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单词 principal
释义
principal1 adjectiveprincipal2 noun
principalprin‧ci‧pal1 /ˈprɪnsəpəl/ ●●○ W2 AWL adjective [only before noun] Word Origin
WORD ORIGINprincipal1
Origin:
1200-1300 Old French, Latin principalis, from princeps; ➔ PRINCE
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Oil is the country's principal source of income.
  • Your taxes depend on where your principal residence is located.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • After about two miles, I take the left fork and keep to the principal route.
  • And in fact public shaming was one of the principal functions of police registration and surveillance.
  • Drafting cables to be dispatched to Washington is one of the principal occupations of the foreign service officer in the field.
  • The principal component, as always, is lack of language proficiency.
  • The principal method of inquiry is analysis of company records and other contemporary sources.
  • The important properties of these three principal volcanic rock groups can be summarized in simple tables.
Thesaurus
THESAURUSmost important
[only before noun] most important: · What was your main aim?· the principal reason for their decision· the chief cause of the recession
[usually before noun] one of the most important or serious things: · Smoking is a major cause of heart disease.· Street crime is a major problem.
[usually before noun] most important – used especially when talking about the main thing that people are discussing, worried about, or trying to do: · Education will be the central issue in the election.· Our primary concern is passenger safety.
formal more important than anything else, so that you must consider it when deciding what to do: · Airport security is of paramount importance.· The needs of the students are paramount.
larger or more important than all the others: · the main entrance of the building· the main reason for his decision
most important. Chief and principal are more formal than main, and are often used in written English: · Coffee is the country’s principal export.· What is the company’s chief objective?
very important or serious: · Smoking is a major cause of heart disease.· Street crime is becoming a major problem.
most important, or the one that everything or everyone else depends on: · Education is likely to be a key issue in the election campaign.· Hooper was a key member of the team.· Diet is key.
especially spoken most important or best – this phrase sounds a little informal and it is used especially in spoken English: · Reliability is the number one priority.· the number one cause of death· He is still in the number one position.
most important – used especially about the most important aim, role, cause, or concern. Primary is more formal than main: · The primary aim of the project was to help students develop their communication skills.· Security is our primary concern.· The primary function of the university was considered to be the teaching of ‘the great cultural disciplines’.
very important or most important – used especially about the most important reason, cause, or aim, or about the most likely target or suspect.Prime is more formal than main: · Their prime objective is to increase profits for their shareholders.· Tourists are prime targets for theft and robbery.
most important – used especially about the things that people should pay most attention to: · the core skills of reading and writing· He wants the company to focus on its core business – advertising.· The party’s core values are individual freedom and reducing the amount of government bureaucracy.
most important and having more influence than anything else: · The U.S. played a central role in the peace negotiations.· a central theme of the book· The central question is, why are people still so attached to their cars?
most common, typical, or important: · Yellow was the predominant colour everywhere.· High arched windows are a predominant feature in English churches.· New York still has a predominant role in the contemporary art world.·
Longman Language Activatormore important than anything else
more important than anything else: · Ben's main problem was lack of money.· You should clearly state your main idea at the beginning of the essay.· We walked up the stairs to the main entrance of the building.· The main reason kids don't get vaccinated is that parents don't realize how important it is.
more important than anything else. Chief and principal mean the same as main , but they are used especially in written or formal English: · Coffee is the country's principal export.· Kendall's chief complaint about the opera is that the characters are not historically accurate.· The chief purpose of the march was to draw attention to the poor condition of schools.
one of the most important or serious things - use this especially when there is a small number of really important things, but a larger number of less important things: · Smoking is a major cause of heart disease.· I thought we agreed to talk to each other before making any major decisions.major city (=large and important city): · Gang activity that was limited to major cities has now spilled over to towns and rural areas.
a key person or thing is one that is the most important because everything depends on them: · We don't have much time, so let's concentrate on the key issues.· Transport and communications are key areas of the economy.be key to (doing) something: · Laws are key to maintaining an orderly society.
: primary concern/responsibility/reason/role etc the most important one: · As always, security is our primary concern.· Financial reward is the primary reason most people work.
: prime suspect/target/candidate the one most likely to be chosen: · Tourists are prime targets for theft and robbery. · The FBI regarded him as its prime suspect in the case.· Cheryl is a prime candidate for the new managerial position.
more noticeable, more powerful, or more common than others: · Yellow is the predominant color in most of his paintings.· When we visited the country, our predominant impression was one of poverty and hardship.
use this about the main and most important parts of a subject, activity, plan etc: · We concentrate most on teaching the core skills of reading, writing, and mathematics.· The government will discuss what they say are the core issues of education and health care.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=acting the most important part)· Schwarzenegger was one of Hollywood’s leading actors.
· The country’s main aim was to slow inflation.
· The president said his primary concern was the welfare of the American people.
· Agricultural products are the country’s principal exports.
· The prime minister was one of the main guests at the event.
· This research project has three main objectives.
(=a main witness)· The principal witness was too ill to testify.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN
· For others, governments are to provide the main resources for and be the principal actors in public communication.· Thus the Father had been the principal actor during the period of the Old Testament.· Reporters try to establish what the unfolding events mean to the principal actors concerned.· It is a simplification to banish all but the principal actors from the international stage.
· Musical variety seems to have been Campra's principal aim in nearly half of his later cantatas.· The principal aim of this exploratory research is to gain a better understanding of franchising and the franchising decision.· A principal aim is, of course, to present the pupils successfully for external exams.· The principal aim is to raise awareness among workers and employers of hazards in the workplace.· One of its principal aims is to make sure that those with disabilities can lead lives that are as normal as possible.· The principal aim of the project is to provide an answer to this question.· The principal aim seems to be to find out how far it can be extended.· To render capitalism more humane and efficient was the principal aim of the professional expert.
· Another example is that of index linked loans which may be redeemable at the principal amount multiplied by an index.
· Savas was principal author of the early drafts of the National Urban Policy Report.
· We asked principal carers, therefore, which of a list of symptoms the person they cared for suffered from.· These can be drawn out from within the history of a caring relationship particularly where there is a principal carer taking responsibility.· We re-interviewed those principal carers whose relatives, etc had moved to permanent institutional care by the end of one year.· Table 5.2 shows the relationship of the principal carer to the dementia sufferer.· How, therefore, did principal carers view the dementia sufferer's continued home care?· The changing patterns of marriage and companionate relationships will also expand the range of principal carers.
· He used Pareto analysis to identify the principal cause as a loose loading arm.· Deficiencies in the local infrastructure were assumed to be the principal cause of community distress.· However it is also the principal cause of their weaknesses.· Equipment problems were considered to be the principal cause of inaccurate measurements. 6.· Drugs aside, nitrate over 100 mg/litre is the principal cause.· Nor is it much concerned with exceptions to the rule that, to every effect, there is one principal cause.· All the measures that I catalogued earlier will help to reduce vehicle emissions - the principal cause of bad air.· He could not accept that the goal or end of a process, the final cause, was the principal cause.
· The principal characters, Larissa Toren and Armel Santores, teach literature and literary theory at two equally radical universities.· And three of the principal characters are women.· As well as the two principal characters, there were a warrior, to do the calling away, and two attendants.· The title is, as the story reveals, the name of the principal character who is a man.
· The principal component, as always, is lack of language proficiency.· The programme plots speakers in terms of their scores on two principal components, represented as axes of the graph.· The first principal component, carrying 50 percent of the original variance, was dominated by land-cover differences in the rural area.· A second widely-used transform is that of principal components.· The final attempt at classification involved a supervised classification of principal components, 2, 3 and 4.· The decline in information content from principal component 1 to principal component 4 does not need any verbal description.· The first principal component has most information and hence the greatest contrast and least noise.
· Floirat also owned luxury hotels, the principal concern of the new conglomerate Matra-Hachette.· One of the principal concerns in La Strada is the loss of potential, the elimination of creative possibility.· Quality a principal concern Each product manufactured by Janssen Chimica is quality tested at least three times, depending upon the requirements.· For the moment our principal concern will be to enquire into the forces which produce deviations of p, from,.· The Army had no capital ships or aircraft to worry about: manpower was its principal concern.· There seem to have been two principal concerns.· When looking at reliability one principal concern was the purpose of the writer - whether of a primary or secondary source.· When considering value the principal concern is the use to which that evidence will be put.
· One of the principal factors is the reliance on coal as the main source of power.· Three principal factors account for the growing significance of this season.· A lack of response would suggest that the high concentration of alcohol is the principal factor.· Failure to define, at any rate in politics, is the principal factor which keeps us in employment.· Interestingly but not surprisingly, a higher proportion of men than women took occupation to be the principal factor determining class.· Estimates of the development cost vary greatly, but the high cost is certainly a principal factor in holding back the market.· In such cases two principal factors are at work.· The renewed development of the market in the 1980s can be traced to three principal factors.
· Given that macro-decisions inherently and inevitably condition micro-decisions, the principal focus of attention must be on the political decision-maker.· The principal focus of this research is the major regulatory arena of occupational health and safety.· Hajdu's principal focus is on Dylan's relationship with Baez.· But the principal focus for freight traffic was the goods station.· The principal focus of the Commission's enquiry relates to the provision of financial services.
· Since the principal function of grammar is to indicate how units of meaning are to be combined, this is scarcely surprising.· This has always been considered one of the principal functions of the Court.· I sometimes think that the principal function of professional training in education is to inoculate teachers against books on education.· There are three principal functions of tribunals and enquiries: adjudication, regulation and advice.· Thus, a principal function of top management is to co-ordinate and monitor the efforts of those lower down the hierarchy.· And in fact public shaming was one of the principal functions of police registration and surveillance.
· This convention results in the last authors - who usually include the principal investigator - being dropped from the citation.· William Evans designed pharmacological studies and was a principal investigator on the primary leukaemia protocol.· Ching-Hon Pui was a principal investigator of the leukaemia treatment protocols and interpreted the data.· The principal investigators will be responsible for interviewing key informants about the way the system has been modified in recent years.· We invited the principal investigators from the remaining 7 trials to participate in this analysis and they agreed.· A mathematical theory of statistical predictors and how to assess their accuracy has been developed by the principal investigator and others.· The research is being undertaken on an inter-disciplinary basis and the two principal investigators are an economist and a social policy specialist.
· The principal means of growth and development including accretion, redefinition and invention.· The principal means for educating Nonconformist ministers were the various denominational colleges.· But in Birmingham the railways were never the principal means of transport for the urban commuter.· For a start, there is the cost of what has traditionally been the principal means of covering risk - insurance.· During the 1660s and 1670s he was one of the principal means by which the government sought to influence City politics.· Workers employed in the mills and factories of industrial areas took to the bicycle as a principal means of travel to work.· One government or form of government competes with another, and the principal means are indicated by their military budgets.
· Our Falconet target aircraft uses a centrifugal launcher as its principal method of getting airborne.· The principal methods of investigation are interviewing and the collation of documentary evidence.· There are two principal methods of dealing with this.· The principal method of inquiry is analysis of company records and other contemporary sources.· The principal method of investigation will be survey by interview and questionnaire.· The principal method of investigation is in-depth studies with companies in different industries who are using Quality Circles.
· Its principal objectives include the promotion of health and safety, the protection of the environment and the establishment of quality standards.· The principal objective of the scheme is to provide each of the fourteen candidates with a 12-month commitment to his appropriate squad.· His principal objective was to clear his name of the suspicion attached to it.
· He served in various parts of the country, reaching the grade of principal officer by 1833.· The councillor should become acquainted with the principal officers from whom he can gain a considerable amount of information and help.· Chris Johns, principal officer for social care, said it would direct resources to those with most need.· There was a table at one end where a principal officer and a couple of others sat overseeing the whole lot.· The principal officers of the local authority are those which the authority decides to appoint.
· Service may be effected at his principal place of business in the jurisdiction, regardless of his current residence.· That location will normally be the principal place of their business.· Information booklet on your chosen resort, including a guide to the principal places of interest.
· The principal problem area concerns the additional amount of computation that may be necessary successfully to implement Monte Carlo based techniques.· On the first approach, the principal problem with the system is, it is agreed, corruption.· There are two principal problems associated with this.· The principal problem about them has generally been said to be that of their meaning or semantics.· What is the nature of media coverage of fraud, and what are the principal problems of communicating frauds to the public?· The principal problem for both speech and handwriting recognition is the variability of the input.
· One of the principal reasons for this was considered to be the existence of the defence for men under 24.· Hashimoto is the frontrunner for two principal reasons.· The principal reason for this is the high degree of reliance a human places on linguistic information.· This is the principal reason that the great voices of opera seldom sing popular songs.· I see two principal reasons why this happened.· What is the principal reason for its existence?· The other principal reason was the numerous changes in staff caused by transfer, resignation and retirals.· Priority-gaining in the event of a company's liquidation is one of the principal reasons for taking security.
· In practice, therefore, these principal repayments took the place of depreciation.· Thus we can calculate the money value of the final coupon payment and principal repayment on 30 March 1988 as follows.· This would arise where depreciation charges were less than principal repayments would have been.· If it was to be provided in addition to principal repayments in the revenue account, then local authorities' capital would increase.· The asset is capitalized, interest is expensed and principal repayments do not pass through the revenue account.· Consequently, the argument about depreciation producing more correct costs in the revenue account applies equally to principal repayments in lieu of depreciation.
· Will the principal roles be taken by the same group of children who starred in previous years?· The principal role of these units is to keep tomorrow's graduates in touch with the problems and methods of defence.· A principal role should be undertaken by staff directly involved with and who are experienced in dealing with, elderly groups.· A brief discussion pointed out that his principal role was that of liaison between the Commission and the Association of Catholic Headteachers.
· The principal source of finance for all of this remained the record company.· Professional pollsters have displaced precinct party chairmen as the principal source of information about what the public is thinking.· With coffee prices badly depressed, the tea industry seemed set to become the second principal source of foreign exchange earnings.· This is one of the two principal sources of new NEOs.· Anticommunism and the constitutional order provided the principal sources of political cohesion in the new political entity.· The intended budget of £5 million could reap benefits in a city where tourist revenue is becoming a principal source of wealth.· Such surveys formed the basis for research for many years and still remain the principal source for some categories of data.
· Advice for Quality Assurers Your principal task is to decide whether a package is fit for the purpose intended.· He discussed each of his principal tasks - there were only four, each clearly delineated.· As such, his principal task was to secure the concordat, which was signed at the end of August 1953.· Thus the principal task of theories which specifically address modem football hooliganism is to account for these dominant forms of behaviour.· The new parliament's principal task would be to draft a constitution for approval by the electorate in a referendum.· The principal task initially was to create a wider range of accommodation services.
· And he said there was now further evidence to discredit a principal witness in the case as a liar and a cheat.· The prosecution dropped the charges in 1976, announcing that the principal witness was too ill to ever testify.· What took place has to be reconstructed with the principal witness for the prosecution being unavailable.
 most important SYN  main:  His principal reason for making the journey was to visit his family. Teaching is her principal source of income. the principal character in the book► see thesaurus at important, main → principally
principal1 adjectiveprincipal2 noun
principalprincipal2 ●●○ noun Entry menu
MENU FOR principalprincipal1 school2 university/college3 business4 performer5 money
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • Another teacher who moved me was an assistant principal named Cho, who doubled as a history teacher.
  • Each son has a career in education -- three teachers and one principal.
  • His comments on Paul Caton, the deputy principal, were gratuitously offensive.
  • In the course of acting for each of their principals, estate agents will acquire information confidential to that principal.
  • Insured bonds carry a pledge from a private backer to pay interest and principal on the bonds if the issuer defaults.
  • Major Jack Tilley warmed up the troops much in the fashion of a jovial high school principal preparing students for graduation.
  • Once, after he had been absent a fortnight, the principal tackled his parents.
  • The government will also receive inflation-adjusted 12 percent interest on the unpaid principal.
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
someone who teaches as their job, especially in a school: · a high school teacher
(also headteacher British English) the teacher who is in charge of a school or college: · The teacher sent him to the principal’s office.
someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group of students. In Britain, a tutor is also a teacher in a university: · They hired a tutor to help him with his English.· Your tutor will help you find a subject for your essay.
someone who teaches in a university or college: · University lecturers aren’t very well paid.
a teacher in a college or university. In Britain, a professor is a high-ranking university teacher, especially one who is head of a department: · She was professor of linguistics at Cambridge University.
someone who teaches a sport or a practical skill such as swimming or driving: · He works as a ski instructor in the winter.· a driving instructor
someone who helps a person or team improve in a sport: · a professional tennis coach
especially American English formal someone whose job involves teaching people, or someone who is an expert on education: · Most educators agree that class sizes are still too big.
someone who teaches people particular skills, especially the skills they need to do a job: · a teacher trainer· Many companies pay outside trainers to teach management skills to their staff.
a woman who lived with a family and taught their children in past times: · As a governess, Charlotte Brontë received twenty pounds a year.
WORD SETS
absenteeism, nounacademic, adjectiveacademy, nounadult education, nounalma mater, nounassessment, nounassessor, nounassignment, nounaudiovisual, adjectiveAV, binder, nounbiology, nounblackboard, nounbursary, nounbusiness studies, nounCAL, nounCALL, nouncareer counselor, nouncareers officer, nouncase study, nounCDT, nouncert., certificate, nouncertificated, adjectivechalkboard, nouncharm school, nounchemistry set, nouncivics, nounclass, nounclassicist, nounclassmate, nouncloze test, nouncoach, nouncoeducation, nouncollege, nouncollegiate, adjectivecommon room, nouncomprehension, nouncomprehensive, adjectivecomputer-literate, adjectivecomputer science, nouncontinuing education, nouncorrespondence course, nouncoursebook, nouncoursework, nouncrash course, nouncredit, nouncrib, verbcross, nouncurriculum, nounD, noundiploma, noundirect method, nounDirector of Studies, noundissect, verbdistance learning, noundistinction, noundo, verbdropout, noundyslexia, nounedify, verbedifying, adjectiveeducate, verbeducational, adjectiveeducationalist, nouneducator, nounEFL, nounELT, nounESL, nounESOL, nounESP, nounessay, nounevening class, nounexam, nounexamination, nounexamine, verbexercise, nounexercise book, nounexternal, adjectiveextracurricular, adjectiveF, fail, nounfellowship, nounfield, nounfield day, nounfield trip, nounfieldwork, nounflashcard, nounflip chart, nounflunk, verbfree period, nounfresher, nounfreshman, nounfurther education, nounglobe, noungoverness, noungrade, verbgraded, adjectivegrade point average, noungrind, nounheuristic, adjectivehistory, nounimmersion, nounineducable, adjectiveinfirmary, nounintake, nounintelligence quotient, nouninterdisciplinary, adjectiveintroductory, adjectiveinvigilate, verbIQ, nounjanitor, nounlearning curve, nounlesson, nounletter, nounletter, verbliberal arts, nounlibrarian, nounlibrary, nounlife science, nounmainstream, adjectivemasterclass, nounmatron, nounmedia studies, nounmnemonic, nounmoderate, verbmoderator, nounmodular, adjectivemodule, nounmultiple choice, adjectivenight school, nounnumerate, adjectiveopen house, nounoral, nounoverqualified, adjectivepapier mâché, nounpass, verbpass, nounpastoral, adjectivepedagogical, adjectivepedagogue, nounpedagogy, nounphonics, nounphrasebook, nounphysical education, nounpicture book, nounplacement, nounplaytime, nounpoli sci, nounpolitical science, nounpolitics, nounprincipal, nounprize day, nounproblem, nounproctor, nounprogrammed learning, nounprotégé, nounquad, nounqualification, nounqualify, verbquick, adjectiverector, nounre-educate, verbrefectory, nounreference, nounreference library, nounrequirement, nounresearch, nounresearch, verbresit, verbresource, nounresult, nounresume, nounretake, verbretake, nounreunion, nounreview, verbrevise, verbrevision, nounrole-play, nounrote, nounscholar, nounscholarship, nounscholastic, adjectiveschool, nounscience, nounscript, nounself-taught, adjectiveset, verbspeciality, nounspelling bee, nounstandard, adjectivestate school, nounstudent body, nounstudent government, nounstudent loan, nounstudent teaching, nounstudent union, nounstudy, verbstudy hall, nounsub, nounsummer holidays, nounsummer vacation, nounsuperintendent, nounteacher, nounteaching, nountechie, nounterm, nounterm paper, nounTESL, nounTESOL, nountext, nountextbook, nountick, nountick, verbtimetable, nountimetable, verbtranscript, nountrimester, nountruancy, nountuition, nountutor, nountutor, verbunderclassman, noununit, noununseen, nounvisual aid, nounvocational, adjectivewhiteboard, nounworkbook, nounworksheet, nounX, nounyearbook, noun
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
(=acting the most important part)· Schwarzenegger was one of Hollywood’s leading actors.
· The country’s main aim was to slow inflation.
· The president said his primary concern was the welfare of the American people.
· Agricultural products are the country’s principal exports.
· The prime minister was one of the main guests at the event.
· This research project has three main objectives.
(=a main witness)· The principal witness was too ill to testify.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· Some assistant principals hold this position for several years to prepare for advancement to principal; others are career assistant principals.· Depending on the number of students, the number of assistant principals a school employs may vary.· He then served on county staff development staffs until becoming assistant principal at Bryant in 1998.· But more assistant principals and janitors are necessary to make the schools operate effectively, Saylor said.· Much of that sentiment stems from the transfer in March of Gloria Nogales-Talley, a popular Latina assistant principal.· Similarly, a New York court ruled that a school district could transfer a teacher who married her assistant principal.· But he said it looks bad to the public to cut teachers while hiring janitors and assistant principals.
· Two days later the former Enniskillen high school principal slipped into a coma from which he never awakened.· The Tams, who worked then as a high school principal and a kindergarten teacher, lived in a two-story home.· Major Jack Tilley warmed up the troops much in the fashion of a jovial high school principal preparing students for graduation.
NOUN
· Two youths in Texas had tried to kill the college principal, failed and poisoned themselves.· The arrangements for the transition have been announced in a letter from to college principals.· However, it appears that in Essex at least, individual college principals have agreed to negotiate their introduction and avert strikes.· I have not met a college principal who intends to change that practice.
· Two days later the former Enniskillen high school principal slipped into a coma from which he never awakened.· The Tams, who worked then as a high school principal and a kindergarten teacher, lived in a two-story home.· Peter Barkworth's dainty but needling school principal is another candidate for the comic hall of fame.· The Washington Post reported that some elementary school principals have banned the stuff, just like the nuns used to.· His partner is an elementary school principal in town.· Consider the school principal who discovers students wearing beepers to stay in contact with their superiors in the drug trade.· Major Jack Tilley warmed up the troops much in the fashion of a jovial high school principal preparing students for graduation.· In my early thirties I applied for a position as a school principal.
VERB
· Insured bonds carry a pledge from a private backer to pay interest and principal on the bonds if the issuer defaults.· Two funds were frozen by the government; others declared bankruptcy or slashed their interest rates and stopped paying back principal.· Which is, pay the principal, forget the interest.
1school [countable] American English someone who is in charge of a school SYN headteacher British English:  a small school with just three teachers and the principal► see thesaurus at teacher2university/college [countable] British English someone who is in charge of a university or college3business [countable] American English the main person in a business or organization, who can make important business decisions and is legally responsible for them:  The principal of the business has an office in New York.4performer [countable] the main performer in a play or in a group of musicians, dancers etc:  She later became a principal with the Royal Ballet.5money [singular] technical the original amount of money that is lent to someone, not including any of the interest
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更新时间：2024/11/13 10:07:23