英语词汇“democracy”的英英意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英语词典

WORD ORIGINdemocracy

Origin:

1500-1600 Old French democratie, from Greek demokratia, from demos ‘people’ + -kratia ‘rule’

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES

Adolfo Suarez supervised Spain's transition to democracy in the 1970s.
Costa Rica is a democracy.
In 1974, democracy returned to Greece after seven years of military rule.
the democracies of Western Europe
The team's partnership is not a democracy; executives Larry Baer and Bob Quinn are the ones who make decisions.

EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS

And the growth of an emerging democracy over the past two years provides an outlet for his critics' denunciations.
His statistical analysis reveals a strong positive effect of per capita income on the level of democracy.
The answer is: industrial democracy.
Until the past decade, the technology on which democracy had operated for some 2, 500 years had not changed much.
We agree that it is the best way to help those countries to establish sound democracies and a sound economy.
You say that this conflict is partly the result of governments in New Delhi undermining democracy in the state.

THESAURUS► government

[countable, uncountable] the group of people who govern a country or the system they use to govern it: · The French government did not sign the agreement.· a democratic system of government

► administration

[countable] the government of a country, especially one such as the US, which is led by a president: · the Kennedy administration· the problems left by the previous administration

► regime

[countable] a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of: · Most people opposed the apartheid regime.

► the executive

[singular] the part of the government that makes sure that laws and decisions work well: · the separation of powers between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary

► democracy

[countable, uncountable] a political system in which everyone can vote to choose the government, or a country that has this system: · The transition to democracy has not been easy.· In a democracy, people have freedom of speech.

► republic

[countable] a country that has an elected government, and is led by a president, not a king or queen: · Mauritius became a republic in 1992.

► monarchy

[countable, uncountable] the system of having a king or queen as the head of state, or a country that has this system: · Some monarchies have elected governments.· controversy about the institution of monarchy

Longman Language Activatordifferent systems of government► democracy

a system of government in which everyone in the country can vote to choose the government and has the freedom to oppose it, to protest against it etc: · In 1974, democracy returned to Greece after seven years of military rule.· Adolfo Suarez supervised Spain's transition to democracy in the 1970s.

► democratic

a democratic country, government, or political system is one in which the people vote to choose the government: · Costa Rica is often mentioned as an example of what countries can accomplish under stable, democratic governments.· The Communist Party was voted out of power in the nation's first democratic elections in decades.· Open, free, and fair elections are the most basic element of the democratic process.

► republic

a country whose leader is a president, not a king or queen: · the French Republic· Moldavia, a republic of more than 4 million people, borders Romania.republic of: · the People's Republic of China

► monarchy

a system of government in a country that has a king or queen, or the members of a royal family in that country: · Many people in Britain think the country no longer needs a monarchy.· The US has close ties with the Saudi monarchy.absolute monarchy (=a monarchy with complete power): · At that time, Nepal was transformed from an absolute monarchy into a multi-party democracy.

WORD SETS► Citizenship

banish, verbbill of rights, nounbirthright, nounburgher, nouncrown colony, noundefect, verbdemocracy, noundeport, verbdeportee, noundisplaced person, nounelectorate, noungreen card, nounID, nounID card, nounidentification, nounidentity card, nounillegal, nounillegal immigrant, nounimmigration, nounnational, nounnationality, nounnon-resident, nounpatriot, nounpublic, adjectiverefugee, nounregister, verbrepatriate, verbsponsor, nounstateless, adjectivesubject, nounvassal, noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 2adjectives► a parliamentary democracy

(=one with an elected parliament)· Britain is a parliamentary democracy.

► a multiparty democracy

(=with a number of political parties)· It is one of the few countries in the area that is a true multiparty democracy.

► a Western democracy

· The sanctions are supported by all the major Western democracies.

► a new democracy

· They are facing many of the same problems that all new democracies experience.

► an emerging/fledgling democracy

(=new)· the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► an anti-government/pro-democracy etc demonstration

· There have been further violent anti-government demonstrations this week.

► liberal state/society/democracy etc

► a pro-democracy/pro-independence etc rally

· Thousands joined a pro-democracy rally in the city.

COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► direct

· The system of direct democracy made the Soviet immediately responsive to the mood of rank-and-file workers.· His ideal was to transplant the classical Athenian model of direct democracy to the new world.· Democracy meant government by the people themselves; what is now tendentiously termed direct democracy.· But direct democracy could not survive the size and complexity of the pluralistic, sprawling nation-states that developed in modern times.· Mr Kinnock hinted at the weekend that direct democracy was likely to become mandatory relatively soon.· Like or dislike it, direct democracy is on the way.· The court was confident that elements of direct democracy can coexist within the representative republic.· Many people argue that direct democracy is unworkable, that society needs representatives to debate and decide issues, Davis said.

► economic

· The first two studies find significant statistical evidence in support of a relationship between economic development and democracy.· Chapter 4 assessed the many comparisons of the relationship between economic development and democracy.· Overall, the statistical results confirm the relationship between economic development and democracy established by the comparative studies in the earlier phase.· These studies demonstrate that the relationship between economic development and democracy does not hold for all countries.· In other words, the effect of economic development on democracy is lower in newly developed and developing countries.· Summary Table 4.5 summarizes the ` comparison of comparisons' on the relationship between economic development and democracy presented in this chapter.· Simple analysis reveals that the relationship between levels of economic development and democracy is strong.· This is a good overview of the entire topic of economic development and democracy.

► great

· It was a system that could not endure, and agitations for greater democracy grew steadily louder.· Interactivity was supposed to be great-democracy at its most cuddly.· In his key-note National Day address to parliament in August Suharto appeared to endorse moves towards greater openness and democracy.· This it sees as evidence of the shop-floor pressures for greater industrial democracy.· Mr Patten pledged to continue fighting for greater democracy for the colony.· First, we want steady progress towards a greater degree of democracy in Hong Kong.· The deepest divisions have centered on demands for greater internal party democracy and the pace of party reform.· Of course the continent needs greater democracy.

► industrial

· That aim must be linked to industrial democracy, profit-sharing and share ownership.· A thorough review of social movement theory and research in advanced industrial democracies.· And in that separation, in that accommodation, there was no place for industrial democracy.· The answer is: industrial democracy.· This it sees as evidence of the shop-floor pressures for greater industrial democracy.· It was, and remains, authentic industrial democracy.· One feature of this shift was an emphasis on industrial democracy, which drew heavily on principles of codetermination.· Legitimation for such delegated enforcement was usually sought through schemes for participation, such as industrial democracy, regional devolution or community action.

► liberal

· Yet in a liberal democracy, such a declaration can not easily be made; indeed the opposite must be proclaimed.· Bureaucratization and centralization were also tied to the growth of liberal democracy and socialism in intended and unintended ways.· Elections provide a more stable method of succession, especially in liberal democracies.· Pluralism or membership of associations, he suggests, provides the individual with the participation lacking in a liberal democracy.· The libertarian theory of the media is based on western liberal democracy.· Revolutions are only contemplated by cadres with intense preferences: most workers in liberal democracies will not vote for a revolution.· In any liberal democracy a mobilization of bias is cumulatively created by the outcomes of political and social conflicts.· By the early 1930s scepticism with liberal democracy was widespread.

► local

· And last week the peers engaged in a debate on local democracy and local services moved by Lord Williams of Elvel.· And it was reportedly a profitable slumber; many were allegedly being paid for their dedication to local democracy.· Some commentators see such developments as further evidence of the erosion of local democracy.· We believe that the principle of accountability in local democracy has gone out of the window under this Government.· First under the poll tax and now under the council tax, central control has replaced local democracy in determining spending.· However, we should interfere in local government with some trepidation because local democracy and local accountability underpin parliamentary democracy and accountability.· As far as local democracy was concerned, no evidence was clearly discernible either for an improvement or for a deterioration.· A story of local democracy and participatory initiative dating from the reforms of the later 1880s came to its sad close.

► modern

· Vanhanen's democracy prediction Political parties are a central element of modern representative democracies.· Feudalism was basically bad; modern democracies are good.· It may yet serve as an unhappy reminder that there are divides greater than those between modern capitalism and modern social democracy.

► multiparty

· He insisted that he had acted within the Constitution and reaffirmed his commitment to multiparty democracy.· As in many other countries, popular demands for the introduction of multiparty democracy grew in the first half of 1990.· Two demonstrations in support of multiparty democracy had been held on Dec. 10 and Dec. 31.· The arrests came soon after they had sent an open letter to Sassou Nguesso calling for multiparty democracy.· The government was to be responsible for executing decisions of the conference during a transition to multiparty democracy.· New constitutional committee A 14-member committee was appointed on Jan. 21 to draft a new constitution for multiparty democracy.

► new

· The pressure is discreet - after all, the survival of a key Western ally and a new democracy is at stake.· To Yacouba the new watchwords of democracy and modernization are vast improvements on the furore of the Revolution.· Thus, the lesson for new democracies is that the choice of institutions is directly linked to the challenges of democratic consolidation.· To refuse a debate would be to pass up an opportunity to breathe a little new life into democracy.

► parliamentary

· I see no purpose in a further referendum on that matter - we are a parliamentary democracy.· However, we should interfere in local government with some trepidation because local democracy and local accountability underpin parliamentary democracy and accountability.· Is majority rule under a system of parliamentary democracy a sufficient guarantee of legitimacy?· For the whole sample, the comparison reveals that presidential democracies are more likely to break down than parliamentary democracies.· At £12 per table leader, parliamentary democracy is getting good value.· Within our system of parliamentary democracy, only inter-party competition was seen as crucial and desirable.· A new role for the courts has to be fashioned out of our system of parliamentary democracy - Justinian.· In most parliamentary democracies voter turnout tends to be around half to three-quarters of the electorate.

► participatory

· Several authors, who see the failings of our present system, do not wish to see an extension of participatory democracy.· This book will explore both the opportunities and the dangers ahead for participatory democracy in the electronic information age.· This can only occur in participatory or self-managing democracy.· Power comes from the cultivation of the scientific spirit and participatory democracy.· Bobbio has doubts, therefore, as to the educative benefits of participatory democracy.· Thus we require participatory democracy to give the individual a real measure of control over the life and structure of his/her environment.· They advocated some form of participatory democracy with free elections and a multi-party system.· For Pateman, participatory democracy hinges on the premise that individuals and their institutions can not be placed apart.

► political

· In the absence of broader political democracy, active community participation gets suppressed and distorted.· This, it has been suggested, is the danger of overselling the norms of political democracy in the schools.· In short, though not yet fully attained, political democracy had become respectable, and Socialism had become arguable.· Nor will it do so in countries where genuine political democracy is firmly established and the electorate will no longer support the objectives.· What would be the institutional conditions for a genuine cultural and political democracy, for example?· Finally, further analysis demonstrates that the level of political democracy has a negative effect on the strike volume.· The result is an absence of diversity - a key requirement for a truly representative press and one suited for political democracy.· Monopolization required imperialism and both were incompatible with the political democracy represented by Weimar.

► representative

· What constraints are imposed by representative democracy?· The wired village will inevitably lead the world in the direction of more direct rather than representative democracies.· But neither has found an authentic expression in the institutions of representative democracy.· In theory, our representative system of democracy gives us that ownership.· Furthermore, the nature of political authority in representative democracies means that governments are bound by doctrines of accountability.· Part I examines representative democracy and the end of the old politics.· Local government is based on the system of representative democracy: councillors are elected to make policy on behalf of the general population.· Vanhanen's democracy prediction Political parties are a central element of modern representative democracies.

► social

· By no means all revolutionaries were converted to social democracy.· Thus, the possibility of social democracy is also neatly nipped in the bud.· Second, Labour under Mr Kinnock is belatedly making the transition to continental-style social democracy.· Class-based social democracy also grew during the period.· It may yet serve as an unhappy reminder that there are divides greater than those between modern capitalism and modern social democracy.

► true

· It can be argued that Monsieur Guillotin was the true founder of democracy by eliminating class distinction in public executions.· This is the true nature of democracy and of all distributed governance.· Q: If this election results in a true democracy, is it exportable to the rest of the Arab world?· Surely a true democracy also depends on such values as responsibility, caring, ingenuity, and the art of compromise.· But Great Groups are rarely true democracies.

► western

· In most Western democracies in the twentieth century, legislatures have lost a great deal of ground to executive branches.· The market-based economies and private ownership in Western democracies make an essential difference in the scope and application of the centralization concepts.· But the Note also made clear that the western democracies would not intervene to bring about the change of regime they advocated.· Few other Western democracies expect their political leaders' wives to be national hostesses, homemakers or advocates.· Other western democracies did no better.· None of the legendary Western democracy operated in our relations, only the democracy of childhood.· If so, public opinion in the western democracies would probably put up with quite a lot of blood and bodies.· The United States can learn from other Western democracies that have developed policies that effectively protect their children from poverty.

NOUN► movement

· It has led to the election of President Chiluba, leader of the country's multi-party democracy movement.· What started out as a relatively manageable protest against stolen elections has now mushroomed into a full-fledged democracy movement.· While major political reforms had been secured, discontent remained among young supporters of the democracy movement.· He has lived ever since on the ThaiBurma border, seeking to support and revive the democracy movement in his country.· The other is a conversation with the poet Liao Yiwu active in the 1989 democracy movement and subsequently jailed.

VERB► establish

· We agree that it is the best way to help those countries to establish sound democracies and a sound economy.· Can he say what further action we may take to establish democracy firmly there?· But the ruling party's congress last month promised to establish a multi-party democracy.

► promote

· What, then, are the grounds upon which local government can be said to promote democracy?· The United States can promote both democracy and free markets.

► restore

· But, as a means of trying to break the deadlock and restore a little democracy, it was certainly worth discussing.· In 1990 the Velvet Revolution restored democracy to Czechoslovakia.· Our goal was to get rid of them, restore democracy and fix things up.

► support

· He has lived ever since on the ThaiBurma border, seeking to support and revive the democracy movement in his country.· Why say that the West gets another chance at supporting democracy?

WORD FAMILYnoundemocracydemocratdemocratizationadjectivedemocratic ≠ undemocraticverbdemocratatizeadverbdemocratically ≠ undemocratically

单词	democracy
释义	democracyde‧moc‧ra‧cy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi $ dɪˈmɑː-/ ●●○ W3 noun (plural democracies) Word Origin WORD ORIGINdemocracy Origin: 1500-1600 Old French democratie, from Greek demokratia, from demos ‘people’ + -kratia ‘rule’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Adolfo Suarez supervised Spain's transition to democracy in the 1970s. Costa Rica is a democracy. In 1974, democracy returned to Greece after seven years of military rule. the democracies of Western Europe The team's partnership is not a democracy; executives Larry Baer and Bob Quinn are the ones who make decisions. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS And the growth of an emerging democracy over the past two years provides an outlet for his critics' denunciations. His statistical analysis reveals a strong positive effect of per capita income on the level of democracy. The answer is: industrial democracy. Until the past decade, the technology on which democracy had operated for some 2, 500 years had not changed much. We agree that it is the best way to help those countries to establish sound democracies and a sound economy. You say that this conflict is partly the result of governments in New Delhi undermining democracy in the state. Thesaurus THESAURUS► government [countable, uncountable] the group of people who govern a country or the system they use to govern it: · The French government did not sign the agreement.· a democratic system of government ► administration [countable] the government of a country, especially one such as the US, which is led by a president: · the Kennedy administration· the problems left by the previous administration ► regime [countable] a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of: · Most people opposed the apartheid regime. ► the executive [singular] the part of the government that makes sure that laws and decisions work well: · the separation of powers between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary ► democracy [countable, uncountable] a political system in which everyone can vote to choose the government, or a country that has this system: · The transition to democracy has not been easy.· In a democracy, people have freedom of speech. ► republic [countable] a country that has an elected government, and is led by a president, not a king or queen: · Mauritius became a republic in 1992. ► monarchy [countable, uncountable] the system of having a king or queen as the head of state, or a country that has this system: · Some monarchies have elected governments.· controversy about the institution of monarchy Longman Language Activatordifferent systems of government► democracy a system of government in which everyone in the country can vote to choose the government and has the freedom to oppose it, to protest against it etc: · In 1974, democracy returned to Greece after seven years of military rule.· Adolfo Suarez supervised Spain's transition to democracy in the 1970s. ► democratic a democratic country, government, or political system is one in which the people vote to choose the government: · Costa Rica is often mentioned as an example of what countries can accomplish under stable, democratic governments.· The Communist Party was voted out of power in the nation's first democratic elections in decades.· Open, free, and fair elections are the most basic element of the democratic process. ► republic a country whose leader is a president, not a king or queen: · the French Republic· Moldavia, a republic of more than 4 million people, borders Romania.republic of: · the People's Republic of China ► monarchy a system of government in a country that has a king or queen, or the members of a royal family in that country: · Many people in Britain think the country no longer needs a monarchy.· The US has close ties with the Saudi monarchy.absolute monarchy (=a monarchy with complete power): · At that time, Nepal was transformed from an absolute monarchy into a multi-party democracy. WORD SETS► Citizenship banish, verbbill of rights, nounbirthright, nounburgher, nouncrown colony, noundefect, verbdemocracy, noundeport, verbdeportee, noundisplaced person, nounelectorate, noungreen card, nounID, nounID card, nounidentification, nounidentity card, nounillegal, nounillegal immigrant, nounimmigration, nounnational, nounnationality, nounnon-resident, nounpatriot, nounpublic, adjectiverefugee, nounregister, verbrepatriate, verbsponsor, nounstateless, adjectivesubject, nounvassal, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 2adjectives► a parliamentary democracy (=one with an elected parliament)· Britain is a parliamentary democracy. ► a multiparty democracy (=with a number of political parties)· It is one of the few countries in the area that is a true multiparty democracy. ► a Western democracy · The sanctions are supported by all the major Western democracies. ► a new democracy · They are facing many of the same problems that all new democracies experience. ► an emerging/fledgling democracy (=new)· the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► an anti-government/pro-democracy etc demonstration · There have been further violent anti-government demonstrations this week. ► liberal state/society/democracy etc ► a pro-democracy/pro-independence etc rally · Thousands joined a pro-democracy rally in the city. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► direct · The system of direct democracy made the Soviet immediately responsive to the mood of rank-and-file workers.· His ideal was to transplant the classical Athenian model of direct democracy to the new world.· Democracy meant government by the people themselves; what is now tendentiously termed direct democracy.· But direct democracy could not survive the size and complexity of the pluralistic, sprawling nation-states that developed in modern times.· Mr Kinnock hinted at the weekend that direct democracy was likely to become mandatory relatively soon.· Like or dislike it, direct democracy is on the way.· The court was confident that elements of direct democracy can coexist within the representative republic.· Many people argue that direct democracy is unworkable, that society needs representatives to debate and decide issues, Davis said. ► economic · The first two studies find significant statistical evidence in support of a relationship between economic development and democracy.· Chapter 4 assessed the many comparisons of the relationship between economic development and democracy.· Overall, the statistical results confirm the relationship between economic development and democracy established by the comparative studies in the earlier phase.· These studies demonstrate that the relationship between economic development and democracy does not hold for all countries.· In other words, the effect of economic development on democracy is lower in newly developed and developing countries.· Summary Table 4.5 summarizes the ` comparison of comparisons' on the relationship between economic development and democracy presented in this chapter.· Simple analysis reveals that the relationship between levels of economic development and democracy is strong.· This is a good overview of the entire topic of economic development and democracy. ► great · It was a system that could not endure, and agitations for greater democracy grew steadily louder.· Interactivity was supposed to be great-democracy at its most cuddly.· In his key-note National Day address to parliament in August Suharto appeared to endorse moves towards greater openness and democracy.· This it sees as evidence of the shop-floor pressures for greater industrial democracy.· Mr Patten pledged to continue fighting for greater democracy for the colony.· First, we want steady progress towards a greater degree of democracy in Hong Kong.· The deepest divisions have centered on demands for greater internal party democracy and the pace of party reform.· Of course the continent needs greater democracy. ► industrial · That aim must be linked to industrial democracy, profit-sharing and share ownership.· A thorough review of social movement theory and research in advanced industrial democracies.· And in that separation, in that accommodation, there was no place for industrial democracy.· The answer is: industrial democracy.· This it sees as evidence of the shop-floor pressures for greater industrial democracy.· It was, and remains, authentic industrial democracy.· One feature of this shift was an emphasis on industrial democracy, which drew heavily on principles of codetermination.· Legitimation for such delegated enforcement was usually sought through schemes for participation, such as industrial democracy, regional devolution or community action. ► liberal · Yet in a liberal democracy, such a declaration can not easily be made; indeed the opposite must be proclaimed.· Bureaucratization and centralization were also tied to the growth of liberal democracy and socialism in intended and unintended ways.· Elections provide a more stable method of succession, especially in liberal democracies.· Pluralism or membership of associations, he suggests, provides the individual with the participation lacking in a liberal democracy.· The libertarian theory of the media is based on western liberal democracy.· Revolutions are only contemplated by cadres with intense preferences: most workers in liberal democracies will not vote for a revolution.· In any liberal democracy a mobilization of bias is cumulatively created by the outcomes of political and social conflicts.· By the early 1930s scepticism with liberal democracy was widespread. ► local · And last week the peers engaged in a debate on local democracy and local services moved by Lord Williams of Elvel.· And it was reportedly a profitable slumber; many were allegedly being paid for their dedication to local democracy.· Some commentators see such developments as further evidence of the erosion of local democracy.· We believe that the principle of accountability in local democracy has gone out of the window under this Government.· First under the poll tax and now under the council tax, central control has replaced local democracy in determining spending.· However, we should interfere in local government with some trepidation because local democracy and local accountability underpin parliamentary democracy and accountability.· As far as local democracy was concerned, no evidence was clearly discernible either for an improvement or for a deterioration.· A story of local democracy and participatory initiative dating from the reforms of the later 1880s came to its sad close. ► modern · Vanhanen's democracy prediction Political parties are a central element of modern representative democracies.· Feudalism was basically bad; modern democracies are good.· It may yet serve as an unhappy reminder that there are divides greater than those between modern capitalism and modern social democracy. ► multiparty · He insisted that he had acted within the Constitution and reaffirmed his commitment to multiparty democracy.· As in many other countries, popular demands for the introduction of multiparty democracy grew in the first half of 1990.· Two demonstrations in support of multiparty democracy had been held on Dec. 10 and Dec. 31.· The arrests came soon after they had sent an open letter to Sassou Nguesso calling for multiparty democracy.· The government was to be responsible for executing decisions of the conference during a transition to multiparty democracy.· New constitutional committee A 14-member committee was appointed on Jan. 21 to draft a new constitution for multiparty democracy. ► new · The pressure is discreet - after all, the survival of a key Western ally and a new democracy is at stake.· To Yacouba the new watchwords of democracy and modernization are vast improvements on the furore of the Revolution.· Thus, the lesson for new democracies is that the choice of institutions is directly linked to the challenges of democratic consolidation.· To refuse a debate would be to pass up an opportunity to breathe a little new life into democracy. ► parliamentary · I see no purpose in a further referendum on that matter - we are a parliamentary democracy.· However, we should interfere in local government with some trepidation because local democracy and local accountability underpin parliamentary democracy and accountability.· Is majority rule under a system of parliamentary democracy a sufficient guarantee of legitimacy?· For the whole sample, the comparison reveals that presidential democracies are more likely to break down than parliamentary democracies.· At £12 per table leader, parliamentary democracy is getting good value.· Within our system of parliamentary democracy, only inter-party competition was seen as crucial and desirable.· A new role for the courts has to be fashioned out of our system of parliamentary democracy - Justinian.· In most parliamentary democracies voter turnout tends to be around half to three-quarters of the electorate. ► participatory · Several authors, who see the failings of our present system, do not wish to see an extension of participatory democracy.· This book will explore both the opportunities and the dangers ahead for participatory democracy in the electronic information age.· This can only occur in participatory or self-managing democracy.· Power comes from the cultivation of the scientific spirit and participatory democracy.· Bobbio has doubts, therefore, as to the educative benefits of participatory democracy.· Thus we require participatory democracy to give the individual a real measure of control over the life and structure of his/her environment.· They advocated some form of participatory democracy with free elections and a multi-party system.· For Pateman, participatory democracy hinges on the premise that individuals and their institutions can not be placed apart. ► political · In the absence of broader political democracy, active community participation gets suppressed and distorted.· This, it has been suggested, is the danger of overselling the norms of political democracy in the schools.· In short, though not yet fully attained, political democracy had become respectable, and Socialism had become arguable.· Nor will it do so in countries where genuine political democracy is firmly established and the electorate will no longer support the objectives.· What would be the institutional conditions for a genuine cultural and political democracy, for example?· Finally, further analysis demonstrates that the level of political democracy has a negative effect on the strike volume.· The result is an absence of diversity - a key requirement for a truly representative press and one suited for political democracy.· Monopolization required imperialism and both were incompatible with the political democracy represented by Weimar. ► representative · What constraints are imposed by representative democracy?· The wired village will inevitably lead the world in the direction of more direct rather than representative democracies.· But neither has found an authentic expression in the institutions of representative democracy.· In theory, our representative system of democracy gives us that ownership.· Furthermore, the nature of political authority in representative democracies means that governments are bound by doctrines of accountability.· Part I examines representative democracy and the end of the old politics.· Local government is based on the system of representative democracy: councillors are elected to make policy on behalf of the general population.· Vanhanen's democracy prediction Political parties are a central element of modern representative democracies. ► social · By no means all revolutionaries were converted to social democracy.· Thus, the possibility of social democracy is also neatly nipped in the bud.· Second, Labour under Mr Kinnock is belatedly making the transition to continental-style social democracy.· Class-based social democracy also grew during the period.· It may yet serve as an unhappy reminder that there are divides greater than those between modern capitalism and modern social democracy. ► true · It can be argued that Monsieur Guillotin was the true founder of democracy by eliminating class distinction in public executions.· This is the true nature of democracy and of all distributed governance.· Q: If this election results in a true democracy, is it exportable to the rest of the Arab world?· Surely a true democracy also depends on such values as responsibility, caring, ingenuity, and the art of compromise.· But Great Groups are rarely true democracies. ► western · In most Western democracies in the twentieth century, legislatures have lost a great deal of ground to executive branches.· The market-based economies and private ownership in Western democracies make an essential difference in the scope and application of the centralization concepts.· But the Note also made clear that the western democracies would not intervene to bring about the change of regime they advocated.· Few other Western democracies expect their political leaders' wives to be national hostesses, homemakers or advocates.· Other western democracies did no better.· None of the legendary Western democracy operated in our relations, only the democracy of childhood.· If so, public opinion in the western democracies would probably put up with quite a lot of blood and bodies.· The United States can learn from other Western democracies that have developed policies that effectively protect their children from poverty. NOUN► movement · It has led to the election of President Chiluba, leader of the country's multi-party democracy movement.· What started out as a relatively manageable protest against stolen elections has now mushroomed into a full-fledged democracy movement.· While major political reforms had been secured, discontent remained among young supporters of the democracy movement.· He has lived ever since on the ThaiBurma border, seeking to support and revive the democracy movement in his country.· The other is a conversation with the poet Liao Yiwu active in the 1989 democracy movement and subsequently jailed. VERB► establish · We agree that it is the best way to help those countries to establish sound democracies and a sound economy.· Can he say what further action we may take to establish democracy firmly there?· But the ruling party's congress last month promised to establish a multi-party democracy. ► promote · What, then, are the grounds upon which local government can be said to promote democracy?· The United States can promote both democracy and free markets. ► restore · But, as a means of trying to break the deadlock and restore a little democracy, it was certainly worth discussing.· In 1990 the Velvet Revolution restored democracy to Czechoslovakia.· Our goal was to get rid of them, restore democracy and fix things up. ► support · He has lived ever since on the ThaiBurma border, seeking to support and revive the democracy movement in his country.· Why say that the West gets another chance at supporting democracy? Word family WORD FAMILYnoundemocracydemocratdemocratizationadjectivedemocratic ≠ undemocraticverbdemocratatizeadverbdemocratically ≠ undemocratically 1[uncountable] a system of government in which every citizen in the country can vote to elect its government officials: a return to democracy after 16 years of military rule► see thesaurus at government2[countable] a country that has a government which has been elected by the people of the country: a parliamentary democracy Western democracies3[uncountable] a situation or system in which everyone is equal and has the right to vote, make decisions etc → democratic: democracy within the trade unionsCOLLOCATIONS– Meaning 2adjectivesa parliamentary democracy (=one with an elected parliament)· Britain is a parliamentary democracy.a multiparty democracy (=with a number of political parties)· It is one of the few countries in the area that is a true multiparty democracy.a Western democracy· The sanctions are supported by all the major Western democracies.a new democracy· They are facing many of the same problems that all new democracies experience.an emerging/fledgling democracy (=new)· the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe
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