单词	dependence
释义	dependencede‧pen‧dence /dɪˈpendəns/ ●●○ (also dependency) noun [uncountable] Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Dependence on alcohol can have a serious effect on your relationships and career. The clinic treats people affected by drug dependence. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Dependence Tolerance and withdrawal are the classic signs of physical dependence on a drug. Can energy efficiency and a greater dependence on natural gas cut carbon emissions sufficiently on their own? Other topics on which findings are ambiguous are the effects on leisure activity, crime, and degree of dependence on parents. The meal, like a ritual communion, had confirmed the curious, unspoken, mutual dependence which bound them. Their mutual dependence was destroying Luke as much as her. There is a lot of leadership that comes out of fear, dependence, and guilt. Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorthe need to have a drug etc regularly► addiction : drug addiction · Drug addiction is now the biggest social problem in American cities.addiction to · Eventually she managed to overcome her addiction to alcohol. ► habit an addiction to an illegal drug or to tobacco: drug/cocaine/heroin etc habit: · His cocaine habit was ruining his life.kick the habit (=give up the habit): · Some smokers use chewing gum containing nicotine to help them kick the habit. ► dependence addiction to alcohol or drugs, especially legal drugs that a doctor gives you, so that you feel you cannot continue to live without them: dependence on: · Dependence on alcohol can have a serious effect on your relationships and career.drug/alcohol dependence: · The clinic treats people affected by drug dependence. Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► economic · The literary implications of economic dependence must be observed.· In the first case, therefore, the woman has had to shift her economic dependence from her husband to the state. ► financial · Accordingly, contractual obligations are not limited to agreements, but extend to cases of mutual reliance and financial dependence.· For most of the women, paid work had been a route out of the family and domestic and financial dependence. ► great · Greenpeace is deeply concerned that this development will lead to monopoly control over genetic resources and an even greater dependence on herbicides.· Can energy efficiency and a greater dependence on natural gas cut carbon emissions sufficiently on their own?· The greater its dependence on others, the less its ability to issue credible threats or to mobilise for sustained hostilities.· Non-readers show a greater dependence on television for political information.· And the woman, because of her great dependence, is usually the loser. ► heavy · In political terms this failure forced heavy dependence on indirect revenue sources.· Thus, humans' heavy dependence on present sources of electric power has many undesirable aspects.· The heavy dependence on foreign technical assistance has had many disadvantages.· This confirms that both countries feel troubled by their heavy dependence on oil. ► mutual · But it was a remarkable demonstration of allied unity and mutual dependence.· The relationship between general practitioners and district health authorities needs to be explicitly recognised as one of mutual dependence rather than competition.· Such integration did not, however, mean identity of interest. Mutual dependence also contained the seeds of conflict.· If anything a mutual dependence was growing.· The mutual dependence of profitability and growth, as we will see, makes the assessment of management motivation particularly problematical.· In a way, it has to be put down to mutual dependence.· The meal, like a ritual communion, had confirmed the curious, unspoken, mutual dependence which bound them.· When two parties live in harmony, neither makes much fuss and mutual dependence may pass unobserved. ► physical · That first post-natal subservience, bred of physical dependence, was too ingrained ever to be totally eradicated.· Short-term treatment is not associated with significant tolerance or physical dependence.· Where extreme physical dependence is present, every aspect of daily living has to be planned and managed.· Dependence Tolerance and withdrawal are the classic signs of physical dependence on a drug.· Morphine and Valium, for example, regularly produce physical dependence.· These demographic variables are experienced in addition to high levels of physical dependence, frailty and mental health problems.· The newborn child can suffer from physical dependence, withdrawal symptoms or even serious birth defects. ► total · If he was exploited by landowners and the merchant and artisan classes, this did not result in total dependence on them.· For example, the total dependence on imported equipment in all the plants magnified the consequences of a broken sewing machine.· Most people dread dependence and have no understanding of the very limited extent of total dependence in old age. NOUN► alcohol · Most people make the change from occasional social drinking to alcohol dependence gradually.· Studies of twins and of alcohol-dependent patients point to an inherited vulnerability to alcohol dependence, too. ► drug · His father says that David accepts the sentence, and is getting treatment for his drug dependence.· You can get treatment for drug dependence, mostly as an outpatient. ► temperature · The method has been used to study the frequency and temperature dependence of viscoelastic moduli for many years.· This increased temperature dependence can not be explained merely by additional carbon conduction, as graphite conduction is nearly independent of temperature. VERB► increase · This gave both parties greater flexibility, while increasing their dependence on money.· The Reagan New Federalism also signalled an increased dependence of urban areas on state government.· But it also had the effect of increasing dependence.· What the officials of these states ignore is that the age of fetishism is over, and importing military hardware increases dependence.· But other changes, especially economic ones, have tended to increase their dependence on their families.· Logistical problems of corporations operating outside their home countries increase this dependence. ► reduce · Engineers could also reduce their dependence on strategically important metals by redesigning components.· The main priorities are: A comprehensive transportation study with a view to reducing the level of dependence on private cars.· Though originally encouraged to reduce their dependence on civil servants, the soldiers could not govern alone.· Treatment was aimed to reduce Maria's dependence on the bottle by providing it only at bedtime and in the morning. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► drug/alcohol dependence His father says that David accepts the sentence, and is getting treatment for his drug dependence. Most people make the change from occasional social drinking to alcohol dependence gradually. Studies of twins and of alcohol-dependent patients point to an inherited vulnerability to alcohol dependence, too. The higher figures came for such easy-to-call labels as bulimia and alcohol and drug dependence. You can get treatment for drug dependence, mostly as an outpatient. Word family WORD FAMILYnoundependantdependence ≠ independencedependencyadjectivedependabledependent ≠ independentadverbdependablyindependentlyverbdepend 1when you depend on the help and support of someone or something else in order to exist or be successful OPP  independencedependence on/upon our dependence on oil as a source of energy the financial dependency of some women on men2drug/alcohol dependence when someone is addicted to drugs or alcohol3technical when one thing is strongly affected by another thingdependence of the mutual dependence of profit and growth
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