单词	defect
释义	defect1 noundefect2 verb defectde‧fect1 /dɪˈfekt, ˈdiːfekt/ ●●○ noun [countable] Word Origin WORD ORIGINdefect1 Origin: 1400-1500 Old French, Latin defectus ‘lack’, from defectus, past participle of deficere ‘to go away from, fail, lack’ Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES A defect in the braking system caused several accidents before the car was recalled. Investigators found a defect in the design of the ship. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Are you puzzled by the fact that Congress does little to remedy those defects in the bureaucracy against which it constantly rails? Because methodology is fully exposed, genuine defects may be revealed, or more frustratingly, discussion sidetracked away from implications. By emphasizing every defect in her body, she offers a challenge to polite culture. Children were considered ineligible to be controls if they were a twin, were adopted, or had a serious congenital defect. His personal defects are a somewhat hostile reserve, conceit, and a narrow outlook... Little analysis was apparent in many of the early Programmes - a defect that was never entirely overcome. People are born with these defects but often show no outward signs of problems. These defects are readily apparent in this case. Thesaurus THESAURUSsomething wrong► fault a problem in a machine, system, design etc that causes damage or makes it not work properly: · The fire was caused by an electrical fault.· a fault in the engine ► defect a fault in something such as a product or machine, resulting from the way it was made or designed: · Cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory. ► weakness a part of a plan, system, or argument that is not as good as the other parts, and makes it likely to fail: · What are the strengths and weaknesses of each method? ► flaw a fault in a plan, system, argument etc, especially one that makes it useless or not effective: · Your argument has a fundamental flaw.· There was one major flaw in his suggestion – we didn’t have enough money. ► bug a fault in a computer program: · A bug in the system was quickly fixed. ► glitch a small fault in the way something works, that can usually be easily corrected: · I noticed a small glitch when installing the software. ► mistake something that is wrong in someone’s spelling, grammar, calculations etc: · The article was full of spelling mistakes. ► there’s something wrong with something used when saying that there is a problem in a machine, car etc, but you do not know what it is: · There’s something wrong with the computer – it won’t close down. Longman Language Activatorsomething wrong with a machine, system, plan etc► fault something wrong with one of the parts of a machine that prevents it from working properly: · Quality control staff are employed to check for any faults.fault in: · I think there's a fault in one of the loudspeakers.· The fault could be either in the tape or in the VCR.electrical/mechanical/technical etc fault: · The rocket launch was delayed because of a technical fault. ► defect something wrong with a product or machine, especially caused by a mistake in the way it was made or designed: · All the computers are checked for defects before they leave the factory.defect in: · A defect in the braking system caused several accidents before the car was recalled.· Investigators found a defect in the design of the ship. ► problem something that stops a machine or system from working normally: · Please call 5326 if you have any computer problems.problem with: · There seems to be some kind of problem with the heaters.problem in: · Engineers were unable to find the source of the problem in the spacecraft's cooling system. ► trouble something wrong with a machine, car etc, especially when you do not know exactly what is causing it: · If you have engine trouble, park as far to the side of the road as possible.have trouble: · If you used the same tape later and had no trouble with the picture, the problem is probably in the VCR.trouble with: · We've been having some trouble with the air-conditioning.the trouble (=the particular thing causing the problem): · I think we've found out what the trouble is. ► flaw/weakness something wrong with a plan, system, or set of ideas, which may make the whole thing useless or not effective: · His plan seemed foolproof, but I was sure there was a flaw somewhere.· The program has serious weaknesses, and I would avoid using it.flaw/weakness in: · There are several obvious flaws in his argument.· One major weakness in the study is that it is based on a very small sample. ► bug a small problem in a computer or a computer system: · The program suffers from some minor bugs, but is still better than the first version.· Some chips contained a bug that caused computers to crash frequently. ► glitch a small fault in the way something works, that can usually be corrected easily: · As the glitches are found and corrected, the process is speeding up.glitch in: · A glitch in the system shut down the telephone service to nearly 6 million customers. technical/mechanical etc glitch: · NASA officials found a way to work around the technical glitch on the Galileo spacecraft. ► virus a set of instructions that someone puts secretly into other people's computers, that can destroy information stored in them or stop them working correctly: · The disk was accidentally infected with a virus called "Stoned III".· Computer users from around the world reported that the virus had invaded their systems.· an anti-virus program ► be something wrong with/be something the matter with spoken say this when there is a problem in a machine, part of a car etc, but you do not know exactly what it is: · I think there's something wrong with the clutch in my car.· I don't know what's the matter with it, but I can't get it to work.· There are programs that will help you figure out what's wrong with your PC, and help you correct it. Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + defect► a serious defect · The movie has a few serious defects. ► a major defect (=very serious)· They have found a major defect in the program. ► a slight/minor defect · There are one or two minor defects on the car’s paintwork. ► a physical defect · Doctors examined the baby and could find no physical defects. ► a structural defect · Older buildings are bound to have some structural defects. ► a genetic/inherited defect (=one that is passed to you in your genes)· The condition is caused by a genetic defect. ► a birth defect (=one that you are born with)· About 11% of children have birth defects. ► a heart defect · Laura was born with a rare heart defect. ► a speech defect (=an incorrect way of saying certain sounds)· He had a speech defect which made it quite difficult to understand him. ► a character defect (=a fault in your character)· Laziness was just one of his character defects. verbs► have a defect · The old system had some serious defects. ► correct a defect · She had surgery to correct a defect in her right eye. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a birth defect (=something wrong with a baby when it is born)· About 11% of babies have birth defects. ► a physical defect (=a physical fault, especially one that only affects the appearance)· Most babies are born without physical defects. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► congenital · Children were considered ineligible to be controls if they were a twin, were adopted, or had a serious congenital defect.· The swop did not come to light until Arlena, who suffered from a congenital heart defect, had to undergo surgery.· Similarly the control of rubella is complex and important, because rubella in pregnancy is a cause of congenital defects. ► genetic · A clear example of a mutation altering development is the inherited genetic defect, sickle cell anaemia.· Just as a ratchet turns easily one way but can not turn back, so genetic defects inevitably accumulate.· They announced yesterday that their treatment also eliminates the genetic defect in laboratory mice, bred with cystic fibrosis.· The pair announced that they had identified a genetic defect in the dopamine system of some alcoholics.· The finding could ultimately lead to a way to correct the genetic defect, scientists say.· The mouse is bred with the genetic defect but remains alive, enabling potential cures to be tested out on it.· Cancer, genetic defects and accelerated ageing can be caused by exposure to low level radiation. ► major · However, major defects existing at the time of the sale are another matter.· Any problems with drains should be regarded as a major defect and the details passed on to your solicitor. ► mechanical · Council officials say lives were at risk from mechanical defects, including faulty brakes.· He said that no mechanical or electrical defect had been found in the lift after the accident.· Others include mechanical defects and driver fatigue. ► minor · However they will understand the difficulties of using such an unpredictable material as wood, and make due allowance for minor defects.· The report will not list minor defects. ► neural · Even if vitamin supplementation did not prevent neural tube defects, what specific harm would result?· The fortification of staple foods with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects may be unwisely delayed on this account.· The estimated annual number of births affected with a neural tube defect is about 400,000 world wide. ► other · And oxygen deficiency during the foetal stage may inhibit brain development and size at birth, with or without other defect. ► physical · In short, nearly one in three possessed physical defects, a figure which took no account of dental problems or defective vision.· The physician by means of a general examination singles out the individual whose physical defects require a more thorough testing.· The tests will also provide some early indication of physical defects such as sense impairment.· No one with any physical defect may serve as priest, though he may share in eating the offerings.· There are no traceable physical defects, although around a third of cases have associated handicaps such as epilepsy or spasticity.· Pre-existing medical conditions, recurring illness or physical defects, except as detailed under principal exclusions. 2.· I believe that if Piggy had not had so many physical defects he would have been allowed to make himself heard. ► serious · A structural appraisal of the building identified a number of potentially serious defects which could arise in the event of fire.· Children were considered ineligible to be controls if they were a twin, were adopted, or had a serious congenital defect.· The leisure centre has been at the centre of a compensation wrangle since serious building defects were discovered last year.· It's the most obvious sign of the serious defects that need urgent attention.· Furthermore any serious defect is seen and rejected.· At one end there were serious procedural defects which would render any decision a nullity.· Hooper documents a serious defect in this reasoning.· Again, this is a serious defect and needs checking by a structural engineer. ► structural · This is not a structural defect - only a sign of antiquity.· Scores of schools were shown to have similar structural defects.· We regard this result as strong evidence against a possible structural defect of the Dcm/Cys177Ser mutant. NOUN► birth · The residues accumulate in our bodies and can cause cancer and birth defects.· Aid workers say areas that were heavily bombed now have high rates of birth defects, sterility and mental retardation.· Obvious other exclusions include blindness and deafness as well as rare birth defects.· In some areas of the Black Triangle, ten per-cent of all live births resulted in infants with crippling birth defects.· He intones: Nigel: Suppose there was a power that caused birth defects in sheep and people.· Early reports of birth defects l inked to the Gulf War syndrome have been disproved, Whitesides said.· They also claim that fluoride potentially causes birth defects.· If its use can not possibly be avoided, the patient should be counseled about the possibility of a birth defect. ► gene · Are gene defects relevant at all?· In familial cases without a gene defect regular echocardiograms are the only practicable screening method. ► heart · The swop did not come to light until Arlena, who suffered from a congenital heart defect, had to undergo surgery.· During an effort to overcome one of those problems - a heart defect - surgeons gave the boy a blood transfusion.· Laura was born with a rare heart defect which prevented enough oxygen getting into her blood.· Sacha Bull was born with a heart defect which meant vital blood supplies were being channelled to other parts of the body. ► tube · Even if vitamin supplementation did not prevent neural tube defects, what specific harm would result?· The fortification of staple foods with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects may be unwisely delayed on this account.· The estimated annual number of births affected with a neural tube defect is about 400,000 world wide. VERB► born · Heart valves are vital for transplantation into children born with valve defects and adults with diseased or worn valves.· People are born with these defects but often show no outward signs of problems.· Sacha Bull was born with a heart defect which meant vital blood supplies were being channelled to other parts of the body. ► cause · The residues accumulate in our bodies and can cause cancer and birth defects.· The disorder is caused by an inherited defect of collagen, long intertwined proteins that form the supporting matrix for bone.· They are not liable in negligence for the cost of remedial measures caused by a defect in the building's construction.· I say, pointing to the sign behind the bar, warning pregnant women that drinking alcohol can cause birth defects.· He intones: Nigel: Suppose there was a power that caused birth defects in sheep and people.· It says that the company razed forests, polluted rivers, retarded crop growth and caused birth defects.· They also claim that fluoride potentially causes birth defects.· The producer will be liable for any defect in the product which causes damage. ► correct · Jeanette Orton from Oxfordshire has already undergone surgery to correct a defect in her right eye.· A three-dollar conversion would have corrected the design defect, but the corporation chose to ignore the problem.· The finding could ultimately lead to a way to correct the genetic defect, scientists say. ► discover · Property should come under the Trades Description Act and contracts should allow buyers to back out if they discover undeclared defects. ► remedy · The cost of remedying the defect is economic loss and neither party owes a duty of care to P2 in that respect.· Are you puzzled by the fact that Congress does little to remedy those defects in the bureaucracy against which it constantly rails?· The new law remedies this defect, to a certain extent.· To remedy these defects a new student management system was designed and introduced in stages from 1980-81.· Those ordinances and Cromwell's later reforms of 1539-40 attempted to remedy the defects. ► show · Barium meal showed a filling defect in the prepyloric region.· The house may show a defect a number of years after construction.· A chest radiograph was normal, but a ventilation-perfusion lung scan showed a matched defect in the right lower lobe.· Arguments advanced to show law's defects in dealing with the family fall into three groups.· The first obstacle is, of course, to show that the defect caused the accident. ► suffer · The Weimar Constitution, it was generally agreed, had suffered from two principal defects.· If your speech suffers from this defect, your teachers will not tell you of it.· The Tsarist system had suffered from a similar defect.· However, the standard edition of Hobbes' writings is nearly 150 years old and suffers from serious defects and omissions. a fault or a lack of something that means that something or someone is not perfect:  All the cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory. a genetic defect► see thesaurus at faultCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + defecta serious defect· The movie has a few serious defects.a major defect (=very serious)· They have found a major defect in the program.a slight/minor defect· There are one or two minor defects on the car’s paintwork.a physical defect· Doctors examined the baby and could find no physical defects.a structural defect· Older buildings are bound to have some structural defects.a genetic/inherited defect (=one that is passed to you in your genes)· The condition is caused by a genetic defect.a birth defect (=one that you are born with)· About 11% of children have birth defects.a heart defect· Laura was born with a rare heart defect.a speech defect (=an incorrect way of saying certain sounds)· He had a speech defect which made it quite difficult to understand him.a character defect (=a fault in your character)· Laziness was just one of his character defects.verbshave a defect· The old system had some serious defects.correct a defect· She had surgery to correct a defect in her right eye. defect1 noundefect2 verb defectdefect2 /dɪˈfekt/ verb [intransitive] Word Origin WORD ORIGINdefect2 Origin: 1500-1600 Latin defectus, past participle; ➔ DEFECT1 Verb Table VERB TABLE defect Simple Form Present I, you, we, they defect he, she, it defects Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they defected Present perfect I, you, we, they have defected he, she, it has defected Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had defected Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will defect Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have defected Continuous Form Present I am defecting he, she, it is defecting you, we, they are defecting Past I, he, she, it was defecting you, we, they were defecting Present perfect I, you, we, they have been defecting he, she, it has been defecting Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been defecting Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be defecting Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been defecting Examples EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Almost every Republican woman I know also defected in both elections. At least one count in this region, Odulf, had already defected. Home Secretary Jack Straw's record would be reason enough to defect from Labour. If I am to live, I must defect with my aircraft. Temptation to defect, 5 points. They were paying him for defecting, for answering questions about his military service. Two Conservatives have recently defected from the party, whose majority has dwindled to five in Parliament. Who had persuaded the other to defect, to betray his fundamental principles in the name of personal loyalty? word sets WORD SETS► Citizenship banish, verbbill of rights, nounbirthright, nounburgher, nouncrown colony, noundefect, verbdemocracy, noundeport, verbdeportee, noundisplaced person, nounelectorate, noungreen card, nounID, nounID card, nounidentification, nounidentity card, nounillegal, nounillegal immigrant, nounimmigration, nounnational, nounnationality, nounnon-resident, nounpatriot, nounpublic, adjectiverefugee, nounregister, verbrepatriate, verbsponsor, nounstateless, adjectivesubject, nounvassal, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a birth defect (=something wrong with a baby when it is born)· About 11% of babies have birth defects. ► a physical defect (=a physical fault, especially one that only affects the appearance)· Most babies are born without physical defects. to leave your own country or group in order to go to or join an opposing onedefect to/from a Russian actor who defected to the West—defector noun [countable]—defection /dɪˈfekʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]
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