英语词汇“proliferation”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINproliferation

Origin:

1800-1900 French prolifération, from proliférer ‘to proliferate’, from Latin proles; ➔ PROLETARIAN

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

Future advances in technology may disclose other, more sensitive markers of cell proliferation whose predictive accuracy is greater.
Malignant melanoma of the skin is caused by cancerous proliferation of melanocytes.
Neither in Feyerabend's image of theory proliferation nor in Kuhn's paradigm shifts is there any simple model of progress.
Shortening product life cycles and rapid product proliferation mean that investment in innovation is critical in global competition.
The mean proliferation indices within compartments were nearly identical for both assays.
This indicates that the stimulation of cell proliferation may not be the only factor in ulcer healing by sucralfate.
This led to a proliferation of market-dominating, IBM-compatible machines and shrinking market share for Apple.
Where will this proliferation of athletics end?

WORD SETS► Biology

aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► cellular

· This could result from bile acid mediated effects on cellular proliferation through several possible pathways as already discussed.· Both are characterised by a focal or multifocal pattern of distribution, abnormal cellular proliferation, and a genetic component.· Conversely, a low fibre diet did not lead to changes in cellular proliferation which might be associated with mucosal instability.

► mucosal

· We have previously reported how mucosal proliferation may be influenced by proximity to a tumour.· Discussion Our results are consistent with observations in man that mucosal proliferation decreases with distance from the ileocaecal valve to the rectum.· Limited studies have been published on human gastric mucosal cell proliferation and a detailed overview of such work has been published.· Our data are also consistent with observations in man that mucosal proliferation is increased in patients with large adenomas or cancer.· The study of gastric mucosal proliferation may have important clinical applications.

► nuclear

· It has to harry the government to take a less relaxed view on international nuclear proliferation.· Suddenly nuclear proliferation became a high-priority concern in Washington.· Under nuclear proliferation safeguards, plutonium shipments have to be accompanied by armed vessels.· We have to face the fact that there is a bigger risk of nuclear proliferation at present than the world has ever known.· Lugar has devoted most of his ad time and speeches to foreign policy, particularly the threat of nuclear proliferation.· The legislation stated that the plant posed serious environmental hazards and increased the risk of nuclear proliferation.· Discussions of future reactor safety should revolve about two critical issues: nuclear waste disposal and nuclear weapons proliferation.

NOUN► cell

· This indicates that the stimulation of cell proliferation may not be the only factor in ulcer healing by sucralfate.· Future advances in technology may disclose other, more sensitive markers of cell proliferation whose predictive accuracy is greater.· Supplementary dietary calcium has been shown in some studies to reduce colonic cell proliferation in man.· It is thought to reflect defective cell proliferation control and delayed onset of normal differentiation.· Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical technique although a promising method of assessing cell proliferation has yet to be fully standardised.· A similar paradox pertains in the relationship between dietary fibre, colonic cell proliferation, and experimental carcinogenesis.· Oat bran has been shown to increase tumourigenesis yet it does not effect colonic cell proliferation.· Several theories of the factors causing smooth muscle cell proliferation have been made.

VERB► lead

· For it is easy to think of other examples where the lexical choice will lead to a further proliferation of senses.· This led to a proliferation of market-dominating, IBM-compatible machines and shrinking market share for Apple.

► prevent

· CsA prevents T-cell proliferation by blocking the calcium-activated pathway leading to interleukin-2 transcription.· We will in addition work for a global ban on chemical and biological weapons and stronger controls to prevent proliferation of ballistic missiles.· Thus, it remains essential to maintain adequate defences against such dictators and to prevent the further proliferation of nuclear arms.

单词	proliferation
释义	proliferationpro‧lif‧e‧ra‧tion /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən/ noun Word Origin WORD ORIGINproliferation Origin: 1800-1900 French prolifération, from proliférer ‘to proliferate’, from Latin proles; ➔ PROLETARIAN Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Future advances in technology may disclose other, more sensitive markers of cell proliferation whose predictive accuracy is greater. Malignant melanoma of the skin is caused by cancerous proliferation of melanocytes. Neither in Feyerabend's image of theory proliferation nor in Kuhn's paradigm shifts is there any simple model of progress. Shortening product life cycles and rapid product proliferation mean that investment in innovation is critical in global competition. The mean proliferation indices within compartments were nearly identical for both assays. This indicates that the stimulation of cell proliferation may not be the only factor in ulcer healing by sucralfate. This led to a proliferation of market-dominating, IBM-compatible machines and shrinking market share for Apple. Where will this proliferation of athletics end? word sets WORD SETS► Biology aerobic, adjectiveafterbirth, nounalgae, nounalimentary canal, nounamber, nounameba, nounamino acid, nounamoeba, nounanaconda, nounanaerobic, adjectiveandrogynous, adjectiveantibody, nounantigen, nounantitoxin, nounappendage, nounarm, nounarmour, nounasexual, adjectiveassimilation, nounatrophy, verbaviary, nounbacteria, nounbacteriology, nounbarnacle, nounbile, nounbinocular vision, nounbio-, prefixbiochemistry, nounbiodegradable, adjectivebiodiversity, nounbiohazard, nounbiological, adjectivebiological clock, nounbiology, nounbiomass, nounbiome, nounbiosphere, nounblind, nounbrain, nounbreathe, verbbreed, verbbreed, nounbreeding, nounbristle, nounbulb, nouncapsule, nouncarbohydrate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarnivore, nouncell, nouncellular, adjectivecellulose, nouncentral nervous system, nouncervical, adjectivecholesterol, nounchromosome, nouncirculation, nouncirculatory, adjectiveclass, nounclone, nouncold-blooded, adjectiveconceive, verbconch, nounconnective tissue, nouncopulate, verbcoral reef, nouncornea, nouncoronary, adjectivecorpuscle, nouncortex, nouncortisone, nouncowrie, nouncrab, nouncrawfish, nouncrayfish, nouncreature, nouncross, verbcrossbreed, nounculture, nouncytoplasm, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdefecate, verbdenizen, noundextrose, noundiaphragm, noundigest, verbdigestion, noundigestive, adjectiveDNA, noundorsal, adjectivedry rot, nounduct, noundwarf, noundwarf, adjectiveecological, adjectiveecology, nounecosystem, nounegg, nounejaculate, verbembryo, nounembryonic, adjectiveenzyme, nounepidermis, nounevolution, nounevolutionary, adjectiveexcrement, nounexcrescence, nounexcrete, verbexcretion, nounexhale, verbexoskeleton, nounextinction, nounfaeces, nounfamily, nounfang, nounfat, nounfatty acid, nounfauna, nounfeces, nounfeed, verbfemale, adjectivefemale, nounferment, verbferment, nounfertile, adjectivefertility, nounfertilize, verbfission, nounflank, nounflatulence, nounflesh, nounfleshy, adjectiveflightless, adjectiveflora, nounfoetal, adjectivefoetus, nounfoliage, nounfossil, nounfreak, nounfreshwater, adjectivefructose, noungamete, nounganglion, noungene, noungene pool, noungenera, genetic, adjectivegenetic code, noungenetic engineering, noungenetic fingerprinting, noungenetics, noungenome, noungenus, noungestation, noungland, nounglandular, adjectiveglucose, noungluten, noungonad, noungrass snake, noungrow, verbgrowth, nounhabitat, nounhaemoglobin, nounhearing, nounheart, nounhemisphere, nounherbivore, nounhereditary, adjectiveheredity, nounhermaphrodite, nounhibernate, verbhistamine, nounhoming, adjectivehormone, nounhost, nounimpregnate, verbimpulse, nounincubate, verbindigenous, adjectiveinfected, adjectiveinfertile, adjectiveinfest, verbingest, verbinhale, verbinseminate, verbinsensate, adjectiveinsulin, nounintegument, nounintercourse, nouninterferon, nounintestine, nouninvertebrate, nouninvoluntary, adjectiveiris, nounjaw, nounjelly, nounkidney, nounkrill, nounlactate, verblactation, nounlactic acid, nounleech, nounleg, nounlesser, adjectivelichen, nounlife, nounlife cycle, nounlife form, nounligament, nounlimb, nounlimpet, nounlipid, nounliver, nounliving fossil, nounlocomotion, nounlymph, nounlymph node, nounmale, adjectivemale, nounmammal, nounmandible, nounmate, nounmate, verbmembrane, nounmetabolism, nounmetabolize, verbmetamorphosis, nounmicrobe, nounmicrobiology, nounmicroorganism, nounmicroscopic, adjectivemigrate, verbmigratory, adjectivemiscarriage, nounmolar, nounmorphology, nounmotor, adjectivemould, nounmouth, nounmucous membrane, nounmucus, nounmulticellular, adjectivemuscle, nounmuscular, adjectivemutant, nounmutate, verbmutation, nounnatural history, nounnatural selection, nounnature, nounneck, nounnectar, nounnerve, nounnervous, adjectivenervous system, nounneural, adjectiveneuro-, prefixneurology, nounnode, nounnose, nounnostril, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounnutriment, nounoesophagus, nounoestrogen, nounolfactory, adjectiveoptic, adjectiveorgan, nounorganic, adjectiveorganic chemistry, nounorganism, nounorifice, nounossify, verbosteo-, prefixoutgrowth, nounova, ovary, nounoverwinter, verboviduct, nounoviparous, adjectiveovulate, verbovum, nounparasite, nounpathogen, nounpedigree, nounpelvic, adjectivepelvis, nounpenile, adjectivepenis, nounpepsin, nounperiod, nounperspiration, nounperspire, verbphotosynthesis, nounphylum, nounpigment, nounpigmentation, nounplankton, nounplasma, nounpollinate, verbpostnatal, adjectivepregnancy, nounpregnant, adjectivepremature, adjectiveprenatal, adjectiveproduct, nounproliferation, nounpropagate, verbprotein, nounprotoplasm, nounprotozoan, nounpuberty, nounpulmonary, adjectivepulp, nounpulsation, nounputrefy, verbputrid, adjectivered blood cell, nounregurgitate, verbrenal, adjectivereproduce, verbreproduction, nounreproductive, adjectiverespiration, nounrespiratory, adjectiverespire, verbretina, nounroot, nounrot, verbrot, nounruff, nounsac, nounsaliva, nounsalivary gland, nounsalivate, verbsaltwater, adjectivescale, nounscallop, nounscaly, adjectivesebaceous, adjectivesecrete, verbsecretion, nounsemen, nounsense organ, nounsensory, adjectiveserum, nounsex, nounsex, verbsexless, adjectivesexual intercourse, nounsheath, nounshell, nounsibling, nounskeletal, adjectiveskeleton, nounskin, nounskull, nounspasm, nounspasmodic, adjectivespecies, nounspecimen, nounsperm, nounspiderweb, nounspinal cord, nounspine, nounspineless, adjectivestarch, nounstem cell, nounstimulate, verbstimulus, nounstrain, nounsubject, nounsubspecies, nounsucker, nounsucrose, nounsweat, verbsweat, nounsweat gland, nounsymbiosis, nounsystemic, adjectivetail, nountaxonomy, nounteeth, testosterone, nountest-tube baby, nountissue, nountrachea, nountube, noununicellular, adjectiveurethra, nounuric, adjectiveurinate, verburine, nounvariety, nounvector, nounvein, nounvenom, nounvenomous, adjectiveventricle, nounvertebra, nounvertebrate, nounvivisection, nounwarm-blooded, adjectivewean, verbwildlife, nounwindpipe, nounyolk, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► cellular · This could result from bile acid mediated effects on cellular proliferation through several possible pathways as already discussed.· Both are characterised by a focal or multifocal pattern of distribution, abnormal cellular proliferation, and a genetic component.· Conversely, a low fibre diet did not lead to changes in cellular proliferation which might be associated with mucosal instability. ► mucosal · We have previously reported how mucosal proliferation may be influenced by proximity to a tumour.· Discussion Our results are consistent with observations in man that mucosal proliferation decreases with distance from the ileocaecal valve to the rectum.· Limited studies have been published on human gastric mucosal cell proliferation and a detailed overview of such work has been published.· Our data are also consistent with observations in man that mucosal proliferation is increased in patients with large adenomas or cancer.· The study of gastric mucosal proliferation may have important clinical applications. ► nuclear · It has to harry the government to take a less relaxed view on international nuclear proliferation.· Suddenly nuclear proliferation became a high-priority concern in Washington.· Under nuclear proliferation safeguards, plutonium shipments have to be accompanied by armed vessels.· We have to face the fact that there is a bigger risk of nuclear proliferation at present than the world has ever known.· Lugar has devoted most of his ad time and speeches to foreign policy, particularly the threat of nuclear proliferation.· The legislation stated that the plant posed serious environmental hazards and increased the risk of nuclear proliferation.· Discussions of future reactor safety should revolve about two critical issues: nuclear waste disposal and nuclear weapons proliferation. NOUN► cell · This indicates that the stimulation of cell proliferation may not be the only factor in ulcer healing by sucralfate.· Future advances in technology may disclose other, more sensitive markers of cell proliferation whose predictive accuracy is greater.· Supplementary dietary calcium has been shown in some studies to reduce colonic cell proliferation in man.· It is thought to reflect defective cell proliferation control and delayed onset of normal differentiation.· Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical technique although a promising method of assessing cell proliferation has yet to be fully standardised.· A similar paradox pertains in the relationship between dietary fibre, colonic cell proliferation, and experimental carcinogenesis.· Oat bran has been shown to increase tumourigenesis yet it does not effect colonic cell proliferation.· Several theories of the factors causing smooth muscle cell proliferation have been made. VERB► lead · For it is easy to think of other examples where the lexical choice will lead to a further proliferation of senses.· This led to a proliferation of market-dominating, IBM-compatible machines and shrinking market share for Apple. ► prevent · CsA prevents T-cell proliferation by blocking the calcium-activated pathway leading to interleukin-2 transcription.· We will in addition work for a global ban on chemical and biological weapons and stronger controls to prevent proliferation of ballistic missiles.· Thus, it remains essential to maintain adequate defences against such dictators and to prevent the further proliferation of nuclear arms. 1[singular, uncountable] a sudden increase in the amount or number of somethingproliferation of the proliferation of global media networks2[uncountable] the very fast growth of new parts of a living thing, such as cells
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