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单词 previous
释义
previouspre‧vi‧ous /ˈpriːviəs/ ●●● S1 W1 AWL adjective Word Origin
WORD ORIGINprevious
Origin:
1600-1700 Latin praevius ‘leading the way’, from via ‘way’
Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Andi has two children from a previous marriage.
  • Each number in the series 2 - 4 - 8 - 16 is twice as large as the previous number.
  • Kirsty's baby had been born the previous October, while she was still in England.
  • Please ignore my previous instructions.
  • The previous chapter examined how children learn language.
  • The previous owner did not take very good care of the place.
  • The car's previous owner didn't take very good care of it.
  • The company recorded a 50% increase in profits over the previous year.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • He had been in the village the previous evening and I hadn't bothered to wait up until he returned.
  • It will be faster, more versatile and user-friendly than any previous technology.
  • More particularly, different aspects and different consequences of this previous moral order are identified.
  • Of the previous four victims, three have been killed and one left paralysed.
  • She had been diagnosed the previous summer with congestive heart failure, but for a year a new medicine worked well.
  • That way, if you have a catastrophic problem, you can restore your system to its previous state.
  • The study also found that garlic supplements reduced blood pressure modestly, confirming results from previous studies.
Thesaurus
THESAURUS
[only before noun] used when talking about a person, thing, time etc before the one that you are talking about now: · The car’s previous owner didn’t take very good care of it.· Please ignore my previous instructions.· The temperature is higher than in previous years.
[only before noun] used when talking about the one that you had just before now, or the one that existed just before now: · The last apartment we lived in was much smaller than this one.· Ben’s last girlfriend was a teacher.· Beth broke up with her last boyfriend because he drank too much.
[only before noun] used when talking about people you knew or things you had in the past, or about things that existed in the past and have been replaced by newer things: · I never liked my old boss.· I saw Phil with one of my old girlfriends.· The new stadium is much bigger than the old one.· He was my old maths teacher.
[only before noun] formal coming just before the time or thing you have just mentioned, or before the part of a book where you are now: · There were fewer crimes compared to the preceding year.· The author dealt with this subject in the preceding chapters of the book.· In the preceding section of the poem, Whitman is talking about how important it is to live in the present.
[only before noun] formal used to describe someone or something that used to have a particular job or position but does not anymore: · her former husband· the former US president· Kyoto was the former capital of Japan.
someone who used to be someone’s wife, used to be a soldier etc, but is not anymore: · Her dad’s an ex-policeman.· Lydia is still friends with her ex-husband.
the person or thing that existed before the one you have just mentioned: · I didn’t enjoy Spielberg’s last film but I thought the one before was all right.· Each year, the convention is a little larger than the one before.
Longman Language Activatorbefore someone or something else in a list, line, series etc
before something or someone else in a list, series, or set: · I think you were before me in line, weren't you?· Islington station is one stop before Finsbury Park on the Victoria Line.
to happen or exist before something or someone else: · Churchill was a much stronger leader than the man who came before him.· A planning session at eleven-thirty will precede the noon lunch discussion.be preceded by something: · Witnesses say the fire was preceded by a loud explosion.· In most cases the illness is preceded by vomiting and chills.
before another person in a group of people who are waiting to do something: · The man in front of me looked very familiar.· There were about fifty people ahead of us waiting for tickets.
coming before the one that you are dealing with now: · The previous chapter examined how children learn language.· Each number in the series 2 - 4 - 8 - 16 is twice as large as the previous number.
coming at some time before the one you have just mentioned - use this especially about something that is very different from what is happening now: · He used a lot more color in his earlier paintings.· The play lacks the wit and energy of Jergen's earlier work.
the thing that comes before another in a series: · When you're in prison, every day feels just like the one before.
formal coming before the thing you have just mentioned, or the part of a book where you are now: · The preceding chapters have described several key events in recent French history.· In the preceding section of the poem, Whitman is talking about how important it is to live in the present.
written use this to talk about a person or thing that was mentioned earlier: · Write to the above address for more information.· The above diagram shows a diesel car engine.the above (=the people or things mentioned earlier): · Contact any of the above for more details.
a time, day, month etc that comes before another one
· The company recorded a 50% increase in profits over the previous year.· Kirsty's baby had been born the previous October, while she was still in England.
the morning, afternoon, or evening of the day before today: · My sister and I went shopping yesterday lunchtime.· We met yesterday morning to discuss plans for the conference.
the week, year etc before this one: · I spoke to Neil and Sandra last weekend. · We still haven't paid last month's rent.
the day, week, month, year before the one in the past that you have just mentioned: · The day before the exam, I felt worried and unprepared.· Last week she was in Paris, and the week before she was in Rome.
formal the preceding months, years etc are the ones just before the time in the past that you are talking about: · The company made more profit in that one month than it made in the whole of the preceding year.· He had been arrested at least fifteen times in the preceding five years.
someone or something that existed before or that you had before
the previous person or thing is the one that existed just before now or before the time you are talking about: · The car's previous owner didn't take very good care of it.· Please ignore my previous instructions.
the last thing or person is the one that you had just before now, or the one that existed just before now: · The last apartment we lived in was much smaller than this one.· Beth broke up with her last boyfriend because he drank too much.
: ex-wife/ex-boyfriend/ex-soldier etc someone who used to be someone's wife, used to be a soldier etc, but is not any more: · Her dad's an ex-policeman.· Lydia is still friends with her ex-husband.
: somebody's old job/car/girlfriend/boss etc the job, car etc that someone had before the one they have now: · The new stadium is much bigger than the old one.· I saw Phil with one of my old girlfriends.· We all liked the old teacher better.
the person or thing that existed before the one you have just mentioned: · I didn't enjoy Spielberg's last film but I thought the one before was all right.· Each year, the convention is a little larger than the one before.
formal use this especially to talk about someone who used to have a particular job or position but does not any more: · Her former husband now lives in Houston.· Weinberger was an advisor to former president Ronald Reagan.
formal someone's predecessor is the person who had the same job before them: · Vandenberg has been a more active director than his predecessor.· Sally's predecessor had warned her about Nick, one of the company vice-presidents.
formal someone whose ideas or style are later used by another more famous person, or an organization, movement or machine that later develops into one that is more important: precursor of/to: · The abacus was the precursor of the modern electronic calculator.· The Office of Strategic Services was the precursor of the CIA.
the first person, organization, machine etc that existed before the one that exists now and that the one that exists now is based on: forerunner of: · The P-50 is a forerunner of today's supersonic jet.· Hansen played in the American Basketball League, a forerunner of the NBA.
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
· The method is described in the previous chapter.
(=a crime someone was found guilty of in the past)· The man had five previous convictions for being drunk and disorderly.
(=the day before something happened in the past)· I had been to the doctor the previous day.
(=one that is already arranged)· I'm sorry I can't be there, but I have a previous engagement.
· These amounts are much higher than those given in previous estimates.
· His only previous experience of broadcasting consisted of a job hosting a local radio station.
· He was the equal of any of the previous generation of great explorers.
 She believes she was an Egyptian queen in a previous incarnation.
· Anne is his daughter from a previous marriage.
(=the month before)· Sales were lower than in the previous month.
· He insisted then, as on every previous occasion, that he was innocent.
 the club’s new owners
· I glanced back to the previous page.· What’s on the next page?
· The report is a summary of the work done in earlier studies.
· She thought about what a colleague had said to her the previous week.
· The talks had been scheduled for the previous weekend.
· They had married the previous year.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN
· Unwin's architectural ideas showed a continuity from the previous century.· Wood engraving is an old process: Many newspaper and magazine illustrations from the previous century were reproduced through the process.· DuÜan built on the foundations laid by his predecessors during the previous century.· That domination brought a unity to the north which had been notably lacking since the end of the previous century.· In it, Ptolemy summarized much of the scientific knowledge which had been amassed over the previous centuries.· Dada released an amazing fount of creativity that had been largely repressed by the ethics of previous centuries.· Both also operated as armies had done for many previous centuries by finding their supplies from the land as they moved about.
· If the previous chapter of this Report is taken seriously, however, there is a challenge which faces us all.· In the previous chapter we hypothesized that potential entrants assume that the industry price will not be affected by their entry.· As the previous chapter showed, many aspects of growing up in today's world encourage such a dismissive attitude to religion.· In fact the conditional theory adopts some of the best points of several of the theories found wanting in the previous chapter.· This corresponds broadly with the approach of the previous chapter, and owes much to the Weberian analysis of bureaucracy.· In the previous chapter you may recall that job loss in manufacturing started in the mid-1960s.· Qualitative forecasting techniques are used to assist and augment the quantitative forecasting process described in the previous chapter.· Historical materialism can also be used to explain the history of penal thought sketched in the previous chapter.
· Cook, who has previous convictions for robbery, pleaded guilty to attempted rape and to unlawful wounding.· In January 1994, he agreed to give free concerts as compensation for a previous conviction on drunken driving charges.· John Hargreaves, prosecuting, said that Bulmer had a long list of previous convictions.· The magistrates were told that he had three previous convictions for alcohol-related offences.· He was over the drink-drive limit and had a previous conviction for careless driving.· Tomkinson had a previous conviction for exposing himself to a woman in 1985 and was given probation in 1990 for assault.
· The previous day Bull took out a newspaper advertisement promising to do better in future.· Woosung Construction went insolvent yesterday when it failed to honor 16. 9 billion worth of promissory notes the previous day.· Compared to the previous day this is a short walk whether you choose the high or low route.· The pair had quarrelled the previous day.· The previous day a letter had conic from the Ministry of Education.· So, when the Persians found themselves doing no better than on the previous day, they drew off again.· The winning number combination of the previous day, 651, is also written on the menu board.
· In 1989-90 non-mineral exports would total P225,000,000 less than current expenditure, breaking the pattern of the previous decade.· Over the previous decade. investors had put only $ 22 million into Lowertown.· Many of those affected by the relocation had left the south as refugees from the conflict there in the previous decade.· In previous decades this would signify certain defeat for the revolution.· Not so: the recruit of today is generally better educated and more enquiring than his counterpart of previous decades.· This means that sexually active teenagers are using contraceptives more effectively than they have in previous decades.· Higher education had only just resumed with some semblance of normality after the disruption of the previous decade.· His memory may have been tarnished over the previous decade with the acknowledgement of his serious policy errors.
· Everything was exactly the same as it had been when she'd gone to sleep the previous evening.· That had been the word from Soong through the previous evening.· Millie remembered it from the previous evening.· Frau Mozart had died the previous evening.· Slowly the events of the previous evening re-assembled themselves.· Eddie explained that the day's work had started at seven o'clock the previous evening when two customers telephoned requesting samples.· He had made no mention of the previous evening, nor had she expected him to.· She'd invited him round the previous evening and things hadn't gone at all as he'd hoped.
· The technical supremo is Caroline Fawcett-Inne whose previous experience was organising a cocktail party in a punt one May Week.· Spring focus: Buck Martinez is moving from the broadcast booth to the manager's office with no previous experience.· We advertised for people who had previous experience so they could set the system up from scratch.· I may still have known it was there, but only because I recognized the cues from previous experience.· They may have views on issues which derive from previous experience.· The effect of relatively few firearms had been devastating against a warrior race with no previous experience of them.· A local authority that has no previous experience of serving Repairs Notices can be encouraged in two ways.· Nothing in their training or previous experience had accustomed them to this kind of civil disobedience.
· Where would we be but for the work done by previous generations?· Generation X, best known for its pierced bodies and jaded outlook, is more optimistic about Wall Street than previous generations.· For a start, those retiring today are better off financially than any previous generation.· Unlike previous generations of cruise ships, the ever-larger vessels delivered in recent years have virtually no single cabins.· Compared with previous generations, we do less and eat more.· Trade and law drew the interest of the kind of talented young men who in previous generations chose ministry for their lifework.· But this is all quite new and it does not follow that previous generations of advertisers were as enthusiastic about sport.· We travel, change professions, know more and live longer per capita than any previous generation.
· Jones is also determined to increase funding for basic research, which he says the previous government allowed to run down.· It did both under its previous government-granted monopoly.· Their raw material and energy costs would rise, while being deprived of their previous government subsidies.· A previous government had negotiated the project.· Some of the present government's high technology spending is being inflated by including money already earmarked by the previous government.· Corruption and the mismanagement of the economy by the previous government are major issues.· Labour has re-nationalised the accident compensation scheme, which the previous government had opened to competition from business.· Raquel Zelaya, a neo-liberal economist, was an advisor to the previous government.
· Only the flagship 50 configurations use the 7100; the lower end boxes in each class using previous incarnations of the chip.· But only because I liked the irony; in his previous incarnation, I could not have imagined him near the water.· He has been a sceptic in all of his previous incarnations.· Little had changed here since its previous incarnation.· Kohl pencil comes in at roughly three times the price it was in its previous incarnation as an eyeliner.· It was too narrow in its previous incarnation.· Those of you with long memories will remember Robert Rankin's previous incarnation with Pan.
· Old Miss Lissie not only remembers her previous lives, but changes physically when she does so.· She moved through the rooms of her life as if she were a ghost haunting the sites of her previous life.· Initially, he had bucked against her restraints, often asking her direct questions about her previous life, about his father.· Partnership Pals Partnership pals are often those you have probably known in your previous life before you became a successful entrepreneur.· The days were all so quiet and relaxing, after the hardships and poverty of his previous life.· Do you ever cover more than one previous life in a single session?· Each creature has its own karma, its own personal mind patterns, derived from its own past history of previous lives.· Depending on her partner's previous life experience, anxiety or guilt or caring can be aroused.
· There was also another son from a previous marriage.· Ties between the woman and her daughters by a previous marriage were almost nonexistent, the neighbor said.· She had been married 19 years; they had no children together, but each had a son from a previous marriage.· Steve Merrill, for example, has been the target of anonymous faxes about his previous marriages.· She had one son of her previous marriage.· Debon has three children from a previous marriage, who were reared by their father.· Married at twenty-two a woman eleven years older than himself, with one son by a previous marriage.· I heard she married a guy with two kids from a previous marriage.
· Had she imagined the violence of the previous months?· One was reported to have fallen in Fortune Bay, where another bright fireball had fallen the previous month.· Private machinery orders collapsed in December, down 28% from the previous month.· Passenger traffic on board Le Shuttle in December rose 21 percent on the previous month.· The value of exports also dropped slightly to £4,685m, compared with a record £4,702m in the previous month.· J., the previous month on drug charges, and that she had fingered Felix as her cocaine facilitator.· The previous month he had four, one as I told you lasting for hours.· But he fell ill the previous month and had to cancel.
· Alan thought of the little scene he had witnessed the previous night.· No one had talked about it at the getting-to-know-you-dinner the previous night either.· He remembered the confessions of the previous night, and he remembered the young man who had confronted him outside his hotel.· The previous night, Charles guided Artesia to its second straight state title.· The rats disturbed him more than the previous night.· He had found the Lysander only the previous night, on a fighter field at Beda Fomm, south of Benghazi.
· On both of the previous occasions, the area was evacuated and isolated until the storm blew itself apart.· Often these acts of kindness came from the same men who had grossly failed to exercise judgment on previous occasions.· This time, as on many previous occasions, it didn't work out.· She has played the role on three previous occasions.· Rain had met some of them on previous occasions.· Some athletes have even denied stories that they had told us on previous occasions.
· The previous owner of Lou's place was a builder, and had used his craft to improve both cottage and garden.· The previous owner was one Jeremy Finch, who at the time of the sale had lived in Larchmont.· I have been told by the previous owner that he filled the hubs with grease instead of oil.· The previous owners had never received any publicity.· The shop had recently been taken over and the existing stock had been brought in by the previous owner.· The previous owner had used a bathroom off one of the bedrooms as storage and simply closed the door on it.· The previous owners, one an interior designer, had renovated the whole place very much to Sue and Reg's taste.· This shows the line of descent down to three previous owners of Upper Halling.
· In the third quarter of 1992 business insolvencies rose by 21% compared with the previous quarter.· Output rose 5. 8 percent on the previous quarter to 62, 096 ounces.· There were 327 children on the list on April 1, an increase of just two on the previous quarter.· The failure of a motor had adversely affected ore treatment in the previous quarter, the company said.· Intel, the leading computer chip maker, said first-quarter revenues would be 25 % below the previous quarter.· The rate changes each calendar quarter, based on the market rates during the previous quarter.· New commissions for housing and offices show a marked decline over previous quarters.· That would compare with 40 percent sales growth in previous quarters.
· He finally persuaded Bolton to sell, but the asking price was an unprecedented £13,000, twice the previous record.· The previous record was in 1989, when the company posted a profit of 2. 83 billion francs.· And the former petty crook had no previous record for violence.· Last week's award is more than six times bigger than the previous record, which was struck down on appeal.· Roach had no previous record of violence and was mentally retarded.· The total breaks its previous record of 464, 651 in 1979, the company said.· It took more than a thousand participants to make it happen, beating the previous record by thirty-five.· The previous record was set earlier in the season when teammate Erica Mashia went 12 for 12 from the line against Maine.
· As we saw in the previous section, the model is extremely complicated.· Let us extend our example from the previous section where there are only two goods, films and meals.· Technologies and preferences are those used in the previous section.· At all times, you need to remain aware of the risk factors mentioned in the previous section.· In this case the home country exports good 1, just as in the partial equilibrium model discussed in the previous section.· Use the last phrase of the previous section to get smoothly into the opening phrase of the next movement.· Our first restriction, used in the previous sections, is the assumption of constant expenditure shares.
· Administration of indomethacin caused no decrease in the glucose induced insulin release in our preparation confirming previous studies.· The study also found that garlic supplements reduced blood pressure modestly, confirming results from previous studies.· Real time ultrasound is a simple method of measuring gastric emptying which has been validated by previous studies.· Some previous studies had concluded that there are as many as 236, 000 firearm-related injuries in the United States yearly.· The second part of the project extends previous studies by Cohen and Faulkner of what is known as Reality Monitoring.· In our previous study, the ratio of gastric to duodenal ulcers was 1.69 in Kinki district where Kyoto Prefecture is located.· None of these subjects had taken part in either of the previous studies.· In addition, a study will be made of syllabuses, previous studies of this kind and other relevant documentation.
· Somerfield reported sales of pasta and rice were up by 87 per cent on the previous week.· The previous week, we learned that newly elected Rep.· Also captured his first Montgomery County Public Schools diving title the previous week after posting a 3-1 regular season mark.· None was receiving antibiotics or had taken acid inhibitory agents within the previous week.· Just imagine the hippocampus playing back a partial spatiotemporal pattern to the cortex-maybe a fragment of something from the previous week.· She had been reviewing the previous week on her walk to the rectory.
· The research method will be modelled on previous work of members of the Aesthetics Research Group published during the period 1973-82.· Abstract ideas became focused as he pulled together previous work on neural nets.· Discussion Our previous work and that of others has shown the spontaneous resolution of glue ear in the short term.· The central differences among the groups are level of education and previous work experience.· A number of hypotheses drawn from the previous work of the investigators will be used to structure the analysis.· I cited my previous work experience.· They are designed primarily for practitioners who are either currently working or who have previous work experience in the industry.· Consequently, new areas were mapped before the previous work had been written up.
· The number of jobs safeguarded by the investment was 81,411, an increase of 8.4 % on the previous year.· They showing such a tremendous turnaround from what they had the previous year.· Will the principal roles be taken by the same group of children who starred in previous years?· Although it still has a stronger name on the track, the 1992 road range builds on the strength of previous years.· While they had been there the previous year there had been hardly any visitors.· The Warrington-based electrical components group announced £7.34m profits for the year to March 31, compared with £3.68m for the previous year.· In 1991 there were 4,046 rapes, a rise of 17 percent on the previous year, 766 kidnaps and 411 abductions.· The anniversary, unlike those of previous years, was reported to have passed off peacefully.
· Will the principal roles be taken by the same group of children who starred in previous years?· Even horses had occasionally made the trip on ice bridges formed in previous years.· Although it still has a stronger name on the track, the 1992 road range builds on the strength of previous years.· In previous years, their pay increases operated from April.· Yesterday's ceremony followed the same pattern as those in previous years.· The anniversary, unlike those of previous years, was reported to have passed off peacefully.· Attendance was considerably higher than in previous years, with over 1,000 visitors per day.· It was backed by its traditional allies from the debates of previous years.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • Chapter 8 provides a summary of the findings from the previous chapters and draws conclusions.
  • If the previous chapter of this Report is taken seriously, however, there is a challenge which faces us all.
  • In the previous chapter we hypothesized that potential entrants assume that the industry price will not be affected by their entry.
  • Instead of travelling with the security truck carrying the money, Morgan had checked out the area round the bank the previous day.
  • Perceptions of health status One aspect of health status omitted from the previous chapter on morbidity relates to perceived health status.
  • The Coroner's inquest had been held in Southwold the previous day and he had attended with Evelyn.
  • The detailed history in the previous chapters has given an account of Ian Paisley's personal combination of religion and politics.
  • The temperature then was 41 after the game was postponed the previous day because of freezing rain and snow.
  • Previous to 1981 there were no women on the Supreme Court.
Word family
WORD FAMILYadjectivepreviousadverbpreviously
1[only before noun] having happened or existed before the event, time, or thing that you are talking about now:  I’ve met him before on two previous occasions. She has two children from a previous marriage. Do you have any previous experience of this type of work? The lawyer told the judge that Kennedy had no previous convictions. see thesaurus at last2the previous day/chapter/owner etc the one that came immediately before the one you are talking about now:  I had met them the previous day. as we said in the previous chapter The trees had been planted by the previous owner.3previous to something formal before a particular time or event:  There were almost no women MPs previous to 1945.THESAURUSprevious [only before noun] used when talking about a person, thing, time etc before the one that you are talking about now: · The car’s previous owner didn’t take very good care of it.· Please ignore my previous instructions.· The temperature is higher than in previous years.last [only before noun] used when talking about the one that you had just before now, or the one that existed just before now: · The last apartment we lived in was much smaller than this one.· Ben’s last girlfriend was a teacher.· Beth broke up with her last boyfriend because he drank too much.old [only before noun] used when talking about people you knew or things you had in the past, or about things that existed in the past and have been replaced by newer things: · I never liked my old boss.· I saw Phil with one of my old girlfriends.· The new stadium is much bigger than the old one.· He was my old maths teacher.preceding [only before noun] formal coming just before the time or thing you have just mentioned, or before the part of a book where you are now: · There were fewer crimes compared to the preceding year.· The author dealt with this subject in the preceding chapters of the book.· In the preceding section of the poem, Whitman is talking about how important it is to live in the present.former [only before noun] formal used to describe someone or something that used to have a particular job or position but does not anymore: · her former husband· the former US president· Kyoto was the former capital of Japan.ex-wife/boyfriend/soldier etc someone who used to be someone’s wife, used to be a soldier etc, but is not anymore: · Her dad’s an ex-policeman.· Lydia is still friends with her ex-husband.the one before the person or thing that existed before the one you have just mentioned: · I didn’t enjoy Spielberg’s last film but I thought the one before was all right.· Each year, the convention is a little larger than the one before.
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