports are just overkill.· Many felt that the money spent amounted to overkill, and that a cheaper, less glossy advertising campaign would have been just as effective.
to do something too much
to do something with too much effort, so that you do not get the result you want: · You're hitting the ball too hard.· I think you've been working too hard - you need a rest· Many parents try too hard to engineer a safe environment for their child, with disastrous results.
especially spoken to do or say something too much, especially to do too much work or exercise: · You need more exercise, but be careful not to overdo it.· The tour guide managed to be funny and informative, without overdoing it.
to get too angry or too worried when something happens which is not in fact very serious: · Don't you think you're overreacting a little? I'm only ten minutes late.overreact to: · I think people have overreacted to the advertisement - we didn't intend of offend anyone.
to do something so much or to such a great degree that you offend, upset, or annoy people, especially because you do not know when it is reasonable to stop: · Officials were worried that the Chairman's criticisms had gone too far.· John had taken the joke too far and now Betty was crying.go too far/take sth too far in doing something: · We all agree there have to be some controls, but the government has gone too far in ordering all immigration to be stopped.
to do something so much, state something so strongly etc, that people consider your actions unacceptable and unreasonable: · Hunt went to such extremes to get his promotion that everyone at the office hates him now.· You don't have to go to extremes to become healthier - a little exercise and slight changes to your diet can work wonders.
if you do something to excess , you do it so much that it is wrong or harmful: · The government enthusiastically supports US foreign policy, sometimes to excess.· He drank to excess, occasionally causing scenes in front of CIA officials.
something you say or do that is over the top is extreme, so that it is either very funny and entertaining, or very annoying or offensive: · Some of his remarks about women were really over the top.· The show was supposed to be a kind of over-the-top satire - it wasn't supposed to be taken seriously.go over the top: · The movie's drawn-out finale goes over the top in its attempt to keep the audience in suspense.
to give someone too much work to do or try to make a system handle too much work: · We can't take money from a school system that is already overloaded.· They overloaded the computer system, and the whole thing just stopped.· Projects should stretch people and make them work hard, but not overload them.
use this humorously when you have eaten too much rich food or drunk too much alcohol: · Schneider told quite a funny story about how he had overindulged one night.· What's the point of a vacation, after all, if not to overindulge yourself?
British informal to talk too much about a subject or repeat a joke or story too often, so that no one is interested in it any more: · It was a good story a month ago, but the newspapers have really flogged it to death.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 4adjectives
· He lived through some of the worst excesses of apartheid in South Africa.
(=very extreme behaviour)· The Press Complaints Commission criticized the wilder excesses of tabloid journalism.
verbs
(=control or limit bad behaviour)· A strong press can help to curb the excesses of government.
(=do very bad or immoral things, especially hurting or killing people in an unacceptable way)· The excesses committed by a small number of soldiers have ruined the regiment's good name.
formal (=commit them)· Government forces used the situation as an excuse to perpetrate excesses against suspected rebels.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=baggage that weighs more than you are allowed to take on a plane)· Passengers will be charged for excess baggage.
(=the pounds that make you heavier than you should be)· You’ll feel better if you lose the excess weight.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • The director earns an annual salary in excess of $100,000.
  • Amounts paid as salary that are in excess of what is reasonable are treated as dividends.
  • Any funds realized in excess of the amount owed must be returned to the borrower.
  • Drexel has netted fees in excess of $ 100 million for single take-overs.
  • Over several days, glycosuria leads to a significant osmotic diuresis, with losses of water in excess of sodium.
  • Payments received in excess of the amount loaned are the property of the borrower.
  • Skin and fat can not be present in excess of natural proportions.
  • The AFL-CIO also has spent in excess of $ 10 million to organize its election-year drive.
  • The deal is for 15 years and is valued in excess of $ 100 million.
  • Irwin admitted he often used alcohol and drugs to excess.
  • The people have not forgotten the excesses of the military regime.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
  • It was funny at first, but you've carried the joke too far.
1[singular, uncountable] a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed:  After you apply the oil, wait 20 minutes before wiping off any excess.excess of It was an excess of enthusiasm that caused the problem.2in excess of something more than a particular amount:  The car reached speeds in excess of 100 miles per hour.3do something to excess to do something too much or too often, so that it may harm you:  Drinking is OK as long as you don’t do it to excess.4excesses [plural] harmful actions that are socially or morally unacceptableexcess of The government was unable to curb the excesses of the secret police. the worst excesses of journalism5[uncountable] behaviour which is not acceptable because it is too extreme:  a long sermon against the dangers of excessCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 4adjectivesworst excesses· He lived through some of the worst excesses of apartheid in South Africa.wild excesses (=very extreme behaviour)· The Press Complaints Commission criticized the wilder excesses of tabloid journalism.verbscurb the excesses of something (=control or limit bad behaviour)· A strong press can help to curb the excesses of government.commit excesses (=do very bad or immoral things, especially hurting or killing people in an unacceptable way)· The excesses committed by a small number of soldiers have ruined the regiment's good name.perpetrate excesses formal (=commit them)· Government forces used the situation as an excuse to perpetrate excesses against suspected rebels.
excess1 nounexcess2 adjective
excessex‧cess2 /ˈekses/ ●●○ adjective [only before noun] Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Excess vitamin D can cause kidney damage in young children.
  • Cut any excess fat from the meat before cooking.
  • Cut off the excess fat from the meat before cooking.
  • The excess pounds had given him a double chin and a neck that made his shirt collar look too tight.
  • The airline charged me $75 for excess baggage.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • If the discount exceeds 20 percent, the excess amount of the discount allowed is considered a taxable wage.
  • In which case it will be able to re-discount the bill to similar institutions who have excess liquidity.
  • Studies show that excess doctors tend to generate extra tests, appointments, procedures and referrals.
  • The excess weight made him look as if he had one normal-sized face superimposed on a much larger one.
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatornot needed because there is already enough
an additional amount that is not wanted or needed because there is already enough of something: · Excess vitamin D can cause kidney damage in young children.· Cut off the excess fat from the meat before cooking.· The excess pounds had given him a double chin and a neck that made his shirt collar look too tight.
the additional amount of something, especially something that you produce or grow, which is more than you need and which can therefore be given or sold to other people: · The Gulf States produce more oil than they need and sell the surplus to the rest of the world.· Government subsidies have resulted in huge grain surpluses.· The budget surplus could be used to hire and train more border guards.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=baggage that weighs more than you are allowed to take on a plane)· Passengers will be charged for excess baggage.
(=the pounds that make you heavier than you should be)· You’ll feel better if you lose the excess weight.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN
· William McCabe, who's sixty-three, is charged with driving with excess alcohol.· Todd yesterday admitted driving with excess alcohol and failing to stop and report an accident.· Despite indiscretions induced by excess alcohol, relations between Stewart and Glenure had not broken down irretrievably.· At an earlier hearing, he'd pleaded guilty to driving with excess alcohol in his blood.· He admitted driving with excess alcohol but said he shouldn't be banned.· He's charged with causing death by dangerous driving, failing to stop and report an accident and driving with excess alcohol.· The most frequent effect of excess alcohol intake on serum lipids is elevation of triglyceride levels.
· With hips at 44.5 inches and thighs at 25 inches, it was no wonder Rudolph had been complaining about excess baggage.· When you had those you could drop, junk and forget the rest, which were only a burden or excess baggage.· And psychically speaking, I can't help feeling they carry a little too much excess baggage.
· The crash also pushed down the output-capital ratio, by an average of one tenth, as excess capacity mounted.· They have, in effect, invested in excess capacity, though whether this was deliberate or accidental is harder to judge.· According to company secretary Lawrence Bland, the aim was to get rid of excess capacity.· First, the assumption that there is no excess capacity is particularly suspect.· Such a large amount of excess capacity must severely impair the effective functioning of the accelerator.· And higher education has enjoyed excess capacity.· With excess capacity and falling profits, firms are likely to cut their investment plans this year.· Shearson yesterday blamed the continued slowdown in market activity and excess capacity for the redundancies.
· All ludicrous examples of local councils wantonly spending excess cash are gratefully received.· Banks are generating record profits and using excess cash to buy out competitors and repurchase their own shares.· Firms raised more external finance than they needed, using the surplus to repay bank debts and build up excess cash.· Stock Repurchases Companies sometimes repurchase their own stock with excess cash rather than pay a dividend.· The next figure of interest, the excess cash sum, is misleading, to say the least.
· Similarly, at interest rates below Oi l, the excess demand for money exerts upward pressure on interest rates.· In short, there is a I 5, 000-bushel shortage of or excess demand for, corn.· If the price level should rise, the real wage would fall, creating an excess demand for labour.· The excess demand is illustrated in Figure 16.2.· Another consequence of the artificially stimulated excess demand for food was the creation of black markets.· It must be stressed that this equilibrium involves no excess demand or supply of any investment asset.· If the ith labour market initially experiences excess demand money wages will rise at a rate.· Faced with this excess demand, the authorities had to ration credit.
· The fried bread surrounding the bacon in the hot plate was simply to create effect and mop up the excess fat.· Spoon out excess fat from the roasting pan, and put the pan on top of the stove.· Trim any excess fat from the lamb, leaving the skin untouched, and rub the joint with salt and pepper.· Wipe off all excess fat and slice thinly to serve.· Trim spare ribs of any excess fat, then place in a large roasting tin.· Skim off excess fat from pan, and add shallots, juniper berries, and bay leaves.· Fry the pork in the pan until well browned, then drain off any excess fat.· Spoon off and discard excess fat.
· The semiconductor devices are all fairly sensitive to excess heat, so don't fry them during soldering!· Much as perspiration cools our own bodies, the sweat of the earth is whisking away the excess heat from its interior.· Mounted round this fairing were the eight radiators used to vent the excess heat produced by the fuel cells into space.· It would offer protection from excess heat as well as from nasty chemicals.· This impairs the circulation which then means that the body can not lose excess heat.· This controls the proximity of any adjacent parts which might be affected by excess heat. 6.· Fuel consumption rises proportionately and excess heat is likely to be generated.· The horse therefore must have a mechanism to remove this excess heat build-up to prevent his body temperature increasing with fatal results.
· Cook the lamb Drain off the excess marinade and reserve, then pat the lamb steaks dry with kitchen paper.· Wipe excess marinade off quail and grill quail, skin side down, over hot coals for 4 to 5 minutes.· Wipe off excess marinade before cooking.
· Davies criticised the DoT severely for failing to claw back excess profits on any subsequent sale.
· Similarly, if the price level should fall, the real wage would rise, creating an excess supply of labour.· Traders said intensifying worries about falling prices and excess supply have sent investors scurrying from the semiconductor sector.· Initially we assume that there is excess supply in both markets.· The result in this case is a 10, 000-bushel surplus or excess supply of corn in the market.· On the other hand, if the initial state is one of excess supply money-wages will fall at a rate.· However, a surplus or excess supply still exists and competition among sellers will once again bid down the price of corn.· In particular, the real wage will adjust spontaneously soas to prevent the emergence of excess supply in the labour market.· The excess supply of money in the domestic money market will push down the rate of interest.
· They provide an effective way of eliminating excess water and salt, and are very safe when properly used.· Use a sponge to clean up the excess water.· The excess water is transferred to areas well away from the square by large-gauge hoses.· Drain off excess water and mix in the seasoning, nutmeg and yoghurt.· Drain the excess water in a cloth but do not re-wash.· This gives a moisture retentive medium, but allows excess water to drain from the roots.· Torrents of water pour into the Ouse River System, sluice gates open and excess water floods the meadows.· Blot wet hair with a towel to remove excess water before applying an intensive conditioner.
· Mission designers are very thorough in eliminating any excess weight from the spacecraft.· The excess weight made him look as if he had one normal-sized face superimposed on a much larger one.· You will already be feeling fitter, healthier, and be starting to shed the first few pounds of excess weight.· I was also concerned at the tendency of some to downplay the effects of excess weight on health.· Losing excess weight entails cutting down on the things you enjoy.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • And psychically speaking, I can't help feeling they carry a little too much excess baggage.
  • When you had those you could drop, junk and forget the rest, which were only a burden or excess baggage.
  • With hips at 44.5 inches and thighs at 25 inches, it was no wonder Rudolph had been complaining about excess baggage.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
  • It was funny at first, but you've carried the joke too far.
1additional and not needed because there is already enough of something:  Cut any excess fat from the meat.2excess baggage/luggage bags or cases that weigh more than the legal limit that you can take on a plane
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