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单词 discrimination
释义
discriminationdi‧scrim‧i‧na‧tion /dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən/ ●●○ noun [uncountable] Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • a plan to tackle racial discrimination in the police force
  • a sex discrimination case
  • Federal law forbids discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or color.
  • He believed his boss had violated the age discrimination law.
  • Immigrants faced harassment and discrimination, and were paid considerably less than their white colleagues.
  • In 1974 IBM became the first American company to bar discrimination against gay workers.
  • Laws have got to be tougher to stop discrimination against the disabled.
  • Many women still face sex discrimination in the military.
  • racial discrimination
  • The company was found guilty of racial discrimination, and was ordered to renew Ms. Jayalalitha's employment contract.
  • The Department was notorious for its blatant discrimination against non-U.S. citizen employees.
  • The most common victims of age discrimination are employees in their mid-50s.
  • The policy forbids any form of discrimination against gay and lesbian students.
  • They managed to reform American law, and ban racial and religious discrimination in housing, schools, and the workplace.
  • White-male fears of reverse discrimination have been widely exaggerated.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • But unfair discrimination can keep women from the opportunity to become a boss.
  • In the past few weeks the government has once again blocked an attempt to give disabled people legal protection against discrimination.
  • It did not outlaw indirect discrimination and indeed the concept of indirect discrimination did not appear in the legislation.
  • No legal framework prevails to enable disabled people to counteract discrimination, unfair employment practices, problems of access, etc.
  • Political repression and racial discrimination were at a high point.
  • The result continues to be discrimination.
  • The truth is that social discrimination continues, somewhat attenuated in the North, but hardly at all attenuated in the South.
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from you in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc: · racial prejudice· prejudice against women
the practice of treating one group of people differently from another in an unfair way: · There is widespread discrimination against older people.· the laws on sex discrimination
an unreasonable refusal to accept beliefs, customs, and ways of thinking that are different from your own: · religious intolerance· There is an atmosphere of intolerance in the media.
a completely unreasonable hatred for people of a different race, religion etc, based on strong and fixed opinions: · religious bigotry· the bigotry directed at Jews and other ethnic groups
unfair treatment of people because they belong to a different race: · Many black people have been the victims of racism in Britain.· Some immigrant groups faced racism, for example Jews and Italians, while others, such as Scandinavians, did not.
the belief that one sex, especially women, is weaker, less intelligent etc than the other, especially when this results in someone being treated unfairly: · sexism in language· She accused him of sexism.
(also agism American English) unfair treatment of people because they are old: · The new law aims to stop ageism in the workplace.
prejudice towards or hatred of gay people: · homophobia in the armed forces
hatred and fear of foreigners: · the xenophobia of the right-wing press
a strong feeling of hatred toward Jewish people: · Is anti-Semitism on the increase?
hatred and fear of Muslims: · the rise of Islamophobia and right-wing extremism in Europe
unfair public criticism of gay people, union members, the American government etc: · The minister was accused of union bashing.· There's so much America-bashing in the liberal press.
Longman Language Activatornot having equal rights
when people do not have the same rights or opportunities in their education, their jobs etc, because of their sex, race, or social class: · The report looks at inequality in education.· There are still a lot of inequalities in society.social/sexual/racial inequality: · Social inequality tended to increase rather than lessen in the 1980s.
when people are treated unfairly because of their race, sex, age etc: · Federal law forbids discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or color. · Immigrants faced harassment and discrimination, and were paid considerably less than their white colleagues.discrimination against: · Laws have got to be tougher to stop discrimination against the disabled.· In 1974 IBM became the first American company to bar discrimination against gay workers. discrimination in: · They managed to reform American law, and ban racial and religious discrimination in housing, schools, and the workplace.racial/sex/age discrimination: · The most common victims of age discrimination are employees in their mid-50s.· The company was found guilty of racial discrimination, and was ordered to renew Ms. Jayalalitha's employment contract. anti-discrimination law/legislation/policy (=a law etc that forbids discrimination): · An insurance company is being investigated under federal anti-discrimination laws for refusing home insurance to a black Ohio couple.
unequal treatment, relationships, conditions etc are unfair to some of the people involved because they do not have equal rights or advantages: · The unequal distribution of wealth is a feature of our system of government.· When people are forced to compete on unequal terms they become resentful.· It was an unequal relationship. He was rich, powerful and experienced -- I was very young and naive.
unfair treatment because of someone's race, sex, age etc
: discrimination against · The Department was notorious for its blatant discrimination against non-U.S. citizen employees.· The policy forbids any form of discrimination against gay and lesbian students.racial discrimination (=discrimination because of someone's race) · a plan to tackle racial discrimination in the police forcesexual/sex/gender discrimination (=discrimination because of someone's sex) · a sex discrimination caseage discrimination (=discrimination because of someone's age, especially if they are quite old) · He believed his boss had violated the age discrimination law.reverse discrimination (=the practice of treating unfairly a group of people who usually have advantages, in order to be fair to people who do not have those advantages) · White-male fears of reverse discrimination have been widely exaggerated.
to treat someone unfairly because of their race, sex, age etc - use this especially about companies, the police, judges etc: · Shaun says he has definitely been discriminated against because he's black.· Why do so many companies think it's OK to discriminate against older people?
when people do not like or trust someone who is different, for example because they belong to a different race, country, religion etc: · For years he has fought against prejudice and racial hatred.prejudice against: · a rising prejudice against gaysracial prejudice (=prejudice because of someone's race): · The number of hate crimes spurred by racial prejudice is increasing in our state.
when people do not have the same rights or opportunities in their education, their jobs etc, because of their sex, race, or social class: inequality in: · The report looks at inequality in education.inequality between: · The study shows that large inequalities still exist between men and women.inequality of/in: · Most of the complaints centered on the inequality of the justice system.social/sexual/racial etc inequality: · Social inequality is likely to increase in the 21st century.· signs of economic inequality
discriminatory laws, systems etc treat one particular group in society, such as women or black people, unfairly: · Congress is to launch an inquiry into discriminatory acts by immigration officials.· The government enacted laws to protect women from discriminatory employment practices.· Was there evidence of discriminatory treatment?
an attitude or belief, usually about the way you should behave, that is unfairly thought to be correct for one group in society but not for another: · Their action is designed to call attention to the double standards operating in the Mexican judicial system.· What disturbs me most is the racial double standard that exists in foreign policy: Predominantly white countries are given aid and attention while predominantly non-white countries are ignored.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + discrimination
· Laws have been passed banning racial discrimination.
(also gender discrimination formal)· She claimed she’d been the victim of sex discrimination.
· Age discrimination disadvantages older workers.
· There must be an end to religious discrimination.
(=not giving someone a job because of their race, sex etc)· Progress has been made in eliminating job discrimination.
(=at the place where people work)· The new law aims to bring an end to workplace discrimination.
(=not allowed by law)· The European Court of Justice decided that she had been the subject of unlawful discrimination.
verbs
· Government figures suggest that ethnic minorities face discrimination looking for jobs.
· The purpose of the law is to end discrimination in the workplace.
phrases
(=someone who has experienced discrimination)· Victims of discrimination have the right to make a complaint.
· Discrimination on the grounds of nationality is prohibited.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
· laws against age discrimination in the workplace
(=when one gender is treated unfairly)· Her research investigates gender bias in the classroom.
(=when particular races of people are treated unfairly)· We found no evidence of racial discrimination.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· The Department of Defense was notorious in its blatant discrimination against its non-U.
· Older workers also experience more direct forms of discrimination.· His transfer to current affairs was blocked - the result, he still believes, of direct political discrimination.· Further, the limited evidence points to both indirect and direct discrimination within the social security system.
· It did not outlaw indirect discrimination and indeed the concept of indirect discrimination did not appear in the legislation.· The second type of discrimination, indirect discrimination, is to deal with the more hidden forms of bias.· They are what is meant by indirect discrimination.· While schools and housing were required to tackle indirect discrimination, Whitehall was looking after its own.· Further, the limited evidence points to both indirect and direct discrimination within the social security system.· An equivalent definition of indirect race discrimination occurs in the Race Relations Act 1976.
· There may have been reasons for this lack of positive discrimination towards the older conurbations.· The report did not call for positive discrimination but suggested that male, old-school attitudes still prevailed in hospitals.· This suggests positive discrimination in favour of older people.· Inevitably it will include strong elements of positive discrimination.· This was a form of positive discrimination in favour of locals.· The caste system, he says, will never be abolished by social reform or positive discrimination in favour of Untouchables.· There were, however, a number of variables other than positive discrimination policies, which accounted for this relationship.· Even with a more aggressive policy of positive discrimination, it is doubtful whether geographical inequalities can be overcome.
· Business is booming for an Avis franchisee in the Carolinas despite well-publicized allegations of racial discrimination against customers.· Is he guilty of racial discrimination?· Co. have sued the securities firm for alleged racial discrimination over an electronic mailing they said contained racist jokes.· Failure to select a suitable candidate because of age is often a covert form of racial and gender discrimination.· He also reported that racial discrimination was endemic in the schools of employees' children.· New Hanover executives have denied requests for comment on the charges of racial discrimination.
· It had previously been notorious in some areas for the manipulation of electoral boundaries and for the practice of religious discrimination.· Students do not need to be victims of racism, sexism, religious discrimination, or homophobia to feel like outsiders.· To begin with, Catholics objected to religious discrimination reflected in the unfair allocation of jobs, housing and industrial investment.· The report that documents their findings includes an appendix with 108 anecdotes by Princeton students of racial or religious harassment or discrimination.
· At this point the debate over the civil rights bill merged into a wider national debate concerning the legitimacy of reverse discrimination.· The fact is that both the benefits of affirmative action and the white-male fears of reverse discrimination have been exaggerated.· Thomas was renowned as a vigorous opponent of affirmative action or reverse discrimination, espousing minority self-help rather than racial quotas.· She does think it is sometimes reverse discrimination but wonders how else people will move up.· There are a number of legal formulae by which any suggestion of reverse discrimination is ruled out.
· As for Mr Gilbert, an industrial tribunal dismissed his claim of unfair discrimination.· But unfair discrimination can keep women from the opportunity to become a boss.
· A finding of unlawful discrimination may be made even though the employer has no intention to discriminate.· This leads us to consider the meaning of unlawful discrimination.· Such legislation gives individuals the right of direct access to the civil courts and industrial tribunals for legal remedies for unlawful discrimination.· But it is not only at the recruitment stage that age ranges can be unlawful discrimination.
NOUN
· Arbitrary age discrimination can affect everyone.· There is lots of age discrimination in the world of jobs.· There is also evidence that the economic effects of age discrimination are harsher in Britain than other comparable countries.· So how did Mrs Price win her case when she was alleging age discrimination.· The city dropped the age limitation just before a law enforcement exemption to federal age discrimination laws expired in 1993.· The major cost of age discrimination is economic dependency, the most extreme form of which is poverty.· Court records show Steve Forbes was sued for age discrimination by his 65-year-old secretary.
· No discrimination case, though, was as bizarre as the one that arose when I was representing Guardian National Bank.· These rules vastly increased the number of discrimination cases that could be won or settled favorably out of court.
· The Bill sought to prohibit employment discrimination against qualified disabled persons on the ground of their disability.· Blacks were demonstrating against employment discrimination and a lack of political representation.
· Women's groups also resented the imposition of limits for gender discrimination while damages for racial bias were unlimited.· They started out as a radically inclusive spiritual fellowship in which race and gender discrimination virtually disappeared.· Failure to select a suitable candidate because of age is often a covert form of racial and gender discrimination.· Justice Ginsburg has actually built her career on pushing for stricter standards on gender discrimination.· The sharia resurgence has created social complications and gender discrimination.· In the process, Clementsen has become a talking point in the debate over gender discrimination.· Some large private companies are also quietly adjusting their pay structure to remove race and gender discrimination.
· That interpretation was widely viewed as favoring business over minority and female employees attempting to charge job discrimination.· Boxer said she might support the marriage bill if it is amended to prohibit job discrimination against gays and lesbians.· Was I supposed to sit idly by until I, or some one I knew, encountered more job discrimination?· Bradley said the bill that passed was much weaker than the original version, which spelled out remedies for job discrimination.· They have exerted a definite deterrent effect on the previous job discrimination experienced by epileptics and other people with medical handicaps.· Local and national epilepsy organizations can also be helpful to those experiencing employment problems or job discrimination.
· Nevertheless, other lessons from abroad will need to be learnt before any new disability discrimination law can work.· The city dropped the age limitation just before a law enforcement exemption to federal age discrimination laws expired in 1993.· Disability discrimination law is remarkably sensitive to this argument.
· Then, in 1994, he was approached by a colleague to work on a race discrimination lawsuit against Texaco Inc.· The settlement is the largest ever in a U.S. race discrimination lawsuit, according to the U.S.· He was a key figure in a discrimination lawsuit aimed at integrating the department.
· There are at least three important possibilities: cost-based pricing, valued-based pricing and price discrimination.· Third, price discrimination may appear in the guise of loyalty bonuses, rebates, and discounts.· You can therefore think of this as a price discrimination problem with one producer and two markets.· This article does not propose to explain the theory behind profit maximisation with price discrimination.· Passport schemes are a price discrimination device which allows subsidies to be directed towards target groups.· Division A will see its own price discrimination problem.· Bureaus can thus under some conditions exercise wage and factor price discrimination.· This dictum applies particularly to price discrimination and vertical restraints.
· As with race discrimination, damages can not be awarded if the discrimination is found to have been unintentional.· Then, in 1994, he was approached by a colleague to work on a race discrimination lawsuit against Texaco Inc.· An equivalent definition of indirect race discrimination occurs in the Race Relations Act 1976.· The settlement is the largest ever in a U.S. race discrimination lawsuit, according to the U.S.
VERB
· Government complaints alleging racial discrimination in rental policies have al ready been filed in Miami and Minneapolis.· McAuliffe, for alleged discrimination because he is HIV-positive.· She complained to an industrial tribunal alleging discrimination on the basis of the age range specified and she was successful.· Co. have sued the securities firm for alleged racial discrimination over an electronic mailing they said contained racist jokes.· BActress Hunter Tylo is alleging wrongful termination and discrimination.· The parents' civil-rights complaint also alleges discrimination in other sports and outlined problems ranging from inconsistent discipline to withholding opportunities.
· The President signed legislation banning discrimination against the disabled on June 26.
· Sometimes the only way to end discrimination against older people is to offer positive measures to suit their special needs.· Government is still free-and required-to move decisively to end discrimination when it happens, case by case, he said.· Similar attempts to end discrimination in jobs and housing also created new stresses between the races.· Brown demonstrated that courageous leadership can make a difference in ending racial discrimination, perhaps more so than bureaucratic bean-counting exercises.· Mr Mullin said that any attempt to persuade clubs to end discrimination by blocking their entitlement to rates relief was illegal.· But Clinton will work hard for legislation to end discrimination against gays in the workplace, he said.· This kind of approach should end discrimination.· It was charged with finding and ending racial discrimination in war industries under government contract.
· Both communities suffer continual harassment from a blatantly racist police force, they face discrimination in courts and in prison.· Some groups consistently face discrimination: age is one mode of socially structured disadvantage.
· That day Khader decided she would devote her life to fighting discrimination against women.· At the end of the draft, the platform spells out the traditional Democratic support for fighting discrimination and protecting civil rights.· And he has taken steps to help Gypsies find jobs and fight discrimination.· If I became a lawyer, I could fight discrimination daily.
· According to numerous opinion polls, they solidly oppose the kinds of discrimination that Cardinal Ratzinger condoned.
· It did not outlaw indirect discrimination and indeed the concept of indirect discrimination did not appear in the legislation.· A Cabinet report does not, however, favour legislation to outlaw age discrimination.
· The Bill sought to prohibit employment discrimination against qualified disabled persons on the ground of their disability.· Boxer said she might support the marriage bill if it is amended to prohibit job discrimination against gays and lesbians.· The Act prohibits discrimination on the grounds of race, colour or nationality.· He has revised regulations to prohibit discrimination against gays serving in federal government.· As a result of increased public interest, more than a dozen states have passed laws that prohibit insurers from genetic discrimination.· California law prohibits housing discrimination based on marital status.· Recent federal laws prohibiting discrimination based upon a handicap or other health related conditions have been helpful.
· Hanoi also accepted back more than 100,000 refugees, who are said to have suffered virtually no discrimination on their return.· The protesters, some of whom told how they had suffered from discrimination, were nearly all high school or college age.· It is plainly true that in our society blacks have suffered discrimination immeasurably greater than any directed at other racial groups.
Word family
WORD FAMILYnoundiscriminationadjectivediscriminatoryverbdiscriminate
1the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way:  laws to prevent discriminationdiscrimination against widespread discrimination against older people in the job marketdiscrimination in favour of discrimination in favour of university graduatesracial/sex/religious etc discrimination (=treating someone unfairly because of their race, sex etc) → positive discrimination, reverse discrimination
► see thesaurus at prejudice2the ability to recognize the difference between two or more things, especially the difference in their quality:  shape discriminationCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + discriminationracial/race discrimination· Laws have been passed banning racial discrimination.sex/sexual discrimination (also gender discrimination formal)· She claimed she’d been the victim of sex discrimination.age discrimination· Age discrimination disadvantages older workers.religious discrimination· There must be an end to religious discrimination.job/employment discrimination (=not giving someone a job because of their race, sex etc)· Progress has been made in eliminating job discrimination.workplace discrimination (=at the place where people work)· The new law aims to bring an end to workplace discrimination.unlawful discrimination (=not allowed by law)· The European Court of Justice decided that she had been the subject of unlawful discrimination.verbsexperience/face discrimination· Government figures suggest that ethnic minorities face discrimination looking for jobs.end/outlaw discrimination· The purpose of the law is to end discrimination in the workplace.phrasesa victim of discrimination (=someone who has experienced discrimination)· Victims of discrimination have the right to make a complaint.discrimination on the grounds/basis of something· Discrimination on the grounds of nationality is prohibited.
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